4  am 


BIOLOGY 

LIBRARY 

G 


MANUAL 


OF  THE 


FLORA  OF  JACKSON  COUNTY 

MISSOURI 


BY 

KENNETH   K.  MACKENZIE 

ASSISTED  BY 

B.  F.  BUSH  AND   OTHERS 


KANSAS   CITY,   MO. 
1902 


l\  I V  O 


BIOLOGY 

LIBRARY 

G 


COPYRIGHT  1902,  BY 
KENNETH   K.  MACKENZIE 


PRESS   OF 

TH2   NEW   2RA  PRINTING  COI.1PAK 
_ANCA3TER,    PA, 


INTRODUCTION. 

SITUATED  as  it  is,  where  the  floras  of  several  different  regions  blend, 
Jackson  County,  Missouri,  is  of  especial  interest  to  the  botanist.  For- 
tunately its  flora  has  been  studied  as  thoroughly  probably  as  that  of 
any  other  western  area  of  similar  size.  The  results  of  these  investiga- 
tions have  appeared  from  time  to  time  in  several  local  floras.  The  first  of 
these  was  entitled  "Flora  of  Jackson  County,"  and  was  published  in 
1882  by  Mr.  B.  F.  Bush.  In  1885  Mr.  Bush  and  Kev.  Cameron  Mann 
published  a  supplement  to  this  flora,  and  in  1888  Mr.  Bush  published  a 
second  supplement.  The  species  and  varieties  enumerated  in  these  three 
lists  are  numbered  consecutively  and  aggregate  1,004.  In  1899  I  pub- 
lished a  "Spring  Flora  of  Kansas  City  and  Vicinity,"  which  contained  a 
key  to  the  plants  blooming  before  the  first  of  June.  This  work  also  added 
a  few  species  to  those  already  enumerated  in  the  previous  works.  In 
addition,  a  series  of  very  instructive  and  ably  written  papers  by  the  Kev. 
Cameron  Mann  appeared  in  the  Kansas  City  Star  during  1899,  dealing 
with  our  local  flora  in  a  popular  manner.  To  the  best  of  my  knowledge 
nothing  else  has  been  printed  professing  to  deal  with  our  local  flora 
alone.  A  "  Flora  of  Missouri  "  published  in  1885  by  Professor  Tracy,  and 
a  "List  of  the  Trees,  Shrubs  and  Vines  of  Missouri,"  published  in  1895 
by  Mr.  B.  F.  Bush  complete  the  list  of  works  in  which  any  Jackson 
County  plants  are  enumerated. 

At  the  time  when  the  earlier  lists  were  published,  there  was  no  work 
which  dealt  with  the  flora  of  this  region.  Consequently  there  was  then 
much  difficulty  in  arriving  at  a  correct  understanding  of  the  species 
represented  here  and  mistakes  were  inevitable,  but  considering  the  diffi- 
culties above  mentioned  they  were  not  numerous,  and  are  most  noticeable 
in  genera,  which  even  now  are  only  beginning  to  be  understood. 

This  work  is  intended  to  include  all  species  of  the  higher  plants  found 
growing  wild  within  the  limits  of  Jackson  County,  and  embraces  the  re- 
sults of  all  the  botanizing  done  here  up  to  the  present  time.  All  species 
enumerated  in  previous  works  and  not  included  herein  are  omitted  for 
some  good  reason,  either  because  their  occurrence  could  not  be  verified, 
because  of  erroneous  determinations,  or  because  the  forms  then  regarded 
as  distinct  on  further  study  have  been  proved  not  to  be  so.  While  as 
much  care  as  possible  has  been  taken  to  make  this  work  accurate  and 
complete,  yet  it  must  be  recognized  that  no  manual  or  flora  ever  pub- 
lished has  entirely  met  these  requirements,  and  further  study  and  inves- 
tigation will  certainly  reveal  the  necessity  for  corrections  in  and  addi- 
tions to  this. 

iii 


347837 


iv  INTRODUCTION 

While  many  lists  of  plants  occurring  in  certain  restricted  localities 
have  been  published,  as  far  as  I  am  aware  no  manual  with  full  descrip- 
tions and  keys  devoted  to  but  one  county  and  professing  to  include  all 
the  species  found  in  that  county  has  ever  been  published  in  the  United 
States.  That  I  have  attempted  here.  The  book  is  intended  for  the  use 
of  students,  and  has  been  made  as  easy  and  as  simple  as  possible.  For 
that  reason  no  attempt  has  been  made  to  use  natural  keys,  for  such  keys 
are  always  so  full  of  exceptions  as  to  make  them  worse  than  useless  to  the 
beginner.  Therefore  artificial  keys  have  been  constructed  and  used. 
The  results  obtained  by  the  use  of  these  keys  can  in  each  case  be  verified 
by  the  more  enlarged  and  technical  descriptions  appearing  under  the 
families,  genera  and  species  respectively. 

It  is  hardly  necessary  to  dwell  upon  the  manifest  advantages  possessed 
by  a  manual  of  this  character  for  local  use  over  those  which  deal  with 
areas  embracing  many  states.  Two-thirds  or  three-fourths  of  the  species 
described  in  such  works  will  not  be  found  in  any  given  locality,  and  the 
pupil  cannot  fail  to  be  hindered  by  the  necessity  of  studying  the  descrip- 
tions of  these  species  in  order  to  differentiate  them  from  those  species 
which  actually  occur  in  his  vicinity.  This,  added  to  the  fact  that  in  a 
local  manual  the  exact  locality  in  which  any  certain  species  can  be  found 
is  given,  is  sufficient  to  show  the  advantages  of  such  a  work. 

The  descriptions  here  given  are  in  most  cases  drawn  from  specimens 
collected  in  this  county  by^myself  and  others.  Where  that  has  not  been 
possible  specimens  collected  elsewhere  have  been  resorted  to,  and  in  one 
or  two  cases  published  descriptions  have  been  used,  specimens  of  these 
species  not  being  available.  These  descriptions  have  been  further  com- 
pared with  those  of  the  standard  manuals  and  are  believed  to  be  accurate 
as  applied  to  the  species  found  here.  In  describing  families  and  genera 
the  descriptions  are  applicable  only  to  our  own  species,  and  exceptions 
illustrated  by  foreign  species  have  been  omitted.  Save  that  combina- 
tions in  which  generic  and  specific  name  are  identical  are  avoided,  the 
names  used,  with  few  exceptions,  are  those  used  in  Britton's  "Manual  of 
the  Flora  of  the  Northern  States  and  Canada  "  and  the  sequence  of  families 
and  genera  there  adopted  has  been  followed.  This  is  largely  true  of  the 
sequence  of  species  also. 


DESCRIPTION   OF   JACKSON   COUNTY. 

JACKSON  County,  Missouri,  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  the  Missouri 
Eiver,  separating  it  from  Clay  and  Ray  Counties,  Missouri  ;  on  the  west 
by  Wyandotte  and  Johnson  Counties,  Kansas  ;  on  the  south  by  Cass 
County,  Missouri  ;  and  on  the  east  by  Lafayette  and  Johnson  Counties, 
Missouri.  It  is  about  twenty-seven  miles  long  east  and  west,  and  from 
seventeen  to  twenty-seven  miles  wide  north  and  south,  and  contains 
some  six  hundred  and  twenty-five  square  miles.  In  altitude  it  ranges 
from  about  675  feet  above  sea  level  near  Levasy  to  1,100  feet  near  Lee's 
Summit.  For  so  limited  an  area  it  exhibits  a  great  diversity  of  surface, 
and  consequently  the  flora  is  rich  and  varied. 

As  most  people  are  aware,  the  Missouri  River  is  extremely  crooked, 
first  approaching  the  bluff  on  one  side  and  then  the  bluff  on  the  other, 
thus  alternately  leaving  great  bottoms  on  opposite  sides  of  the  river.  Of 
these  bottoms  there  are  five  principal  ones  in  this  county,  which  are 
known  as  the  Sheffield,  Rush,  Little  Blue,  Sibley  and  Levasy  bottoms. 
The  river  is  continually  cutting  into  and  eating  away  the  up-river  sides 
of  these  bottoms  and  adding  to  the  lower  sides.  The  sand  and  mud  de- 
posited on  the  lower  side  is  at  first  only  uncovered  at  low  water,  but 
being  gradually  added  to  is  at  length  never  covered  save  when  the  river  is 
very  high,  parts  indeed  escaping  from  submergence  entirely.  In  each  of 
the  bottoms  there  is  a  series  of  these  areas  added  in  successive  years,  each 
a  little  lower  than  the  one  next  above.  The  flora  of  the  outer  of  these 
areas  or  sandbars  proper  is  very  interesting  and  peculiar.  In  places  Salix 
interior  is  so  abundant  that  one  can  scarcely  force  his  way  through,  and 
everywhere  it  is  the  predominant  plant.  In  the  more  open  places  are 
found  many  herbaceous  plants  occurring  no  place  else.  Many  species  of 
Cyperus,  Potentilla,  Roripa  and  Eragrostis  abound.  Juncus  Richardsonianus, 
Juncus  bufonius,  Juncus  Balticus,  Aristida  intermedia,  Oxygraphis  Cymba- 
laria,  Sporobolus  asperifolius,  Corispermum  hyssopifolium,  Bergia  Texana, 
Fuirena  simplex,  Limosella  aquatica  and  many  other  rarities  have  been 
found  on  these  sandbars. 

Passing  from  these  outer  sand-bars  inland  the  flora  gradually  changes. 
Salix  interior  is  first  replaced  by  Salix  amygdaloides,  Salix  cor  data  Missou- 
riensis  and  Populus  deltoides,  and  the  herbaceous  plants  by  Equisetum  robus- 
tum,  and  these  in  turn  give  way  to  the  giant  elms,  oaks  and  sycamores  of 
the  bottom  forests.  I  n  the  more  open  parts  of  these  forests  several  species  of 
Meibomia,  SiegUngia  seslerioides,  Helianthus  tuberosus  subcanesctns,  Anemone 
Canadensis,  Apocynum  hypericifolium,  Vernonia  maxima,  Solidago  serotina, 
Aster  Missouriensis,  Aster  paniculatus  and  various  species  of  Bidens  are 


vi  DESCBIPTION  OF  JACKSON  COUNTY 

characteristic  plants,  while  in  the  denser  forests  various  vines  such  as 
Ampelopsis  cordata,  Vitis  vulpina,  Falcata  Pitcheri,  and  Rhus  radicans 
make  traveling  burdensome.  In  these  dense  forests  occur  those  rare 
orchids  :  Aplectrum  spicatum,  Gyrostachys  plantaginea  and  Pogonia  trian- 
thophora,  and  keeping  them  company  the  fungus-like  Monotropa  uniflora 
rarely  appears. 

Bordering  these  lowlands  is  a  chain  of  bluffs,  high  and  rocky  in  the 
western  part  of  the  county,  but  becoming  lower  and  more  sandy  in  the 
eastern  part.  Various  creeks,  greater  or  less  in  extent,  break  the  contin- 
uity of  this  chain,  and  with  their  branches  make  the  northern  part  of  the 
county  very  uneven.  The  larger  of  these  creeks  are  really  small  rivers, 
and  extending  through  the  width  of  the  county,  carry  with  them  the 
flora  peculiar  to  the  broken  uneven  country.  Getting  away  from  the  in- 
fluence of  these  creeks  and  their  branches  one  comes  to  the  prairie,  once 
open  and  nearly  treeless,  but  now  through  the  efforts  of  man  fast  losing  its 
characteristic  features.  This  prairie  extends  throughout  the  southern, 
especially  the  southwestern,  part  of  the  county,  being  there  broken  only  by 
the  larger  streams. 

The  chief  streams  of  the  county  are  the  Blue,  running  through  the 
western  part  nearly  due  north  and  south  ;  the  Little  Blue,  running 
through  the  central  part  from  the  southwest  to  the  northeast  :  Sni-a  bar 
Creek  and  its  tributaries  which  cover  the  southeastern  part  ;  and  Fire- 
Prairie  Creek,  which  drains  the  northeastern  part.  The  first  three  of  these 
are  bordered  by  wooded  bluffs,  but  Fire-Prairie  Creek,  save  for  a  narrow 
fringe  of  timber  immediately  adjoining  it,  runs  through  a  nearly  treeless 
bottom.  Barely  penetrating  the  southeastern  part  of  the  county  are  a 
few  small  wooded  creeks  ultimately  emptying  into  the  Osage  and  bring- 
ing in  a  few  rare  herbaceous  species. 

Along  our  streams  Salix  nigra,  Acer  sacchannum,  Aesculus  glabra  arguta, 
Ulmus  Americana,  Ulmus  fulva,  Juglans  nigra,  Quercus  macrocarpa  and 
Gymnocladus  dioica  form  the  greater  part  of  the  forest,  while  on  the  bluffs 
and  the  uplands  various  species  of  oaks  and  hickories  find  their  home. 
The  sugar-maple  is  common  in  the  northeastern  part  and  the  rock-elm 
abounds  only  along  the  rocky  bluffs  in  the  northwestern,  but  as  a 
whole  our  trees  are  not  local.  The  common  smaller  trees  are  Ostrya  Vir- 
giniana,  Mains  loensis  and  various  species  of  Crataegus  and  Prunus.  The 
buckberry  (Symphoricarpos)  is  the  most  common  under-shrub,  but  the 
hazelnut  (Corylus  Americana)  and  the  wild  blackberry  are  close  rivals, 
while  along  rocky  branches,  especially  in  the  southern  part,  Rhamnus 
lanceolata  is  common.  Various  sumacs  and  several  species  of  Cornus 
also  abound,  and  twining  over  the  larger  plants  are  various  species  of 
wild  grapes,  true  and  false ;  the  poison  ivy  and  the  wild  hop  are  every- 
where met  with. 

The  herbaceous  plants  as  a  rule  are  more  locally  distributed  than  the 
woody,  though  of  course  many  range  almost  throughout  the  county.  In 


DESCRIPTION  OF  JACKSON   COUNTY  vii 

the  woods,  especially  of  the  northern  part  of  the  county,  Circaea  Lutetiana, 
leucrium  Canadense,  Impatiens  biflora  and  aurea,  Claytonia  Virginico, 
Isopyrum  biternatum,  Erythronium  albidum,  Viola  scabriuscula  and  Viola 
cuspidata,  Rudbeckia  triloba,  Eupatorium  maculatum,  Agrimonia  mollis, 
Vernonia  interior,  Muhlenbergia  diffusa,  various  species  of  Polygonum  and 
Meibomia,  Podophyllum  peltatum,  Sanicula  Canadensis,  and  several  species 
of  asters  and  goldenrods  may  be  mentioned  as  characteristic  species. 

The  Blue  and  the  Little  Blue  and  their  tributaries  have  cut  down 
through  the  limestone  rock  prevalent  in  the  western  part,  and  the  out- 
croppings  of  these  limestone  rocks,  especially  abundant  in  the  south- 
western part,  form  our  barrens.  The  limestone  is  usually  covered  by  a 
thin  layer  of  rich  soil,  which  is  moist  in  spring,  but  later  on  becomes 
dried  out.  These  barrens  are  either  bare  of  trees  or  covered  by  small 
scrub  and  are  bounded  on  one  side  by  the  rocky  bluffs  of  the  creeks  and 
on  the  other  usually  separated  from  the  prairies  by  the  scrub-oak  woods. 
In  these  barrens  many  typical  prairie  plants  occur,  while  other  plants 
appear  which  are  met  with  in  no  other  place.  Of  the  latter  Ophioglossum 
Engelmanni,  Specularia  leptocarpa,  Mentzelia  oligosperma,  Euphorbia  Arkan- 
sana,  Sedum  pulchellum,  Valerianella  stenocarpa,  Chaerophyllum  Texanum  and 
Bouteloua  curtipendula  may  be  mentioned.  The  rocky  woods  adjoining 
these  barrens  are  chiefly  remarkable  for  the  vast  number  of  individuals 
of  some  species  which  they  contain.  Here  Ratibida  pinnata,  Cassia  C/ia- 
maecrista  and  Helianthus  hirsutus  often  give  a  yellow  appearance  to  the 
landscape.  It  is  in  these  barrens  and  the  woods  adjoining  that  many 
species  of  asters  and  goldenrods  find  their  home. 

The  prairie  region  may  be  roughly  divided  into  the  high  and  the  low 
prairies.  Unfortunately  for  the  botanist  the  high  prairie  is  so  fertile  and 
easy  of  cultivation  that  very  little  of  it  now  remains  in  its  natural  state, 
the  best  being  found  in  the  Missouri  Pacific  right  of  way,  both  north  and 
south  of  Lee's  Summit.  Typical  prairie  plants  are  Brauneria  pallida,  Lad- 
nariapycnostachya,  Viola  delphinifolia,  Rudbeckia  subtomentosa,  Meibomia  Illi- 
noemis,  several  species  of  Silphium  and  Helianthus,  Petalostemon  candidus, 
Petalostemon  purpureus,  Andropogon  furcatus,  Andropogon  scoparius,  Trip- 
sacum  dactyloides,  Erythronium  mesachoreum,  Allium  mutabile  and  Trad- 
escantia  reflexa.  Great  rarities  are  Polygala  incarnata  and  Dodecatheon 
Meadia. 

The  low  prairie  region  is  chiefly  found  along  Fire  Prairie  Creek,  along 
portions  of  the  Little  Blue,  and  sparingly  along  the  Blue.  Here  Vernonia 
fasciculata,  Spartina  cynosuroides,  Rosa  setigera.  Asdepias  Sullivantii,  Koellia 
fl<  xuosa  and  many  species  of  sedges  abound. 

Besides  these  main  subdivisions  there  are  several  localities  of  especial 
interest.  Thus  in  the  Sni-a-bar  Creek  region,  Polemonium  reptans  is  very 
abundant.  In  the  northeastern  part  of  the  county  Iva  ciliata  abounds,  and 
in  the  southwestern,  Helianthus  orgyalis.  About  four  miles  southeast  of 
Grain  Valley,  there  are  some  sandy  woods  where  Zizia  cordata,  Sfenophyl- 
lus  capillaris,  Aristida  gracilis,  Lechea  tenuifolia  and  Centunculus  minimus 


viii  DESCRIPTION  OF  JACKSON  COUNTY 

occur.  Coming  up  from  the  south  at  Greenwood  are  Gerardia  Skinneri- 
ana,  Talinum  calycinum  and  Fimbristylis  laxa.  Tragia  ramosa,  Aristida 
basiramea  and  Thaspium  barbinode  get  as  far  north  as  Martin  City,  while 
Drdba  cuneifolia  seems  to  reach  its  northern  limit  at  Dodson. 

But  the  most  interesting  of  all  is  the  bog  region  found  along  the 
Missouri  bluffs  west  of  Sibley.  Many  eastern  plants  rare  in  the  west, 
are  here  found.  Naumburgia  thyrsiflora,  Epilobium  lineare,  Epilobium 
coloratum,  Dryopteris  Thelypteris,  Polygonum  sagittatum,  Dulichium  arundi- 
naceum,  Carex  hystricina,  Carex  lurida,  Carex  typhinoides  and  Cardnmine 
Pennsylvania  may  be  mentioned.  In  the  rich  woods  adjoining,  Asple- 
nium  Filix-foemina,  Botrychium  obliquum,  Osmunda  Claytoniana,  Hydrastis 
Canadensis,  Caulophyllum  thalictroides  and  Korycarpus  diandras  occur,  but 
often  almost  hidden  by  the  luxurious  growth  of  Asplenium  angusti folium. 

In  the  very  rich  bluffs  at  Courtney,  Carex  Albursina  and  Bikukula 
Canadensis  may  be  found,  while  on  the  rocks  Asplenium  plalyneuron  and 
Asplenium  parvulum  may  perchance  reward  the  very  diligent  searcher. 
On  the  rocky  bluffs  at  Kansas  City,  Polymnia  Canadensis  radiata  abounds, 
although  found  in  no  other  station  in  the  county,  and  Thalictrum  dioicum 
has  the  same  local  distribution  on  the  rocky  bluff  north  of  Fairmount 
Park. 

Aquatics  are  not  common  with  us,  but  still  we  have  a  fair  share.  We 
have  four  good  sized  ponds,  one  at  Lake  City,  another  at  Sheffield,  a 
third  at  Atherton  called  Hiffner's  Lake,  and  a  fourth  at  Sibley  known  as 
Fish  Lake.  Chief  among  our  water-plants  found  in  these  lakes  is  the 
chinquapin  water-lily,  unfortunately  confined  to  Lake  City  and  Fish 
Lake.  Less  noticeable,  but  perhaps  more  interesting  are  the  Utricula- 
rias,  Potamogetons,  Myriophyllum,  Ceratophyllum,  Ranunculus,  Didiplis, 
Monniera,  Lemna,  Spirodela,  Azolla,  Heterantheras  and  Sagittarias,  some 
found  in  but  one  or  a  few,  others  in  all  our  ponds. 

With  such  a  large  city  and  important  railroad  center  within  its  borders 
as  Kansas  City,  one  would  naturally  expect  to  find  many  foreign  plants 
in  Jackson  County,  and  this  expectation  is  amply  borne  out.  Some  of 
the  introduced  plants  are  among  our  most  common  weeds,  while  of  others 
but  a  few  clumps  have  been  found.  Although  not  weeds,  clover  (Trifo- 
lium  repens]  and  blue-grass  (Poa pratensis}  are  perhaps  the  most  common 
of  our  introduced  plants.  In  fact  it  is  hard  to  believe  that  they  are  in- 
troduced. Of  the  introduced  plants  which  have  become  common  weeds, 
Panicum  Crus-Galli,  Syntherisma  sanguinalis,  Chaetochlva  ylauca  and  Chae- 
tochloa  viridis,  Agrostis  alba,  Eleusine  Indica,  Eragrostis  major,  Festuca  ela- 
tior,  Bromus  secalinus,  Eumex  crispus,  Chenopodium  ambrosioides,  Chenopo- 
dium  album,  Amaranthus  retroflexus,  Brassita  nigra,  Bursa  Bur&a-pastoris, 
Sisymbrium  officinale,  Pastinaca  saliva,  Jpomoea  purpurea,  Ipomoea  hedera. 
cea,  Verbascum  Thapsvs,  Xanthium  slrumarium,  Helianthus  annuus,  An- 
themis  Cotula,  Carduus  lanceolata.  Taraxacum  officinale,  Lactuca  virosa  and 
Sonchns  asper,  are  met  with  everywhere,  and  are  some  of  our  commonest 
plants.  Many  native  plants  have  taken  on  a  weedy  aspect,  and  with  the 


DESCRIPTION  OF  JACKSON  COUNTY  ix 

introduced  species  above  mentioned  abound  in  waste  places.  Chief 
among  these  are  :  Panicum  capillare,  Panicum  proliferum,  Juncus  tenuin, 
Urtica  gracilis,  Polygonum  aviculare,  Polygonum  Pennsylvanicum,  Phyto- 
lacca  decandra,  Portulaca  neglecta,  Lepidium  apetalum,  Lepidium  Virginlcum 
(possibly  introduced),  Euphorbia  maculata,  Euphorbia  nutans,  Asclepias 
Syriaca,  Verbena  stricia,  Teucrium  Canadense,  Solamim  Carolinense,  Vero- 
nica peregrina,  Plantago  Rugellii,  Plantago  aristata,  Vernonia  interior, 
Erigeron  annuus,  Erigeron  ramosus,  Leptilon  Canadense,  Iva  ciliata  (lo- 
cally), Ambrosia  artemisiaefolia,  Ambrosia  triflda,  Carduus  aUissimus  and 
Lactuca  Canadensis. 

Along  the  railroads  many  species  are  found,  of  some  perhaps  only  a 
plant  or  two,  which  hardly  deserve  a  place  in  our  flora,  but  whose  occur- 
rence it  is  necessary  to  mention  in  order  to  make  a  complete  record.  The 
railroads  at  Sheffield  are  especially  rich  in  such  species.  A  few  show  a 
tendency  to  persist  and  spread,  but  most  of  them  are  purely  waifs.  Quite 
a  number  of  such  species  are  here  reported,  especially  among  the  Grami- 
neae  and  Compositae. 

At  the  end  of  the  work  will  be  found  a  table  showing  the  number  of 
families,  genera,  species  and  varieties,  from  which  a  knowledge  of  the 
component  parts  of  our  flora  can  be  obtained  almost  at  a  glance.  Our 
largest  genera  with  the  number  of  species  and  varieties  in  each  are  :  Carex, 
60 ;  Polygonum,  20  ;  Panicum,  17  ;  Aster,  16  ;  Cyperus,  13  ;  Chenopodium, 
12;  Meibomia,  12  ;  Solidago,  12  ;  Quercus,  11  ;  Euphorbia,  11  ;  Physalis, 
10  ;  Helianthus,  10.  Probably  the  most  noticeable  features  of  our  flora 
are  the  great  number  of  grasses,  Compositae  and  sedges,  the  total  absence 
of  heaths  and  the  small  number  of  ferns  and  orchids. 


X  NEW  SPECIES,  VARIETIES  AND  NAMES 

USE   OF   KEYS. 

To  those  not  acquainted  with  the  use  of  botanical  keys,  a  few  hints 
may  be  of  value.  Suppose  we  have  gone  into  the  woods  and  found  a 
plant  whose  name  we  would  like  to  ascertain.  We  first  turn  to  the  key 
to  the  families  at  the  beginning  of  the  book  and  find  there  two  lines  be- 
ginning equally  far  out.  We  must  choose  between  these  two  lines,  one  of 
which  says  "plants  without  flowers  or  seeds  "  and  the  other  "  plants  with 
flowers  and  seeds. ' '  We  perceive  that  our  plant  has  both  flowers  and  seeds 
and  so  select  the  second  division.  Under  this,  but  a  little  indented,  are 
two  lines  beginning  equally  far  out.  Our  plant  agrees  with  the  second 
under  which,  again,  are  two  lines  to  select  from  and  again  we  take  the 
second  line.  Here  we  are  referred  to  "  II  "  Glancing  down  the  page, 
this  figure  soon  meets  the  eye.  In  the  same  manner  as  before  we  proceed 
to  select  "  B,"  and  going  on  as  before  we  at  last  find  that  our  plant  be- 
longs to  the  Portulacaceae  found  on  page  85.  Turning  to  page  85  we  com- 
pare our  plant  with  the  family  description,  and  then  if  all  is  correct  take 
up  the  key  to  the  genera.  Out  of  the  three  genera  No.  2  or  Claytonia 
agrees  with  our  plant.  Turning  to  No.  2,  we  read  generic  and  specific 
description,  and,  finding  that  both  descriptions  agree,  conclude  that  our 
plant  is  Claytonia  Virginica  or  Spring  Beauty.  By  a  similar  use  of  the 
keys  scattered  through  the  work— but  always  commencing  with  the 
family  key — any  plant  occurring  with  us  may  be  traced  and  named.  If 
a  genus  has  more  than  one  species  represented,  the  key  at  the  beginning 
of  the  genus  must  be  used  to  name  the  species. 

NEW   SPECIES,  VARIETIES  AND   NAMES. 

The  authors  feel  that  quite  a  few  of  the  genera  and  families  recognized 
in  this  work  could  be  split  up  with  great  advantage  to  the  student  and  to 
a  proper  understanding  of  systematic  botany,  but  they  think  that  work 
of  this  character  should  be  left  to  a  book  of  a  more  extended  scope  than 
this,  and  so  have  not  attempted  it  here.  Likewise  there  are  several  forms 
of  plants  growing  in  our  territory,  which  we  have  not  named,  owing  to 
insufficient  knowledge  of  them  at  present.  Some  of  our  plants  we  thought 
deserved  recognition  and  these  we  have  indicated  as  new. 

A  list  of  the  new  species,  varieties  and  names  given  in  this  work  is  as 
follows,  the  authors  being  Mackenzie  and  Bush,  except  as  otherwise  in- 
dicated : 

1.  Pellaea  atropurpurea  Bushii  Mackenzie,  p.  5. 

2.  Echinodorus  cordifolius  lanceolatus  (Engelm.),  p.  10. 

3.  Muhleribergia  polystachya,  p.  23. 

4.  Hystrix  elymoides,  p.  39. 

5.  Irisfoliosa,  p.  63. 


ACKNOWLEDGMENT  xi 

6.  Salix  cordata  Missouriensis  (Bebh),  p.  69. 

7.  Chenopodium  album  Berlandieri  (Moq. ),  p.  80. 

8.  Portulaca  neglecta,  p   86. 

9.  Crataegus  Mackenzii  Sarg.,  p.  108. 

10.  Prunuslanata  (Sudw.),  p.  109. 

11.  Lespedeza  Manniana,  p.  118. 

12.  Lespedeza  acuticarpa,  p.  118. 

13.  Lespedeza  violacea  prairea,  p.  118. 

14.  Oenothera  strigosa  (Rydb.),  p.  139. 

15.  Convolvulus  sepium  fraterniflorus,  p.  153. 

16.  Physalis  Missouriensis^  p.  167. 

17.  Physalis  subglabrata,  p.  167. 

18.  Lobelia  spicata  leptostachys  (A.  DC),  p.  183. 

19.  Vernonia  interior  Drummondii  (Shuttlw. ),  p.  190. 

20.  Vernonia  interior  Baldwinii  (Torr. ),  p.  191. 

21.  Solidago  longipetiolata,  p.  194. 

22.  Aster  parviceps  (Burgess),  p.  196. 

Descriptions  of  the  species  of  Lespedeza  indicated  as  new  appeared  in 
"  Transactions  of  the  Academy  of  Science  of  St.  Louis,"  Vol.  XII.,  No.  2, 
issued  March  19,  1902,  and  descriptions  of  several  other  species  here  in- 
dicated as  new  were  published  in  Vol.  XII.,  No.  7,  of  the  same  Trans- 
actions after  the  portion  of  this  work  containing  these  species  had  been 
printed. 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. 

IN  closing  this  work  I  wish  to  acknowledge  my  indebtedness  to  several 
gentlemen  without  whose  assistance  it  would  not  have  been  possible  in  its 
present  form.  I  have  had  the  benefit  of  all  of  Mr.  B.  F.  Bush's  and  Rev. 
Cameron  Mann's  notes  and  observations  made  in  this  county  and  extend- 
ing over  the  last  twenty  years,  as  well  as  of  the  large  botanical  knowledge 
possessed  by  both  these  gentlemen.  Quite  a  number  of  the  species  included 
herein  rest  solely  on  their  authority,  as  do  also  a  large  number  of  the 
localities  given  for  other  species.  Mr.  Bush's  assistance  has  been  so  great 
that  it  is  but  his  due  to  associate  his  name  with  the  authorship  of  this 
work.  This  has  accordingly  been  done.  Many  others,  especially  Mr. 
William  Nelson,  of  the  Kansas  City  Star,  have  taken  an  active  interest 
in  the  publication  of  this  work  and  to  these  my  hearty  thanks  are  hereby 
extended.  Thanks  are  further  due  to  distinguished  botanists  through- 
out the  United  States  who  have  on  many  occasions  named  plants  sent  to 
them  both  by  myself  and  by  Mr.  Bush.  I  wish  also  to  especially  thank 
Professor  N.  L.  Britton  and  his  assistants  in  charge  of  the  New  York  Botan- 
ical Garden  for  the  use  of  the  facilities  afforded  by  that  institution,  and 
for  assistance  in  many  difficult  genera.  KENNETH  K.  MACKENZIE. 

KANSAS  CITY,  MISSOURI, 
June  10,  1902. 


xii  ACKNOWLEDGMENT 

SYMBOLS   USED. 

The  degree  mark  (°)  is  used  after  figures  to  indicate  feet. 
The  minute  mark  (')  is  used  after  figures  to  indicate  inches. 
The  second  mark  ("}  is  used  after  figures  to  indicate  lines,  or  twelfths 
of  an  inch. 


KEY  TO  THE  FAMILIES 


xiii 


KEY   TO   THE   FAMILIES. 


Plants  without  flowers  or  seeds,  but  with  spores 

which  are  borne  in  sporanges. 
Plants  not  aquatic  and  leaves  not  linear  and 


Sporanges  in  terminal  spikes  or  panicles  or 

on  the  back  of  a  leaf. 
Fronds  erect  in  vernation. 
Fronds  circinate  in  vernation. 
Sporanges  opening  vertically. 
Sporanges  opening  transversely 
Sporanges   beneath  scales  in  a  terminal 

spike. 

Plants  small  floating  aquatics. 

Plants  with  the  leaves  all  linear  and  basal.  ISOKTACEAE,  6. 
Plants  with  flowers  and  seeds. 
Ovules  naked. 

Ovules  enclosed  in  an  ovary. 
Seed  with  one  cotyledon  ;  stems  not  differ- 
entiated  into     pith,    wood    and  bark  ; 
leaves  usually  parallel- veined.  I. 

Seeds  with  two  cotyledons  ;  stems  differ- 
entiated into  pith,  wood  and  bark  ; 
leaves  usually  netted-veined.  II. 


OPHIOGLOSSACEAE,  1. 

OSMUNDACEAE,  2. 
POLYPODIACEAE,  2. 

EQUISETACEAE,  6. 
SALVINIACEAE,  5. 


PlNACEAE,  7. 


I. 

Carpels  one  or  more,  distinct. 
Plants  with  true  leaves. 
Perianth  of  bristles  or  scales. 
Flowers  in  terminal  spikes. 
Flowers  in  terminal  round  heads. 
Perianth  corolla-like. 

Leaves  with  parallel  veins. 
Carpels  one-four. 
Carpels  numerous. 
Leaves  with  netted  veins. 
Perianth  none ;   flowers  in  the  axils  of 

chaffy  scales. 
Glumes  one  for  each  flower  ;  fruit  an 

achene  ;  stems  solid. 
Glumes  two  for  each  flower  ;  fruit  a 

grain  ;  stems  usually  hollow. 
Perianth  none  ;  flowers  not  in  the  axils 

of  chaffy  scales. 

Minute  floating  plants  with  no  leaves. 
Carpels  united  into  a  compound  ovary. 
Ovary  superior. 
Perianth  segments  all  green. 
Herbs. 
Climbing  vines. 


TYPHACEAE,  7. 
SPARGANIACEAE,  8. 


NAIADACEAE,  8. 
ALISMACEAE,  9. 
ARACEAE,  54. 


CYPERACEAE,  39. 
GRAMINEAE,  11. 

ARACEAE,  54. 
LEMNACEAE,  54. 


JUNCACEAE,  57. 
SMILACEAE,  62. 


xiv 


KEY  TO  THE  FAMILIES 


Outer  perianth  segments  green  ;  inner 

colored. 

Petals  ephemeral. 
Petals  withering-persistent. 
Perianth  segments  all  colored. 
Flowers  irregular  or  perfect ;  stamens 

only  three. 

Flowers  regular  ;  stamens  six. 
Flowers  not  perfect. 
Flowers  perfect. 
Fruit  a  capsule. 
Fruit  a  berry. 
Ovary  inferior. 
Aquatic  herbs. 

Not  aquatics  ;  flowers  regular. 
Stamens  six  ;  herbs. 
Stamens  six  ;  vines. 
Stamens  three. 
Not  aquatics  ;  flowers  irregular. 


Petals  if  present  not  united. 

Petals  none. 

Petals  present. 
Petals  present,  more  or  less  united. 


II. 


COMMELINACEAK,  55. 
CONVALLARIACEAE,  61. 


PONTEDERIACEAE,  56. 

MELANTHACEAE,  58. 

LILIACEAE,  58. 
CONVALLARIACEAE,  61. 

VALLISNERIACEAE,  11. 
AMARYLLIDACEAE,  62. 

DlOSCOREACEAE,  63. 

IRIDACEAE,  63. 
ORCHIDACEAE,  64. 


A. 
B. 
C. 


A. 

Aquatic  herbs. 
Leaves  whorled,  dissected. 
Leaves  opposite,  entire. 
Trees  or  shrubs. 
Some  of  the  flowers  in  aments. 
Leaves  odd-pinnate. 
Leaves  simple. 
Calyx  none. 
Calyx  present. 

Pistillate  flowers  in  aments  or  capi- 
tate. 

Fruit  a  nut. 
Fruit  berry-like. 
Pistillate  flowers  not  in  aments  and 

not  capitate. 
Flowers  not  in  aments. 
Leaves  pinnate  ;  plants  prickly. 
Leaves  pinnate  ;  plants  not  prickly. 
Stamens  usually  two. 
Stamens  four-twelve. 
Leaves  not  pinnate. 
Leaves  opposite. 

Leaves  alternate  ;  sap  not  milky. 
Leaves  alternate  ;  sap  milky. 
Herbs  or  vines. 
Ovary  inferior. 
Ovary  1-celled. 
Ovary  4- eel  led. 
Ovary  6-celled. 


CERATOPHYLLACEAE,   8 
CALLITRICHACEAE,  126. 


JUGLANDACEAE,  66. 
SALICACEAE,  67. 


BETULACEAE,  69. 
MORACEAE,  72. 

FAGACEAE,  70. 
EUTACEAE,  122. 

OLEACEAE,  148. 
ACERACEAE,  128. 

ACERACEAE,  128. 
ULMACEAE,  71. 
MORACEAE,  72. 


SANTALACEAE,  74. 
ONAGRACEAE,  138. 
ARISTOLOCHIACEAE,  75. 


KEY  TO  THE  FAMILIES 


xv 


Ovary  superior. 
Ovaries  many. 

Ovary  one,  10-celled,  10-ovuled. 
Ovary  one,  5-celled,  5-horned. 
Ovary  one,  4  celled,  4-ovuled. 
Ovary  one,  3-celled,  3-ovuled. 
Ovary     one,     2-several-celled,     many- 

ovuled. 

Leaves  verticillate. 
Leaves  not  verticillate. 
Ovary  one,  1-celled,  many-ovuled. 
Ovary  one,  1-ovuled. 
Vines  or  herbs  with  compound  leaves. 
Herbs  with  simple  leaves  and  sheath- 
ing stipules. 
Herbs  with  simple  leaves ;  stipules  not 

sheathing. 

Several  flowers  together  and   sur- 
rounded by  a  5-lobed  bract. 
Flowers    surrounded    by    scarious 

bracts. 

Bracts  if  present  not  scarious. 
Style  and  stigma  one  ;  flowers 

not  perfect. 

Styles  or  stigmas  two-three. 
Leaves  alternate. 
Leaves  opposite. 

B. 

Ovary  superior. 
Ovary  inferior. 

1. 

Corolla  irregular. 
Stamens  more  than  ten. 
Stamens  ten  or  less. 
Ovary  one-celled  and  with  one  parietal 

placenta. 
Upper  petal  enclosed  by  the  lateral  in 

the  bud. 
Lateral  petals  enclosed  by  the  upper  in 

the  bud. 
Ovary  1-celled  and  with  two  parietal 

placentae. 
Ovary  1-celled  and  with  three  parietal 

placentae. 

Ovary  2-celled,  2-ovuled. 
Ovary  2-celled,  several-ovuled. 
Leaves  simple. 
Leaves  pinnate. 
Ovary  3-celled,  6-ovuled. 
Ovary  5-celled,  several  ovuled. 
Corolla  regular. 
Stamens  more  than   ten  and   more  than 

twice  the  divisions  of  the  corolla. 
Pistils  few-many. 

Imbedded  in  pits  in  the  receptacle. 
On  the  receptacle. 
Stamens  on  the  receptacle. 


EANUNCULACEAE,  90. 
PHYTOLACCACEAE,  84. 
CRASSULACEAE,  102. 
CALLITRICHACEAE,  126. 

EUPHORBIACEAE,  122. 


AlZOACEAE,  85. 

LYTHRACEAE,  136. 
CARYOPHYLLACEAE,  86. 

MORACEAE,  72. 

POLYGONACEAE,  75. 


NYCTAGINACEAE,  84. 
AMARANTHACEAE,  82. 

URTICACEAE,  73. 

CHENOPODIACEAE,  79. 
CARYOPHYLLACEAE,  86. 

1. 
2. 

EANUNCULACEAE,  90. 


CAESALPINIACEAE,  110. 
PAPILIONACEAE,  111. 
PAPAVERACEAE,  95. 

VIOLACEAE,  134. 
POLYGALACEAE,  122. 

LYTHRACEAE,  136. 
PAPILIONACEAE,  111. 

HlPPOCASTANACEAE,    128. 

BALSAMINACEAE,  129. 


NYMPHAEACEAE,  89. 


XVI 


KEY  TO  THE  FAMILIES 


Small  trees. 
Herbs  or  vines. 
Stamens  on  the  calyx. 
Pistil  one. 
Vines. 
Trees. 

Stamens  not  in  clusters. 
Stamens  in  clusters. 
Herbs  with  black-dotted  leaves. 
Herbs  with  dotless  leaves. 
Ovary  3-celled. 
Ovary  5-many- celled. 
Ovary  1-celled,  with  parietal  pla- 
centae. 

With  one  parietal  placenta. 
Fruit  not  pulpy. 
Fruit  pulpy. 

With  more  than  one  parietal  pla- 
centa. 

Sepals  two  or  three. 
Sepals  four. 
Sepals  five. 

Ovary  1-celled  ;  placenta  central. 
Stamens  ten  or  less,  or  if  more,  never  more 
than  twice  as  many  as  the  divisions  of 
the  corolla. 

Ovary  or  ovaries  not  compound. 
Ovules  on  a  free  central  placenta. 
Sepals  two. 
Sepals  four  or  five. 

Stamens  not  opposite  the  petals. 
Stamens  opposite  the  petals. 
Ovules  not  on  a  free  central  placenta. 
Trees  with  angulately  lobed  leaves. 
Trees  with  compound  leaves. 
Herbs. 
Stamens  on  the  receptacle. 

Anthers  not  opening  by  valves. 
Anthers  opening  by  valves. 
Stamens  on  the  calyx. 
Ovaries  more  than  one. 
Plants  fleshy. 
Plants  not  fleshy. 
Ovary  one. 

Flowers  in  globular  heads. 
Flowers  not  in  heads. 
Ovary  compound  as  shown  by  the  num- 
ber of  cells,  placentae  or  styles. 
Woody  plants. 
Stamens  ten. 
Stamens  four  or  five,  alternate  with 

the  petals. 
Leaves  simple. 
Leaves  compound. 

Fruit  bladdery -inflated. 
Fruit  a  small  drupe. 
Stamens  four  or  five,  opposite  the 
petals. 


ANONACEAE,  90. 
RANUNCULACEAE,  90. 
ROSACEAE,  104. 

MENISPERMACEAE,  95. 

DRUPACEAE,  109. 
TILIACEAE,  131. 
HYPERICACEAE,  133. 

EUPHORBIACEAE,  122. 
MALVACEAE,  131. 


RANUNCULACEAE,  90. 
BERBERIDACEAE,  94. 


PAPAVERACEAE,  95. 
CAPPARIDACEAE,  102. 
CISTACEAE,  134. 
PORTULACACEAE,  85. 


PORTULACACEAE,  85. 

CARYOPHYLLACEAE,  86. 
PRIMULACEAE,  146. 

PLATANACEAE,  103. 
CAESALPINIACEAE,  110. 


RANUNCULACEAE,  90. 
BERBERIDACEAE,  94. 


CRASSULACEAE,  102. 
ROSACEAE,  104. 

MIMOSACEAE,  110. 
CAESALPINIACEAE,  110. 


SlMARUBACEAE,  122. 


CELASTRACEAE,  127. 

STAPHYLEACEAE,  127. 
ANACARDIACEAE,  126. 


KEY  TO  THE  FAMILIES 


xvn 


Climbing  vines. 
Shrubs. 
Herbs. 
Ovary  1-celled,  with  a  free  central 

placenta. 
Ovary   1-celled,    with  two    parietal 

placentae. 
Ovary   1-celled  with  three  parietal 

placentae. 

Ovary   2-celled,    with   two    parietal 
placentae. 
Capsule  not  beaked. 
Capsule  strongly  two-beaked. 
Ovary  2-10-celled. 

Leaves  palmately  compound. 
Leaves  3  foliolate. 
Leaves  pinnately  compound. 
Leaves  simple. 
Ovary  3-celled,  3-ovuled. 
Ovary  2-4-celled,  many-ovuled. 
Stamens  two  or  three. 
Stamens  four  or  more. 
Ovary  4-10-celled. 
Capsule  5  beaked. 
Capsule  not  beaked. 


VlTACEAE,  130. 

RHAMNACKAK,  129. 


CAEYOPHYLLACEAE,  86. 
CAPPARIDACEAE,  102. 
HYPERICACEAE,  133. 


CRUCIFERAE,  96. 
SAXIFRAGACEAE,  103. 

GERANIACEAE,  120. 
OXALIDACEAE,  120. 
ZYGOPHYLLACEAE,  121. 

EUPHORBIACEAE,  122. 

ELATINACEAE,  133. 
LYTHRACEAE,  136. 

CRASSULACEAE,  102. 
LINACEAE,  121. 


2. 

Woody  plants. 
Style  one. 
Styles  two  or  more. 

Fruit  1-celled,  mauy-ovuled. 

Fruit  1-5-celled,  with  1-2  ovules  in  each 

cell. 
Herbs. 

Stems  flat,  jointed,  very  prickly. 
Stems  not  flat,  jointed  and  prickly. 
Climbing  vines. 
Not  climbing. 
Stamens  very  numerous. 
Stamens  12  or  fewer. 

Ovary  several-many-ovuled. 

Aquatic  herbs    with    submerged 

leaves  dissected. 
Not  aquatic  herbs  with  submerged 

leaves  dissected. 
Calyx  tube  adherent  to  base  of 

ovary. 

Calyx  tube  adherent  to  ovary. 
Ovary  2-5-ovuled. 
Fruit  dry. 
Fruit  berry-like. 


CORNACEAE,  145. 
GROSSULARIACEAE,  103. 
POMACEAE,  107. 
CACTACEAE,  136. 
CUCURBITACEAE,  188. 
LOASACEAE,  136. 

HALORAGIDACEAE,  140. 


LYTHRACEAE,  135. 
ONAGRACEAE,  138. 

UMBELLTFERAE,  141. 
ARALIACEAE,  141. 


Ovary  superior. 
Ovary  inferior 


C. 


XViil  KEY  TO  THE  FAMILIES 

1. 

Corolla  irregular. 
Ovary  1- eel  led. 

Stamens  six,  diadelphous.  PAPAVERACEAE,  95. 

Stamens  ten.  PAPILIONACEAE,  111. 

Stamens  two  to  four. 

Aquatics.  LENTIBULARIACEAE,  174. 

Leafless  herbs.  OROBANCHACEAE,  174. 

Leafy  herbs.  MARTYNIACEAE,  175. 

Ovary  2-celled,  2-seeded.  VERBENACEAE,  158. 

Ovary  2-celled,  four-many-seeded. 

Stamens  six  or  eight.  POLYGALACEAE,  122. 

Stamens  two,  four  or  five. 

Woody  plants.  BIGNONIACEAE,  175. 

Herbs. 

Seeds    borne  on    hook-like    projec- 
tions. ACANTHACEAE,  176. 
Seeds  not  borne  on  hook -like  projec- 
tions. SCROPHULARIACEAE,  169. 
Ovary  4-celled  or  deeply  4-parted. 

Stamens  five.  BORAGINACEAE,  156. 

Stamens  two  or  four. 

Ovary  four-celled.  VERBENACEAE,  158. 

Ovary  deeply  four-lobed.  LABIATAE,  159. 

Corolla  regular. 
Herbs. 

Ovaries  two,  distil  ct. 

Pollen  simple.  APOCYNACEAE,  149. 

Pollen  united  into  waxy  masses.  ASCLEPIADACEAE,  150. 

Ovary  deeply  4-lobed  around  a  common 

style. 

Stamens  five.  BORAGINACEAE,  156. 

Stamens  two  or  four.  LABIATAE,  159. 

Ovary  4-celled,  4-ovuled.  VERBENACEAE,  158. 

Ovary  5-celled. 

Leafless  saprophytes.  MONOTROPACEAE,  145. 

Plants  with  trifoliolate  leaves.  OXALIDACEAE,  120. 

Ovary  1-celled  ;  style  and  stigmas  one. 

With  one  parietal  placenta.  MIMOSACEAE,  110. 

With  a  central  placenta.  PRIMULACEAE,  146. 

Ovary  1-celled  ;  stigma  2-lobed. 
Ovules  many. 

Leaves  opposite  ;  plants  glabrous.  GENTIANACEAE,  148. 
Leaves  opposite  ;  plants  not  glabrous.  MARTYNIACEAE,  175. 
Leaves  alternate,  deeply-lobed.  HYDROPHYLLACEAE,  155. 

Ovule  one.  PHRYMACEAE,  176. 

Ovary  3  celled.  POLEMONIACEAE,  154. 

Ovary  2-celled. 

Leafless  parasitic  vines.  CUSCUTACEAE,  153. 

Herbaceous  vines.  CONVOLVULACEAE,  152. 

Ordinary  herbs. 

Corolla  scarious.  PLANTAGINACEAE,  177. 

Corolla  not  scarious. 

Ovules  borne  on  hooks.  ACANTHACEAE,  176. 

Ovules  not  borne  on  hooks. 

Fruit  a  berry  or  prickly  capsule.  SOLANACEAE,  166. 
Fruit  a  capsule.  SCROPHULARIACEAE,  169. 


KEY  TO  THE  FAMILIES 


xix 


Woody  plants. 

Ovary  4-several-celled  ;  fruit  a  berry. 
Ovary  2-celled  ;  fruit  a  capsule. 


EBENACEAE, 

BlGNONIACEAE,  175. 


2. 

Flowers  uot  in  involucrate  heads. 
Stamens  fewer  than  the  corolla  lobes. 
Stamens  as  many  as  or  more  than  the  lobes 

of  the  corolla. 
Herbaceous  vines. 
Herbs  or  woody  plants. 
Leaves  alternate. 
Leaves  opposite  or  whorled. 
Fruit  dry. 
Fruit  fleshy. 

Flowers  in  involucrate  heads. 
Flowers  all  ligulate. 
Flowers  not  all  ligulate. 
Stamens  distinct. 
Flowers  greenish. 
Flowers  white. 
Stamens  united  by  their  anthers. 


VALERIANACEAE,  181. 

CUCURBITACEAE,  181. 

CAMPANULACEAE,  182. 

RUBIACEAE,  178. 
CAPEIFOLIACEAE,  179. 

ClCHORIACEAE,  183. 


AMBROSIACEAE,  186. 
COMPOSITAE  ( Kuhnia),  188. 
COMPOSITAE,  188. 


FLORA 

OF 

JACKSON  COUNTY,  MISSOURI. 


Subkingdom  PTERIDOPHYTA. 

Spore-bearing  plants  containing  woody  tissue.  Spore  on  germination 
forming  a  flat  green  body  (prothallus),  on  which  are  borne  the  sexual1 
organs,  the  antherids  producing  spermatozoids,  and  the  archegones 
oospheres.  From  the  fertilization  of  the  latter  by  the  former  the  spore- 
bearing  stage  is  developed. 

FAMILY  1.     OPHIOGLOSSACEAE  Presl. 

Sterile  and  fertile  portions  of  frond  dissimilar,  erect  in  vernation. 
Sporangia  in  spikes  or  panicles,  opening  by  a  transverse  slit.  Spores 
numerous. 

Sterile  portion  of  frond  entire.  1.  OPHIOGLOSSUM. 

Sterile  portion  of  frond  divided.  2.  BOTRYCHIUM. 

1.     OPHIOGLOSSUM  L. 

Low  plants  from  fleshy  rootstocks.  Sporangia  coherent  in  two  ranks 
on  edge  of  simple  spike-like  fertile  portion  of  frond.  Sterile  portion 
leaf-like,  with  numerous  anastomosing  veinlets. 

1.  O.  Engelmanni  Prantl.  ADDER'S-TONGUE.  Eootstock  deep- 
seated  :  sterile  segment  ovate  to  elliptic-oblong,  mucronate,  2/-3/  long  : 
fertile  segment  about  V  long,  borne  on  a  stalk  2/-4/  long. — In  large  colo- 
nies in  thin  soil  on  limestone  ledges  throughout  the  southern  portion. 
June,  July. 

2.     BOTRYCHIUM  Sw. 

Fertile  portion  of  frond  panicled.  Sporangia  separate  and  distinct. 
Sterile  portion  much  divided,  fern-like. 

Sterile  frond  thin  ;  the  ultimate  segments  cut-toothed 

at  apex.  1.  B.  Virginianum. 

Sterile  frond  thick  ;  the  ultimate  segments  denticu- 
late. 2.  B.  obliquum. 

1.  B.  Virginianum  (L.)  Sw.     EATTLE-SNAKE  FERN.     Fronds  6'-30 
high  :   sterile  segment  sessile,  borne  above  the  middle  of  the  plant,  tri- 
angular in  outline,  ternate,  with  divisions  once  to  twice  pinnaiifid. — 
Eather  frequent  in  rich  woods  throughout.     May,  June. 
1  1 


2  POLYPODIACEAE 

2.  B.  obliquum  Muhl.  GRAPE  FERN.  8/-12/  high  :  roots  very 
fleshy  :  sterile  portion  of  frond  long-stalked  from  near  base  of  plant,  ter- 
nate  :  primary  segments  once  or  twice  pinnatifid  :  ultimate  segments 
stalked,  obliquely  lanceolate. — Five  plants  in  rich  woods  along  the  base 
of  the  Missouri  River  bluffs  in  two  stations  near  Sibley.  Fall. 

FAMILY  2.     OSMUNDACEAE  K.  Br. 

Differs  from  POLYPODIACEAE  in  the  sporangia  having  no  elastic  ring 
or  very  slight  traces  of  one.  Sterile  and  fertile  portions  of  frond  very 
dissimilar.  Fertile  pinnae  much  contracted,  bearing  the  sporangia  on 
the  margins  of  the  narrow  segments. 

1.     OSMUNDA  L. 

Tall  ferns  growing  in  large  clumps  from  thick  rootstocks. 

1.  O.  Claytoniana  L.  FLOWERING  FERN.  Fronds  2°-4°  high,  fer- 
tile in  the  middle  ;  fertile  pinnae  2-5  pairs,  brownish  at  maturity,  soon 
withering  away  :  sterile  pinnae  lanceolate  in  outline,  deeply  cleft  into 
oblong  segments. — Occurs  sparingly  in  moist  sandy  woods  in  the  vicinity 
of  Sibley.  May-June. 

FAMILY  3.    POLYPODIACEAE  R.  Br. 

Sporangia  having  an  elastic  ring  which  splits  open  and  discharges  the 
spores.  Sporangia  borne  in  clusters  (sori)  on  the  back  or  margins  of  the 
frond.  Rootstocks  usually  slender  and  horizontal.  Sori  covered  by  an 
indusium,  or  naked. 

Sterile  and  fertile  fronds  very  dissimilar.  1.  ONOCLEA. 

Sterile  and  fertile  fronds  similar. 

Indusium  formed  of  margin  of  frond. 

Indusium  continuous  around  each  segment.  10.  PELLAEA. 

Indusium  not  continuous  around  each  segment.      9.  ADIANTUM. 
Indusium    not  formed  from    the   frond    margin. 

Fronds  white  and   powdery  on    lower  surface.     11.  NOTHOLAENA. 
Fronds  not  white  and  powdery  on  lower  sur- 
face. 
Sori  linear  in  outline. 

Fronds  entire,  rooting  at  apex.  6.  CAMPTOSORUS. 

Fronds  pinnate. 

Sori  straight.  8.  ASPLENIUM. 

Sori  curved.  7.  ATHYRIUM. 

Sori  round  or  roundish. 

Fronds  evergreen.  4.  POLYSTICHUM. 

Bog  herbs.  5.  DRYOPTERIS. 

Fronds  not  evergreen  and  plants  not  grow- 
ing in  bogs. 
Stipes  chaffy  ;  fronds  grandular-puberu-      2.  WOODSIA. 

lent. 
Stipes  almost  smooth  :    fronds    smooth.      3.   FILIX. 


POLYPODIACEAE 


1.     ONOCLEA  L. 

Sporanges  pedicelled,  forming  round  sori,  covered  by  the  membranous 
indusia,  which  are  attached  to  the  lower  side  of  the  sori.  Fertile  fronds 
much  contracted,  the  sterile  leaf-like. 

1.  O.  sensibilis  L.  SENSITIVE  FERN.  Sterile  frond  triangular  in 
outline,  pinnatifid  into  lanceolate  more  or  less  sinuate-pinnatifid  seg- 
ments: fertile  fronds  bipinnate:  pinnae  roundish. — Rather  rare  in  swampy 
woods.  Near  Independence,  Lake  City,  Courtney  and  Sibley.  August- 
October. 

2.     WOODSIA  R.  Br. 

Sori  borne  on  the  back  of  the  veins.  Indusium  attached  by  the  base 
all  around  the  receptacle,  early  bursting  at  the  top  into  irregular  lobes. 

1.  W.  obtusa  (Spreng.)  Torr.  CHAFFY  FERN.  Fronds  numerous, 
4/-12/  long,  lanceolate  in  outline  :  pinnae  triangular-ovate,  pinnately 
parted  with  oblong  irregularly  cut-toothed  segments  :  indusium  splitting 
into  5-7  broad  segments  acutely  jagged  at  the  apex. — Frequent  through- 
out the  county  on  rocks.  June-August. 

3.     FILIX  Adans. 

Delicate  ferns  with  pinnate  leaves  and  round  sori  borne  on  the  back  of 
the  veins.  Indusium  hood-shaped,  attached  by  the  base  on  the  inner 
side,  i.  e.,  towards  the  middle  of  the  frond,  soon  withering  away. 

1.  P.  fragilis  (L. )  Underw.  WOOD  FERN.  Stipe  almost  glabrous, 
2X-8X  long,  from  a  slender  rootstock  :  frond  about  as  long  as  stipe,  broadly 
lanceolate  in  outline  :  pinnae  triangular-ovate,  irregularly  pinnatifid,  the 
pinnules  cut-toothed  :  indusium  acute  at  the  free  apex. — Our  most  com- 
mon fern,  abundant  in  rocky  woods.  Late  fruiting  plants  growing  on 
shaded  rocks  occasionally  develop  a  few  chaffy  bulblets  in  the  axils  of  the 
pinnae.  Such  forms  have  been  found  at  Swope  Park,  along  Brush  Creek, 
and  near  Courtney.  May-September. 

4.     POLYSTICHUM  Roth. 

Fronds  pinnate,  bearing  round  sori  on  the  back  of  the  veins.  Indusium 
flattish,  orbicular  and  peltate,  fixed  by  the  center. 

1.  P.  acrostichoides  (Michx.)  Schott.  CHRISTMAS  FERN.  Stipes 
densely  chaffy  from  a  stout  rootstock  :  fronds  lO'-SO'  long,  simply  pin- 
nate, the  rachis  chaffy  :  pinnae  slightly  stalked,  linear-lanceolate,  serru- 
late with  bristly  teeth,  very  oblique  at  base  :  sori  borne  on  the  upper 
part  of  the  fertile  fronds,  confluent :  indusium  orbicular  and  peltate, 
fixed  by  the  depressed  center. — In  rocky  woods  along  the  Missouri  River 
bluffs.  Not  common.  July-October. 


4  POLYPODIACEAE 

5.  DRYOPTERIS  Adans. 

Differs  from  the  last  genus  chiefly  in  having  the  cordate-reniform  or 
orbicular  indusium  fixed  by  the  sinus. 

1.  D.  Thelypteris  (L.)  A.  Gray.  BOG  FERN.  Eootstooks  slender, 
long,  creeping,  black  :  stipe  smooth,  9/-20/  high  :  frond  9/-12/  long, 
pinnate  and  slightly  downy  :  pinnae  1/-2'  long,  long-lanceolate  in  out- 
line, pinnatifid  into  oblong  lobes,  each  pinna  bearing  from  10-18  sori  : 
veinlets  forking  :  indusium  reniforni. — In  a  bog  along  the  foot  of  the 
bluffs  about  two  miles  west  of  Sibley.  July-August. 

6.  CAMPTOSORUS  Link. 

Low  spreading  ferns  with  undulate-margined  fronds  and  linear  sori 
which  are  irregularly  scattered  on  either  side  of  the  reticulated  veinlets. 
Indusium  fixed  lengthwise  to  the  veinlet. 

1.  C.  rhizophyllus  (L. )  Link.  WALKING  FERN.  Fronds  ever- 
green, thick,  cordate  at  base,  gradually  narrowing  into  a  long,  slender 
tip,  which  takes  root  and  forms  a  new  plant  :  sori  numerous. — In  dense 
patches  on  moss-covered  rocks  in  shady  woods  throughout,  but  nowhere 
common.  June-October. 

7.     ATHYRIUM  Roth. 

Fronds  twice  pinnate  with  oblong  or  linear  sori  oblique  to  the  midvein. 
Indusia  curved,  fixed  lengthwise  to  inner  side  of  vein. 

1.  A.  Filix  foemina  (L. )  Roth.  LADY  FERN.  Fronds  numerous, 
from  a  rather  stout  rootstock,  8/-30/  long,  oblong-lanceolate  with  about 
twenty  pairs  of  long-lanceolate  pinnae  :  pinnae  once  pinnatifid,  the,  seg- 
ments incised. — A  handsome  symmetrical  fern,  locally  common  in  sandy 
woods  west  of  Sibley.  June-August. 

8.     ASPLENIUM  L. 

Fronds  once  pinnate.  Sori  linear  or  oblong,  oblique  to  the  midvein. 
Indusia  straight,  fixed  lengthwise  to  inner  side  of  vein. 

Pinnae  entire  :  l°-4°  high.  1.  A.  angustifoUum. 
Pinnae  variously  incised  :  low  ferns. 

Sori  few,  not  crowded.  2.  A.  parvulum. 

Sori  numerous,  crowded.  3.  A.  platyneuron. 

1.  A.    angustifolium    Michx.     TALL    SPLEENWORT.     2°-4°     high  : 
pinnae  20-40  pairs,  long-lanceolate,  acuminate  :  sori  crowded,  covering 
the  lower  surface  of  the  pinnae. — Frequent  in  rich  woods  along  the  Mis- 
souri River  bluffs,  especially  west  of  Sibley.     August-September. 

2.  A.  parvulum  Mart.  &  Gal.     SMALL  SPLEENWORT.     Stipes  tufted, 
black,  short  :   fronds  oblong-linear,   4/-12/  long  :  pinnae  3//-5//  long, 
oblong,  crenulate,  auricled  on  the  upper  side  :  fruit  dots  one  to  seven 
pairs  on  each  pinna,  midway  between  the-  midvein  and  the  margin. — A 
few  plants  were  found  in  1884  in  a  thicket  on  the  bluffs  near  Courtney. 
The  station  has  since  been  destroyed.     June-October. 


SALVINIACEAE  5 

3.  A.  platyneuron  (L.)  Oakes.  EBONY  SPLEENWORT.  Resembles 
the  last,  but  with  thinner  and  longer  pinnae  :  sori  4-12  pairs,  rather 
crowded,  nearer  the  midrib  than  the  margin — On  mossy  rocks  on  the 
bluffs  at  Courtney.  Two  stations,  one  of  which  has  been  destroyed. 
There  are  but  few  plants  at  the  other.  July-November. 

9.     ADIANTUM  L. 

Fronds  much  divided.  Sori  marginal,  covered  by  a  reflexed  and  altered 
portion  of  the  pinnule,  which  serves  as  an  indusium. 

1.  A.  pedatum  L.  MAIDEN  HAIR  FERN.  A  very  graceful  fern,  9'-20' 
high  :  fronds  reniform  in  outline,  forking  at  the  top  of  the  dark  stipe, 
each  fork  with  3-7  radiating  pinnae,  each  pinna  with  from  10-40  alter- 
nate, stalked  pinnules :  pinnules  broadly  triangular,  entire  along  lower 
margin,  upper  margin  more  or  less  cleft :  sori  usually  five  to  each  pin- 
nule, borne  along  the  upper  margin. — Rather  common  in  rich  woods. 
July-November. 

10.     PELLAEA  Link. 

Sori  marginal,  at  length  forming  a  continuous  marginal  line,  and 
covered  by  the  reflexed  portion  of  the  frond,  which  serves  as  the 
indusium. 

1.  P.  atropurpurea  (L.)  Link.  CLIFF  BRAKE.  2/-12/  high:  root- 
stock  densely  chaffy  :  stipe  and  rachis  purplish -black,  usually  strongly 
puberulent :  fronds  coriaceous,  twice  pinnate,  ovate-lanceolate  in  outline  : 
pinnules  3//-12//  long,  oblong-linear,  crenulate. — Rather  common  on 
limestone  rocks.  June-September. 

Var.  Bushii  Mackenzie,  n.  var.  Stipe  and  rachis  brownish-red,  but 
slightly  hairy  :  fronds  thinnish,  simply  pinnate  above,  the  lower  pinnae 
ternate  or  rarely  quinate. — Dry  rocks  at  Swope  Park. 

11.  NOTHOLAENA  R.  Br. 

Fronds  pinnate.  Sori  roundish,  marginal,  at  first  covered  with  the 
inflexed  margin  of  the  pinnules,  but  with  no  proper  indusium. 

1.  N.  nivea  dealbata  (Pursh)  Davenp.  POWDERY  CLIFF  BRAKE. 
A  small,  densely  tufted  fern,  1/-4'  high  :  stipe,  rachis  and  branches 
brown  and  shining  :  fronds  triangular-ovate  in  outline,  3-4-pinnate  : 
ultimate  segments  \"  long,  usually  entire. — In  clefts  of  limestone  rocks 
throughout  the  western  and  southern  parts.  Not  uncommon.  June- 
September. 

FAMILY  4.     SALVINIACEAE  Reichenb. 

Small  floating  plants  with  elongated,  often  branching  axis  and  two- 
ranked  leaves,  having  two  or  more  thin-walled,  1 -celled  sporocarps  on  a 
common  stalk.  Sporocarps  with  a  central  receptacle  bearing  macrospo- 
ranges  containing  one  macrospore,  or  microsporanges  containing  numerous 
microspores. 


6  ISOETACEAE 

1.    AZOLLA  Lam. 

Minute  moss-like  water  plants  with  pinnately  branching  stems  and 
imbricated  leaves.  Sporocarps  of  two  kinds,  in  pairs  in  the  axils. 

1.  A.  Caroliniana  Willd.  Plants  reddish  or  greenish,  6"  or  less 
high  :  leaves  minute,  with  ovate  lobes  at  the  base. — In  ponds  at  Ather- 
ton,  Lake  City  and  Sibley.  Common  at  times.  July-October. 

FAMILY  5.    EQUISETACEAE  Michx. 

Rush-like  often  branching  herbs,  with  hollow,  jointed,  striate  stems, 
bearing  sheaths  at  the  joints.  Sporanges  1-celled,  borne  underneath  the 
shield-shaped  scales  of  the  terminal  cone-like  spike.  Spores  all  similar, 
numerous,  each  provided  with  four  ligule-like  appendages. 

1.     EQUISETUM  L. 

Characters  of  the  family. 

Stems  1J°  or  less  high. 

Sheaths  of  sterile  stems  4-toothed.  1.  E.  arvense. 

Sheaths  of  sterile  stems  5-10-toothed.  2.  E.  variegatum. 
Stems  2°-10°  high. 

Stems  slender.  3.  E.  hyemale. 

Stems  robust.  4.  E.  robustum. 

1.  E.  arvense  L.     HOKSE-TAIL.     Fertile  stems  without  chlorophyll, 
preceding  the  sterile,  unbranched  :  sheaths  about  five,  7//-8//  long,  white, 
bearing  twelve  brown  acuminate   teeth  :   fructification   about  \'  long, 
cylindric  :  sterile  stems  green,  slender,  branched  :  branches  four-angular. 
— Common  on  wet  banks,  the  fertile  stems  appearing  in  April. 

2.  E.  variegatum  Schleich.    SLENDER  SCOURING-RUSH.    Stems  tufted, 
all    with   chlorophyll,    slender,    5-10-grooved  :   sheaths   partly   black. — 
Muddy  sand-bars  along  the  Missouri  River.     Common  at  times.     Never 
collected  in  fruit  here. 

3.  E.  hyemale  L.     COMMON  SCOURING-RUSH.     Stems  unbranched,  the 
numerous  ridges  each  bearing  two  lines  of  tubercles  :  sheaths  short,  with 
a  black  ring  at  base  and  a  black  base  to  the  caducous  teeth  :  fructifica- 
tion less  than  6X/  long. — Of  rare  occurrence  on  wet  banks  along  the  Mis- 
souri River  at  Courtney. 

4.  E.  robustum  R.  Br.     STOUT  SCOURING-RUSH.     Like  the  preceding, 
but  very  robust,  the  ridges  of  the  stem  each  bearing  one  line  of  tubercles. 
— Very  common  in  bottoms,  especially  along  the  Missouri  River. 

FAMILY  6.    ISOETACEAE  Underw. 

Rush-like  herbs  with  numerous  linear  awl-shaped  leaves  from  a  subter- 
ranean rather  small  trunk.  Sporanges  sessile  in  the  axils  of  the  leaves, 
rather  large,  orbicular  or  ovoid  and  plano-convex,  partly  covered  by  a 
fold  from  the  inner  side  of  the  leaf-blade  (the  velum),  the  outer  bearing 
macrospores,  the  inner  microspores. 


TYPHACEAE  7 

1.     ISOETES  L. 

Characters  of  the  family. 

1.  I.  melanopoda  J.  Gay.  QUILLWORT.  Leaves  10-60,  4'-12'  long, 
slender  and  keeled,  black  and  shining  at  base. — Low  prairies  which  are 
wet  in  spring,  but  dry  in  summer.  Near  Lake  City  and  Dodson.  Local. 
May-July. 

Subkingdom  SPERMATOPHYTA. 

Plants  producing  true  seeds,  formed  from  the  fertilization  of  the  ovules 
by  the  pollen. 

CLASS  I.     GYMNOSPERMAE, 

Ovules  not  enclosed  in  an  ovary. 

FAMILY  7.    PINACEAE  Lindl. 

Resinous  trees  with  awl-shaped  entire  leaves.  Stamens  and  ovules 
borne  in  separate  aments.  Perianth  none. 

1.     JUNIPERUS  L. 

Evergreens  with  verticillate  or  opposite  leaves  and  dioecious  flowers 
in  small  globose  aments.  Each  scale  in  the  pistillate  ament  bearing  a 
single  erect  ovule.  Cotyledons  two.  Fruit  berry-like. 

1.  J.  Virginiana  L.  RED  CEDAR.  Usually  a  large  tree  :  leaves  of 
two  kinds,  opposite,  either  awl-shaped  and  spiny-tipped  or  scale-like, 
imbricate,  appressed  and  four-ranked  :  berries  blue. — Young  trees  a  few 
inches  high  occasionally  occur  in  rocky  woods  throughout  the  western 
portion.  There  are  also  a  few  large  trees  north  and  west  of  Lee's  Summit. 
April. 

CLASS  II .     ANGIOSPERMAE . 

Ovules  borne  in  an  ovary. 

Subclass  1.    MONOCOTYLEDONES. 

Embryo  with  one  cotyledon.  Leaves  usually  parallel-veined.  Parts 
of  the  flowers  in  threes. 

FAMILY  8.    TYPHACEAE  J.  St.  Hil. 

Marsh  plants  with  long,  linear,  nerved  and  sessile  leaves.  Flowers 
monoecious  in  dense  terminal  spikes,  staminate  uppermost.  Perianth 
parts  formed  of  bristles.  Stamens  2-7  with  connate  filaments.  Ovary 
1-2-celled  with  as  many  styles,  stipitate.  Fruit  nut-like,  usually  one- 
seeded. 


8  NAIADACEAE 

1.    TYPHA  L.     CAT-TAIL. 
Possessing  the  family  characteristics  as  given  above. 

Btarainate  and  pistillate  flowers  separated.  1.   7.  angustifolia. 

Staminate  and  pistillate  flowers  not  separated.  2.   T.  laiifolia. 

1.  T.  angustifolia  L.  Like  the  next  but  with  narrower  leaves  and 
spikes  :  pollen  grains  single. — Ponds  near  Courtney  and  Independence- 
Eare.  June-July. 

2  T.  latifolia  L.  3°-10°  high  :  leaves  3"- 10"  broad  :  staminate  and 
pistillate  portion  of  spike  contiguous,  each  from  3/-l2/  long,  and  often  an 
inch  or  more  in  diameter  :  pollen  grains  in  fours. — Swampy  grounds 
throughout  the  county.  Often  common.  June. 

FAMILY  9.     SPARGANIACEAE  Agardh. 

Marsh  plants  with  general  aspect  of  the  last  family  but  flowers  in 
widely  separated  heads  in  a  branching  inflorescence.  Staminate  heads 
uppermost,  conspicuously  white.  Perianth  formed  of  from  3-6  irregular 
scales.  Filaments  usually  five,  distinct.  Ovary  sessile,  1-2-celled,  with 
as  many  styles.  Fruit  usually  1-celled,  very  hard. 

1.     SFARGANIUM  L. 

Characters  of  the  family. 

Fruit  truncate  at  apex.  1.  8.  turycarpum. 

Fruit  tapering  at  apex.  2.  S.  androcladum. 

1.  S.  eurycarpum  Engelm.     BIG  BUR-REED.     Stems  2L1-8°  high,  with 
long,  slightly  keeled,  flat  leaves  :  pistillate  heads  2-6,  KXM6"  in  diam- 
eter at  maturity  :    nutlets  sessile,  broad  and  truncate,  many-angled. — 
Locally  abundant.     In  swamps  at  Lake  City,  Buckner,  and  west  of  Sib- 
ley.     June. 

2.  S.  androcladum  (Eagelm.)  Morong.      SLENDER  BUR-REED.     Re- 
sembles the  last  but  smaller  throughout :  nutlets  stalked,  fusiform. — Wet 
grounds  three  miles  west  of  Sibley.     Local.     June. 

FAMILY  10.    NAIADACEAE  Lindl. 

Aquatic  herbs  with  leafy  stems  and  perfect  or  unisexual  flowers. 
Perianth  of  four  segments  or  wanting.  Stamens  1-4,  hypogynous  and 
distinct  in  the  fertile  flowers,  and  with  extrorse  anthers.  Ovaries  one  or 
four,  one-ovuled. 

Flowers  perfect,  ovaries  four.  1.  POT AMOG ETON. 

Flowers  not  perfect,  ovary  one.  2.  NAIAS. 

1.     POTAMOGETON  L.     PONDWEED. 

Herbs  floating  in  still  water  or  growing  in  the  mud  with  two  ranked 
alternate  or  imperfectly  opposite  leaves.  Flowers  borne  on  usually 
emersed  spikes.  Sepals,  stamens  and  pistils  four  each.  Sepals  rounded 


ALISMACEAE  9 

and  sessile  with  stamens  inserted  on  their  base.     Pistils  one-celled  and 
one-seeded,  forming  hard  nutlets  in  fruit. 

Leaves  all  submersed  and  similar.  1.  P.  foliosus. 
Floating  leaves  different  from  the  submersed. 

Submersed  leaves  linear.  2.  P.  Spirillux. 

Submersed  leaves  lanceolate  or  broader.  3.  P.  Lonchites. 

1.  P.  foliosus  Raf.     Stems  much  branched,  2°-3°  long  :  leaves  linear, 
1-3-nerved,  l/-2/  long,  lx/  wide  :  spikes  1-14-flowered  :  fruit  roundish, 
strongly  keeled,  the  keel   irregularly  sinuate-dentate.— Hiffner's   Lake 
near  Atherton.     June-July. 

2.  P.  Spirillus  Tuckerm.     Larger  floating  leaves  V-16"  long,  3//-8// 
wide,  longer  than   the  slightly  dilated  petioles,  strongly  7-14-nerved  : 
submersed  leaves  1/-2'  long,  \"  wide :  submersed  spikes  short-pedicelled, 
capitately  4-10-flowered  :  fruit  nearly  l/x  long,  keeled  on  the  back,  with 
4-5   teeth  or  wingless. — Ponds  along   the   Little   Blue   River   between 
Athertou  and  Glendale  ;  Grain  Valley.     May-July. 

3.  P.  Lonchites  Tuckerm.     Floating   leaves  pointed  at  both  ends, 
more  or  less  elliptical  in  outline,  2x-4'  long,  12//-20//  wide  :  submersed 
leaves  reticulated,   lanceolate,  thin,  9/-13/  long,  6//-12//  wide  :  spikes 
1/-2'  long,   cylindrical,  heavily  fruited  :    fruit   keeled. — Common   in  a 
pond  near  Sheffield,  in  Fish  Lake,  and  in  Hiffner's  Lake.     June-August. 


2.     NAIAS  L. 

Slender  submerged  aquatics  with  opposite  spiuulose  toothed  sessile 
leaves.  Flowers  monoecious  or  dioecious,  axillary,  solitary  and  sessile. 
Sterile  flower  consisting  of  a  single  stamen  inclosed  in  a  double  perianth, 
the  pistillate  of  a  single  naked  ovary.  Fruit  small  and  sessile. 

1.  N.  flexilis  (Willd.)  Rostk.  &  Schmidt.  Delicate  and  slender  with 
minutely  serrulate  linear  leaves  about  V  long  and  lx/  wide  :  sheaths 
conspicuous,  minutely  toothed :  seeds  obscurely  sculptured. — In  the 
pond  north  of  Sheffield.  Rare.  June-July. 

FAMILY  11.    ALISMACEAE  DC. 

Marsh  herbs  with  racemose-paniculate  flowers  on  scapes.  Petals  and 
sepals  three  each,  the  former  white.  Stamens  six  or  more.  Ovaries 
numerous,  one-celled,  one-ovuled.  Fruit  an  achene.  Roots  fibrous. 
Leaves  numerous,  all  radical,  and  long-petioled. 

Flowers  perfect. 

Stamens  six,  leaves  lanceolate.  1.  ALISMA. 

Stamens  twelve,  leaves  usually  cordate.  2.  EOHINODORUS. 

Stamens  9-15,  leaves  sagittate.  3.  LOPHOTOCARPUS. 

Flowers  not  perfect.  4.  SAGITTARIA. 


10  ALISMACEAE 

1.     ALISMA  L. 

Flowers  rather  small,  on  three-bracteolate  pedicels.  Numerous  ovaries 
in  a  single  whorl  on  a  flat  receptacle.  Achenes  flat,  ribbed  on  the  back 
and  sides. 

1.  A.  Plantago  L.  WATER  PLANTAIN.  Leaves  ovate  or  ovate-lan- 
ceolate, 3-10-nerved  :  panicle  compound,  many-flowered,  8/-2°  high. — 
Abundant  in  the  pond  north  of  Sheffield,  at  Lake  City,  Fish  Lake  and 
Hiffner's  Lake.  June-September. 

2.     ECHINODORUS  Rich. 

Inflorescence  usually  somewhat  branched,  bearing  the  pedicelled 
flowers  in  whorls  of  3-6.  Ovaries  many,  capitate,  on  a  large  convex 
receptacle.  Achenes  ribbed  and  beaked,  forming  spinose  heads. 

1.  E.  cordifolius  (L. )  Griseb.  BUR-HEAD.  Leaves  of  two  kinds,  the 
emersed  thick,  broadly  ovate,  cordate  at  base,  the  blade  6/-8/  long,  and 
nearly  as  wide  :  the  submersed  leaves  smaller,  thin  and  often  pellucid, 
lance-ovate  and  rounded  at  base  :  scape  erect,  l°-3°  high. — Often  com- 
mon in  swamps  and  ditches  in  the  Missouri  River  bottoms.  June-Sep- 
tember. 

Var.  lanceolatus  (Engelm.)  Mackenzie  &  Bush,  n.  comb.  A  low 
form  not  more  than  6/  high  with  narrowly  lanceolate  leaves  acute  at 
base,  and  a  small  panicle  bearing  few  heads.  —  Hiffner's  Lake  near  Ather- 
ton.  July.  (E.  rostratus  var.  lanc.eolatus  Engelm. ) 

3.     LOPHOTOCARPUS  T.  Durand. 

Verticels  few-flowered,  the  lower  flowers  perfect,  the  upper  staminate. 
Sepals  inclosing  fruit.  Pistils  numerous.  Achenes  winged. 

1.  L.  calycinus  (Engelm.)  J.  G.  Smith.  FALSE  ARROW-HEAD. 
Scape  3/-15/  high,  shorter  than  the  leaves,  at  length  'decumbent  : 
flowers  borne  on  long  pedicels,  the  fertile  pedicels  recurved  :  leaves 
broadly  sagittate  or  hastate,  the  lobes  widely  spreading. — Uncommon  on 
wet  sand-bars  along  the  Missouri  River,  but  abundant  in  the  pond  north 
of  Sheffield,  and  at  Hiffner's  Lake.  July-October. 

4.     SAGITTARIA   L.     ARROW-HEAD. 

Much  like  the  last.  Lower  flowers  pistillate,  the  upper  staminate. 
Sepals  reflexed  or  spreading  in  fruit.  Stamens  usually  numerous,  cover- 
ing the  convex  receptacle.  Rootstocks  bearing  large  tubers  which  often 
completely  cover  the  bottoms  of  swamps  where  these  plants  are  numerous. 

Fruiting  heads  sessile.  2.  8.  rigida. 
Fruiting  heads  pedicelled. 

Leaf-blades  sagittate.  1.  S.  latifolia. 

Leaf-blades  lanceolate.  3.  S.  graminea. 


GRAMINEAE  11 

1.  S.  latifolia  Willd.     Scape  3'-4°  high  :  filaments  glabrous  :  achene 
about  l/x  long,  winged  on  both  margins  with  a  long  horizontal  beak  : 
leaves  in  our  plant  usually  large  and  broad. — Common  throughout  in 
ponds  and  along  streams.     June-October. 

2.  S.  rigida  Pursh.     Scape  weak,  shorter  than  the  leaves,  the  latter 
lance-oval,  entire  or  with  one  or  two  basal  lobes  :  fertile  flowers  sessile  : 
pedicels  of  sterile  flowers  V  or  less  long  :  filaments  glandular-pubescent  : 
achenes  long-beaked. — Common  in  ponds  at  Lake  City,  Sheffield,  and 
Atherton.     June-September. 

3.  S.  graminea  Michx.     1°  high  :   leaves  long-petioled,  often  blade- 
less  :  flowers  all  pedicelled  :  filaments  pubescent  :  achene  less  than  lx/ 
long,  slightly  winged,  short-beaked. — Common  in  ponds  at  Lake  City, 
Sheffield,  and  Atherton.     June-September. 

FAMILY  12.    VALLISNERIACEAE  Dumort. 

Aquatic  herbs  with  regular  dioecious  flowers  from  a  spathe.  Perianth 
segments  in  fertile  flowers  adherent  at  base  to  ovary.  Ovary  1-celled 
with  three  parietal  placentae.  Indehiscent  fruit  ripening  under  water. 

1.     PHILOTRIA  Raf. 

Branching  very  leafy  stems  submersed.  Leaves  1-nerved,  sessile, 
pedicelled.  Flowers  sessile,  from  a  2-cleft  spathe.  Perianth  segments 
six.  Sterile  flowers  minute,  with  9  stamens,  breaking  off  and  floating  on 
the  surface  of  the  water.  Pistillate  flowers  with  a  very  long  capillary 
tube,  floating.  Stigmas  3,  two-lobed. 

1.  P.  Canadensis  (Michx.)  Britton.  WATER- WEED.  Leaves  2//-7// 
long,  opposite  or  verticil  late,  serrulate. — In  Fish  Lake  and  in  ponds 
along  the  Little  Blue  north  of  Glendale.  June. 

FAMILY  13.    GRAMINEAE  Juss. 

A  large  and  very  important  order  of  herbaceous  plants  with  (usually) 
hollow  stems  closed  at  the  joints.  Leaves  sheathing.  Inflorescence  very 
varied,  consisting  of  spikelets  formed  of  flowers  solitary  in  the  axils  of 
two-ranked  scales,  called  glumes.  Lower  glumes  empty.  Upper  glumes 
containing  flowers  which  are  usually  enveloped  in  a  thin  scale,  called  the 
palet.  Flowers  perfect  or  imperfect.  Stamens  usually  three.  Ovary 
one-celled,  one-ovuled.  Styles  two.  Fruit  a  seed-like  grain. 

I. 

Spikelets  1-2-flowered.     Rachis  articulated 
below  the  glumes,  so  that  the  spikelets 
break  off  as  a  whole. 
Flowers  monoecious. 

Fertile  spikelets  imbedded  in  the  thick 

rachis.  1.  TRIPSACUM. 

Flowers  panicled,  pedicelled.  11.  ZIZANIA. 


12 


GRAMINEAE 


Flowers  perfect,  staminate  or  wanting. 
Spikelets  much  flattened  laterally. 
Spikelets  not  much  flattened  laterally. 
Flowering  glume  with  a  short  hooked 

awn. 

Flowering  glume  long-awned. 

Inflorescence  spike-like. 

Flowers  long-silky. 

Flowers  not  silky. 

Inflorescence  panicled. 

Flower  with  two  plumose  pedicels 

at  base. 
Flower  without  plumose  pedicels 

at  base. 

Flowering  glume  not  awned. 
Flowers  in  open  panicles. 
Flowers  in  spikes. 
Spikelets  subtended  by  an  invo- 
lucre. 

Involucre  spiny. 
Involucre  consisting  of  bristles. 
Spikelets  not  subtended  by  an  in- 
volucre. 

Rachis  produced  beyond  upper- 
most spikelet. 
Rachis  wider  than  spikes. 
Rachis  not  wider  than  spikes. 
Rachis  not  produced  beyond  up- 
permost spikelet. 
Spikelets  obovate,  with  cari- 

nate  glumes. 
Spikelets    plano-convex,    not 

carinate. 
Spikelets  obtuse. 
Spikelets  acute. 

Spikes  digitate  at  top  of 

culm. 
Spikes  not  digitate. 

II. 

Spikelets  1-mauy-flowered.  Rachis  articu- 
lated above  the  two  lower  glumes,  so 
that  they  remain  when  the  flower  breaks 
off. 

Spikelets  not  arranged  in  rows. 
Spikelets  with  one  perfect  flower. 
Spikelets  with  two  or  more  perfect  flow- 
ers. 

Spikelets  in  two  rows  in  one-sided  spikes. 

Spikelets  in  two  rows  on  opposite  sides  of 
a  spike. 


12.    HOMALOCENCHRUS. 

27.  HOLCUS. 


2.  ANDROPOGON. 
8.  PANICUM. 


3.  SORGHASTRUM. 

4.  SORGHUM. 
8.  PANICUM. 


10.  CENCHRUS. 
9.  CHAETOCHLOA. 


5.  PASPALUM. 
30.  SPARTINA. 


33.  BECKMANNIA. 
5.  PASPALUM. 


7.  SYNTHERISMA. 
6.  ERIOCHLOA. 


A. 


Flowers  three-awned. 
Flowers  awnless  or  one-awned. 
Panicle  open,  not  spike-like. 


A. 

B. 
C. 

D. 
15.  ARISTIDA. 


GRAMINEAE 


13 


Flowers   (not   outer   glumes)    long- 
hairy  at  base. 

Flowering  glumes  short-awned. 
Flowering  glumes  not  awned. 
Flowers  not  long-hairy  at  base. 
Flowering  glume  long-awned. 
Awn  very  long,  twisted. 
Awn  long,  flexuose. 
Awn  very  capillary. 
Flowering  glume  not  long-awned. 
Spikeleta    flattened,   bearing  an 

awn  \/f  long. 

Spikelets  not  flattened  and  awn- 
less. 

Third  scale  longer  than  first. 
Third  scale  shorter  than  first. 
Panicle  spike-like. 

Flowering  glumes  not  awned. 

Glumes  five,  the  third  and  fourth 

very  small. 
Glumes  three. 

Empty   glumes  obliquely   trun- 
cate. 
Empty  glumes  acute. 

Flowering  glumes  thinner  than 

empty  glumes. 
Flowering  glumes  thicker  than 

empty  glumes. 
Flowering  glumes  awned. 
Spikes  compound. 
Spikes  simple. 

Glumes     five  ;      sweet-smelling 

grass. 

Glumes  three  ;  not  sweet  smell- 
ing. 

B. 

Tall  reeds  with  rachis  and  flowers  long-vil- 

lous. 
Not  tall  reeds  and   rachis  and  flowers  not 

long-villous. 

Flowering  glume  awned  from  the  middle. 
Spikelets  less  than  6"  long. 
Spikelets  more  than  6"  long. 
Flowering  glume  awnless  or  awned  from 

the  apex. 
Flowering  glume    toothed  or  lobed  at 

apex. 

Spikelets  s<  ssile. 
Spikelets  pedicelled. 
Flowering  glume  not  toothed  or  lobed 

at  apex. 
Flowering  glumes  3-nerved. 

Glumes  thick  and  coriaceous  ;  pan- 
icle few-flowered. 

Glumes  not  thick  and  coriaceous  ; 
panicles  many-flowered. 


24.  CALAMAGROSTIS. 

25.  CALAMOVILFA. 


16.  STIPA. 

18.  BRACHYELYTRUM. 

26.  APERA. 


22.  CINNA. 


21.  SPOROBOLUS. 
23.  AGROSTIS. 


13.  PHALARIS. 

19.  PHLEUM. 

21.  SPOROBOLUS. 
17.  MUHLENBERGIA. 
17.  MUHLENBERGIA. 

14.  ANTHOXANTHUM. 

20.  ALOPECURUS. 

36.  PHRAGMITES. 


28. 
29. 


38. 
37. 


TRISETUM. 
AVENA. 


DlPLACHNE. 
SlEGLINGIA. 


43.    KORYCARPUS. 


14 


GKAMINEAE 


Empty  glumes  very  dissimilar  in 

outline. 

Empty  glumes  similar  in   out- 
line. 

Panicle  spike-like. 
Panicle  open. 

Flowering    glumes    5-many-nerved. 
Glumes  papery. 
Glumes  not  papery. 
Glumes  strongly  keeled. 
Glumes  awned. 
Glumes  not  awned. 

Large  spikelets  in  drooping 

panicles. 
Spikelets  erect. 
Plants  dioecious. 
Plants  not  dioecious. 
Glumes  rounded  on  back. 
Flowering  glume  awned. 
Spikelets  strongly    pedicel- 
led. 

Spikelets  nearly  sessile. 
Flowering  glume  awnless,  ob- 
tuse and  scarious  at  apex. 
Flowering  glume  awnless,  acute 
at  apex. 

C. 

Spikes  digitate. 
Spikes  not  digitate. 

Spikelets    with    two    or    more    perfect 

flowers. 

Spikelets  with  one  perfect  flower. 
Spikes  long  and  very  slender. 
Spikes  short  and  broad. 

D. 

Spikes  one  to  each  joint  of  the  rachis. 
Placed  edgewise  on  the  raohis. 
Placed  flatwise  on  the  rachis. 
Spikelets  two  or  more  to  each  joint  of  the 

rachis. 

Empty  glumes  waiting. 
Empty  glumes  present. 
Spikelets  all  perfect. 
Spikelets  three  at  each  joint,  the   lat- 
eral ones  sterile. 


40.  ESTONIA. 


41.  KOKLKRIA. 

39.  ERAGROSTIS. 

42.  MELIOA. 


46.  DACTYLIS. 


44.  UNIOLA. 

45.  DISTICHLIS. 
47.  POA. 


50.  BROMUS. 
49.  FESTUCA. 

48.  PANICULARIA. 

49.  FESTUCA. 

34.  ELEUSINE. 

35.  LEPTOCHLOA. 

31.  SCHEDONNARDUS. 

32.  BOUTELOUA. 


51.  LOLIUM. 

52.  AGROPYRON. 


55.  HYSTRIX. 
54.  ELYMUS. 
53.  HORDEUM. 


1.     TRIPSACUM  L. 

Tall  perennial  grasses  with  monoecious  flowers  in  jointed  spikes  which 
are  staminate  above  and  pistillate  below.  Staminate  spikes  two- flow- 
ered, in  pairs  at  each  node.  Glumes  four,  the  outer  coriaceous,  the  inner 
thin.  Pistillate  spikelets  one-flowered,  deeply  imbedded  in  the  thick 
rachis.  Stigmas  conspicuous,  purple. 


GRAMINEAE  15 

1.  T.  dactyloides  L.  GAMA  GRASS.  4°-8°  high,  bearirg  1-3  spikes 
at  the  summit,  as  well  as  some  from  the  upper  axils  :  leaves  broad  and 
flat. — Common  throughout  in  wet  places,  especially  in  prairie  swales. 
June-July. 

2.    ANDROPOGON  L.     BROOM-GRASS. 

Perennials,  bearing  spikelets  in  pairs  at  each  joint  of  the  rachis,  one  of 
them  perfect  and  sessile  with  four  glumes,  the  lower  thick,  the  second 
acute  and  carinate,  the  upper  two  thin.  Flowering  glume  more  or  lees 
awned.  The  other  spikelet  pedicelled  and  sterile. 

Spikes  not  in  pairs  or  clustered.  1.  A.  scoparius. 
Spikes  in  pairs  or  digitate. 

Hairs  on  rachis  internodes  \"  long.  2.  A.  furcatus. 

Hairs  on  rachis  intemodes  \\"-W  long.  3.  A.  chrysocomus. 

Spikes  densely  clustered.  4.  A.  Torreyanus. 

1.  A.  scoparius  Michx.     l°-4°  high  :   spikes  peduncled,  numerous, 
hairy  with  long  dull  white  hairs  :  sterile  spikelet  an  awn-pointed  scale  : 
awn  of  fertile  spikelet  about  5//-G//  long. — Common  in  open  rocky  woods 
and  prairies,  especially  in  the  southern  part.     July-September. 

2.  A.  furcatus  Muhl.     Tall,  3°-6°  high  :  spikes  2-5,  approximate  at 
the  summit :  hairs  on  the  rachis  and  pedicels  short :  sterile  spikelet  stam- 
inate,  with  four  scales  :  awn  of  fertile  spikelet  5//-7//  long,  bent. — Com- 
mon in  similar  situations,  and  usually  with  the  last.     July-September. 

3.  A.  chrysocomus  Nash.     Closely  resembles  the  last,  but  outer  scales 
of  sessile  spikelets  smooth  except  on  nerves  (hispidulous  in  A.  furcatus), 
and  rachis  hairs  longer  and  usually  yellow. — In  similar  situations  as  the 
last.     August-October. 

4.  A.  Torreyanus  Steud.     2°-4°  high  :  spikes  numerous,  in  a  terminal, 
spicate  panicle  :  hairs  of  spikelet  long,  white  :  sterile  spikelet  scale-like  : 
awn  of  fertile  spikelet  4//-6//  long,  bent. — Well  adventized  in  one  locality 
at  Sheffield  ;  also  near  Red  Bridge.     June-September. 

3.     SORGHASTRUM  Nash. 

Tall  perennials  with  spikelets  in  pairs  or  threes  in  an  open  panicle,  the 
middle  one  sessile  and  perfect  with  four  scales,  the  outer  thick  and  shin- 
ing. Lateral  flowers  pedicelled,  reduced  to  plumose  pedicels. 

1.  S.  avenaceum  (Michx.)  Nash.  INDIAN  GRASS.  3°-6°  high  : 
panicle  branches  erect  spreading  :  spikelets  yellowish  or  brownish,  hairy  : 
awn  twisted,  S^-IO"  long,  the  column  not  bent. — In  dry  open  soil, 
throughout.  Probably  includes  two  species  with  us.  August-September. 

4.     SORGHUM  Pers. 

Spikelets  two  together,  one  sessile  and  fertile,  the  other  pedicelled, 
sterile.  Perfect  spikelet  with  four  scales,  the  fourth  awned. 


16  GRAMINEAE 

1.  S.  Halepense  (L.)  Pers.  JOHNSON-GRASS.  3°-5°  high:  leaves 
long  and  broad  :  panicle  often  1°  long  :  outer  glumes  of  spikelets  pubes- 
cent.— Frequently  adventized  along  railroads. — June-September. 

5.     PASPALUM  L. 

Spikelets  in  2-4  rows  in  one-sided  spikes,  awnless,  plano-convex,  very 
shortly  pedicelled.  Glumes  three.  Spike  one  to  many. 

Rachis  winged,  spikes  20  or  more.  1.  P.  mucronatum. 
Rachis  not  winged,  spikes  one  to  three. 

Culms  erect.  2.  P.  Busfiii. 

Culms  reclining.  3.  P.  Muhlenbergii. 

1.  P.  mucronatum  Muhl.     Annual :  culms  decumbent  or  ascending  : 
rachis  of  spikes  broadly  winged,  incurved,  partly  inclosing  the  spikelets, 
tapering  to  an  acute  point :    spikelets  in  two  rows,  pubescent,  rather 
pointed. — Along  Sni-a-bar  Creek  about  three  miles  south  of  Grain  Valley. 
August-October. 

2.  P.  Bushii  Nash.     Culms  2°-3°  high,  erect :   leaves  densely  short 
soft-pubescent  on  both  sides  :  racemes  in  twos  or  threes  :  spikelets  1//  long, 
the  empty  scales  pubescent.— Occasional  in  sandy  grounds,  especially  in 
the  Missouri  bottoms.     Often  appears  as  if  adventized.     August-October. 

3.  P.  Muhlenbergii  Nash.     Resembles  the  last  but  culms  reclining  : 
leaves  sparsely  pubescent  with  long  hairs :  racemes  solitary  or  in  twos  and 
spikelets  glabrous. — In  a  field  near   Roanoke,  Kansas  City.      August- 
October. 

6.     ERIOCHLOA  H  B.K. 

Perennial  grasses  with  flowers  in  panicled  spikes.  Spikelets  with  a 
callus  at  base.  Glumes  three,  the  two  outer  acute  and  membranous,  the 
shorter  inner  one  obtuse  and  hardened. 

1.  E.  punctata  (L. )  O.  Hamilt.  DOTTED  MILLET.  Ascending  culms 
1£°  high,  bearing  4-15  spikes,  the  latter  I'-S'  long:  spikelets  hairy,  about 
2/x  long.— Occasional  in  the  railroad  yards  at  Sheffield.  July-August. 

7.     SYNTHERISMA  Walt. 

Annual  grasses  with  flowers  in  spikes,  approximate  at  the  summit  of 
the  culm.  Spikelet  awnless  and  pointless  with  four  scales,  the  lowest 
minute  or  wanting. 

Rachis  three-angled,  not  winged.  1.  S .  filiformis. 
Rachis  flat,  winged. 

Sheaths  and  leaves  glabrous.  2.  S.  linearis. 

Sheaths  and  leaves  more  or  less  pubescent.  3.  S.  sanguinalis. 

1.  S.  filiformis  (L.)  Nash.  SLENDER  CRAB-GRASS.  Erect  slender 
culms  l°-3°  high  :  spikes  2-8,  erect,  filiform,  2/-5/  long  :  spikelets  \" 
long  :  lower  glumes  wanting. — Occasionally  occurs  in  dry  soil  throughout 
the  southern  part.  August-October. 


GRAMINEAE 


17 


2.  S.  linearis  (Krock.)  Nash.     SMOOTH  CRAB-GRASS.     Culms  decum- 
bent :  leaves  short,  1X-3X  long,  glabrous  :  spikes  2-6  :  spikelets  lxx  long  : 
first  glume  wanting  :  second  glume  as  long  as  flowering  one,  hairy. — Com- 
mon in  sandy  fields,  especially  along  the  Missouri  River.     July-October. 

3.  S.  sanguinalis  (L.)  Dulac.     CRAB-GRASS.     Culms  erect,  ascending 
or  spreading,   l°-3°  long  :   leaves  2/-6/    long  :   spikes  3-12,  spreading  : 
spikelets  l|xx  long  :  lowest  glume  present  :  second  glume  half  as  long  as 
the  flowering  one. — Growing  everywhere  in  fields.     July-October. 

8.     PANICUM  L.     PANIC  GRASS. 

Spikelets  with  one  pistillate  and  sometimes  one  additional  staminate 
flower.  Glumes  four,  the  three  lower  membranous,  the  two  lower  empty, 
the  third  usually  empty  or  sometimes  bearing  a  staminate  flower.  Fourth 
scale  thick  and  shiny,  inclosing  a  similar  palet. 

Some  or  all  the  flowers  awned.  1.   P.   C-us-Galli. 

Flowers  never  awned. 

All  leaves  similar  ;  panicle  elongated.  A. 

Basal  leaves  shorter  and  broader  than  the  culm 

leaves  ;  panicle  short.  B. 

A. 
Smooth  throughout. 

Spikelets  2XX  long.  12.  P.  virgatum. 

Spikelets  lxx-l£xx  long  or  less.  14.  P.  proliferum. 

Spikelets  fxx  long.  2.  P.  agrostoides. 

More   or    less  pubescent,    especially   the   lower 

sheaths. 

Spikelets  2XX  long  or  more.  13.  P.  miliaceum. 

Spikelets  1  \f/  long  or  less. 

Panicle  bearded  in  the  axils.  17,  P.  cngnatum. 

Panicle  not  bearded  in  the  axils. 

Culms  stout  and  much  branched.  15.  P.  capillare. 

Culms  slender,  branching  only  from  base.      16.  P.  flenle. 


B. 

Culm  leaves  long  and  linear. 
Culm  leaves  lanceolate  or  broader. 
Spikelets  lxx  long  or  less. 
Leaves  almost  glabrous. 
Leaves  pubescent. 

Axis  of  panicle  long-pilose. 
Axis  of  panicle  almost  smooth. 
Spikelets  more  than  lx/  long. 

Culm  leaves  broad  and  clasping  at  base. 
Sheaths  papillose-hispid. 
Sheaths  not  papillose-hispid. 
Sheaths  hairy. 
Sheaths  glabrous. 
Culm  leaves  lanceolate,  hardly  clasping  at 

base. 

Spikelets  nearly  glabrous. 
Spikelets  very  hairy. 

1.  P.   Crus-Galli   L.      BARNYARD  GRASS. 


11.  P.  perlongum. 


8.  P.  pphaerocarpon. 


10. 
9. 


lanuginosum. 

unciphyUum. 


5.  P.  clandestinum. 


Porterianum. 
macrocarpon. 


6.  P.  Scribnerianum. 

7.  P.   Liebergii. 

A   coarse    grass   l°-5° 


high,  with  long  rough 
2 


leaves  :   spikelets  imbricated,  making  the   5-15 


18  GRAMINEAE 

panicle  branches  appear  spike-like :  spikelets  hispid. — Common  in 
ditches  and  waste  places.  An  occasional  form  is  almost  awnless.  June- 
October. 

2.  P.  agrostoides  Spreng.     Flat  culms  erect,  2°-3°  high,  branching  : 
panicles  3'- 5'  long :  primary  panicle-branches  spreading,  secondary  ap- 
pressed  :  spikelets  numerous,  crowded,  §"  long  :  second  and  third  scales 
equal,  twice  as  long  as  the  first,  and  longer  than  the  fourth.     Our  plant 
is  provided  with  long  capillary  involucral  hairs  at  the  base  of  the  spike- 
let. — In   swampy    grounds.     Near   Adams    (rare)    and    at    Fish    Lake. 
July-September. 

3.  P.  Porteriamim  Nash.     1°-  3°  high  :  larger  leaves  4X  long  and  lx 
wide,  cordate-clasping  at  base,  more  or  less  hairy  :  nodes  barbed  :  sheaths 
hairy  :  panicle  2/-4/  long,  with  ascending  branches  :  spikelets  \\/f  long 
or  more,  hairy. — Frequent  in  rich  woods.     May-July. 

4.  P.  macrocarpon  Le  Conte.     Like  the  last,  but  nodes  not  barbed, 
sheaths  glabrous,  and   leaves  not  hairy,  but  ciliate  :   spikelets  more  in- 
flated.— Frequent  in  rich  woods.     May-July. 

5.  P.  clandestiiium  L.     2°-5°  high  :  sheaths  very  papillose-hispid  : 
spikelets  about  \\"  long,  smoothish  :  second  and  third  scales  plainly 
9-nerved.     In  damp  thickets.     Not  uncommon.     May-July. 

6.  P.  Scribnerianum  Nash.     l°-2°  high,  growing  in  clumps:  leaves 
spreading,  2/-4/  long,   3//-4//  wide,  rough  :   sheaths  papillose-hispid  : 
culms  and  panicle  smooth  :  panicle  open,  2/-3/  long,  l/-2/  wide. — Com- 
mon in  dry  woods.     May -July. 

7.  P.  Liebergii    (Vasey)  Scribn.      Kesembles  the   last  but  is   more 
slender  and  with  ascending  leaves,  hairy  beneath  :  sheaths  very  pubes- 
cent :    panicle  much  exserted,   27-3'  long  :«  spikelets  about  \\"   long, 
noticeably  pubescent. — Common  on  prairies  near  Lee's  Summit.     Also 
at  Buckuer.     May-June. 

8.  P.   sphaerocarpon    Ell.      Culms  4/-10/   high,    at   length    much- 
branched,  smooth  :   leaves  l$'-3'  long,  2//-3//  wide,  smooth  or  sparingly 
long-ciliate  at  the  clasping  base  :  sheaths  ciliate  on  margin  :   primary 
panicle  2'  long,  much   exserted  :   spikelets  glabrous,  \\"  long. — Sandy 
woods  southeast  of  Grain  Valley.     June-July. 

9.  P.  unciphyllum    Trin.      Culms    B'-IO'    high,    at    length   much- 
branched  :  leaves  2/-3/  long.  2x/-3/x  wide,  papillose-hairy  on  both  sides 
and   long-ciliate  :    sheaths  and    culms    long-hairy    and   nodes    densely 
bearded  :  primary   panicle    1/-2'    long,    little  or  not  at  all  peduncled  : 
spikelets  less  than  lx/  long,  pubescent. — On  dry  prairies  south  of  Lee's 
Summit,  and  in  dry  woods  at  Swope's  Park.     May-June. 

10.  P.  lanuginosum  Ell.     Culms  12/-18/  high  :   leaves  H'-S'  long, 
2//-4//    wide,  hairy   and   sparingly   ciliate :    sheaths,    culm    and  main 
branches  of  the  panicle  long  hairy :  panicle  li'-S'  long  :   spikelets  f // 
long,  pubescent. — Common  in  dry  woods  throughout.     May-July. 


GRAMINEAE  19 

11.  P.  perlongum  Nash.     A   densely  tufted  perennial  with  smooth 
culmsand  hairy,  long-linear  leaves  :  primary  panicle  long-exserted,  longer 
than  the  leaves,  few-flowered  :  secondary  panicle  4-8-flowered  on  short 
culms  almost  hidden  by  bases  of  the  leaves  :    spikelets  \\"  long,  nearly 
smooth. — On  dry  rocky  slopes  on  the  prairie  between  Greenwood  and 
Lee's  Summit.     Not  common.     May-June. 

12.  P.  virgatum   L.    2°-5°  high  :  panicle  6/-18/  long,  with  numer- 
ous ascending  branches,    at    length    spreading  or    drooping :    spikelets 
2//-2J//  long  :   second  scale  very  sharp  pointed. — Frequent  throughout 
in  low,  usually  sandy  ground.     July-September. 

13.  P.  miliaceum   L.     MILLET.     Stout    culms   l°-2°   high  :    leaves 
S'-G'  long  with  papillose-hispid  sheath  :    panicle  4/-6/  long,  dense,  more 
or  less  included. — Sparingly  adventive  along  the  railroads  at  Sheffield 
and  Courtney.     July-August. 

14.  P.  proliferum  Lam.     Culms     erect    to    decumbent,   geniculate, 
2°-5°   high  :  pyramidal  panicle  4 '-20'  long  with   numerous  spreading 
branches  which  are   flower-bearing  for  about  two-thirds  their   length  : 
spikelets  \ff  long,  green  or  purplish. — Common  along  ponds  and  river 
banks,  and  one  of  the  commonest  of  weedy  grasses  along  the  streets  of 
Kansas  City  and  other  cities  in  the  county.     August-October. 

15.  P.  capillare   L.     WITCH  GRASS.     Culms  6/-4°  high,  erect  or  de- 
cumbent and  often  very  geniculate :   sheaths,    culms  and    leaves   very 
hairy  :  terminal  panicle  at  first  included,  at  length  exserted  and  widely 
spreading,    6/-14/    long  with   capillary    branches. — Common   in   waste 
grounds,  corn  fields,  etc.     July- October. 

16.  P.  flexile    (Gattinger)    Scribn.     Closely  resembling  the  last,  but 
the  leaves  are  narrower,  smoother  and  more  erect,  the  culm  is  strictly 
erect,  and  the  branches  of  the  long,  ovoid  panicle  are  ascending  and  not 
spreading. — In    dry  grounds   throughout.     Not   uncommon.     July-Oc- 
tober. 

17.  P.  cognatum  Schultes.     Culms  decumbent,  about  1°  high  :  lower 
sheaths  and  axils  of  the  panicle  hairy,  otherwise  smooth  :   leaves  V-& 
long,  2/x  wide  :  panicle  3/-8/  long,  ovoid  in  outline  :  branches  capillary 
and  few-flowered,  often  2'  long  and  but  1-flowered  :  spikelets  \\"  long.— 
Sparingly  introduced  along  the  railroad  at  Courtney  and  Kansas  City. 
July-October. 

9.     CHAETOCHLOA  Scribn. 

Annuals.  Spikelets  as  in  Panicum,  but  with  from  one  to  several 
bristles  on  the  rachis  below  the  point  of  attachment  of  the  spikelet,  the 
bristles  therefore  persistent.  July-September. 

Bristles  downwardly  barbed.  1.   C.  rerticillata. 

Bristles  upwardly  barbed. 

Spikes  4X  or  more  long,  £'-2'  thick,  noticeably  com- 
pound. 4.   C.  Italica. 


20  GKAMINEAE 

Spikes  82'  or  less  long,  ¥  or  less  thick,  not  notice- 
ably compound. 

Spikes  yellow,  very  erect  and  closely  flowered.          3.  C.  glauca. 

Spikes  green,  less  closely  flowered  and  more 

nodding.  2.  C.  viridis. 

1.  C.  verticillata  (L.)  Scribn.     FOXTAIL.    l°-2°  high,  with  a  pale 
green  spike  2' -3'  long  :  bristles  one  or  two  to  each  flower,  slightly  ex- 
ceeding the  spikelet. — Waste  places  in  Independence.    Uncommon. 

2.  C.    glauca    (L. )    Scribn.     YELLOW    FOXTAIL.     l°-4°   high,    the 
slightly  flexuous  tawny  yellow  spike  1/-4'  long  :  bristles  6-11  to  each 
spikelet,  much  longer  than  the  spikelet :    first  scale  shorter  than  the 
second  :  third  and  fourth  scales  equal,  longer  than  the  second  :  fourth 
scale  transversely  rugose. — Extremely  abundant  in  waste  places,  corn- 
fields, along  railroads  and  the  like. 

3.  C.  viridis  (L.)  Scribn.     GREEN  FOXTAIL.    Closely  resembles  the 
last,  but  the  green  spikes  are  more  nodding  and  less  closely  flowered, 
and  the  bristles  are  fewer  in  number  :  the  first  scale  one-third  the  length 
of  the  other  three,  which  are  about  equal  in  length  :  fourth  scale  striate 
lengthwise  and  pitted. — Growing  with  the  last  and  about  as  common. 

4.  C.  Italica  (L.)  Scribu.     MILLET.     2°-5°  high  with  a  large  com- 
pound spike,  4'-8'  long,  lO^-lS"  broad,  usually  interrupted  at  base: 
bristles  2-3  :  spikelets  much  as  in  the  last  :  heads  nodding  or  erect. — 
Occasionally  escaped  into  waste  lots  and  along  railroads. 

Var.  Germanica  (Mill.)  Scribn.  HUNGARIAN  GRASS.  Smaller  than 
the  species  :  spikes  about  67/  broad  :  bristles  usually  purplish. — In  simi- 
lar situations  as  the  type. 

10.  CBNCHRUS  L. 

Spikelets  awnless  ;  as  in  Panicum,  but  several  are  enclosed  together  in  a 
horridly  spiny  involucre.  Involucres  forming  an  interrupted  terminal 
spike. 

1.  C.  tribuloides  L.  BUR-GRASS.  A  decumbent  annual,  8/-20/  high  : 
spikes  about  2/  long,  with  8-20  two-flowered  heads  :  involucres  pubes- 
cent, covered  all  over  with  short  stout  barbed  spines. — A  troublesome 
weed,  often  common  in  sandy  ground^  along  the  Missouri  River.  July- 
October. 

11.  ZIZANIA  L. 

A  tall  aquatic  with  monoecious  flowers  in  a  terminal  panicle.  Upper 
flowers  pistillate  and  erect,  long-awned,  the  lower  staminate  and  droop- 
ing, unawned.  Glumes  two.  Stamens  six. 

1.  Z.  aquatica  L.  WILD  RICE.  Annual,  3°- 10°  high,  with  long  flat 
leaves,  l°-3°  long:  spikelets  very  deciduous,  and  early  breaking  from 
the  rachis. — In  the  lake  at  Lake  City.  Rare.  July-October. 

12.     HOMALOCENCHRUS  Mieg.     CUT-GRASS. 
Lowland  grasses  with  flat  spikelets  crowded   in  one-sided   panicles. 
Spikelets  usually  imbricated   over   each   other.     Glumes  two,  strongly 


GRAMINEAE  21 

flattened,  usually  ciliate  on  the  keels,  awnless,  about  equal  in  length, 
the  second  much  narrower  than  the  first.  Leaves  clothed  with  minute 
hooked  prickles. 

Spikelets  partly  curved,  H77  long.  1.  H.    Virginicus. 

Spikelets  flat,  2/7-377  long.  2.  H.  oryzoides. 

1.  H.  Virginicus  (Willd.)   Britton.     Culms  l°-3°  high  with  a  finally 
long  exserted  panicle  :   spikelets  crowded  at  the  ends  of  the  branches, 
closely  appressed  and  somewhat  curved  around  the  branches  :  stamens  one 
or  two. — Rather  common  in  low  wet  woods.     August-October. 

2.  H.  oryzoides  ( L. )  Poll.     Larger  than  the  last  with  a  larger  diffusely 
branched   panicle  :  stamens  three. — Growing  in   dense    masses  around 
swamps  and  less  luxuriantly  along  streams.     Well  distributed  through- 
out.    August-October. 

13.     PHALARIS  L. 

Flowers  in  panicles  which  are  often  very  spike-like.  Spikelets  one- 
flowered  with  five  glumes,  the  first  and  second  large,  keeled  and  thick, 
the  third  and  fourth  rudimentary  (reduced  to  scales  or  bristles),  the  fifth 
subtending  a  similar  palet  and  the  flower. 

Panicle  not  spike-like  ;  grass  of  wet  grounds.  1.  P.  arundinacea. 
Panicle  spike-like;  grasses  of  waste  places. 

Spikelets  green,  narrowly  keeled.  2.  P.  Caroliniana. 

Spikelets  white  with  green  lines,  broadly  keeled.  3.  P.  Canariensis. 

1.  P.    arundinacea  L.     REED  CANARY    GRASS.     Perennial,   2°-5° 
high,  with  long  flat  leaves  ;  first  and  second  glumes  not  winged. — Well 
distributed  in  wet  grounds  in  the  northeastern  part.     May-June. 

2.  P.  Caroliniana  Walt.    SOUTHERN  CANARY  GRASS.    Smooth  annual 
about  2°  high,  with  spike-like  panicle  1/-3'  long  and  about  6"  wide, 
oblong  in  outline. — Rarely  adventized  along  railroads  from  Sheffield  to 
Courtney.     May- June. 

3.  P.  Canariensis  L.      CANARY  GRASS.      Annual  2°-3°  high,  with 
long-peduncled  spike-like  panicles  \f-\\f  long,  577-777  wide  at  base  and 
tapering  to  the  summit. — Rarely  occurs  in  waste  places  and  along  rail- 
roads.    May- June. 

14.     ANTHOXANTHUM  L. 

Glumes  five,  the  first  shorter  than  the  second,  the  third  and  fourth 
empty,  two-lobed  and  awned,  the  fifth  shorter,  about  the  length  of  the 
palet. 

1.  A.  odoratum  L.  VERNAL  GRASS.  Annual  about  2°  high,  with 
numerous  slightly  hairy,  flat  leaves  :  spikes  long-exserted,  2x-37  long  : 
third  glume  bearing  an  awn  inserted  on  the  back  about  the  middle,  and 
the  fourth  an  awn  inserted  near  the  base. — Rarely  adventized  along  the 
railroads  at  Courtney.  May-June. 


22  GRAMINEAE 

15.    ARISTIDA  L.     THREE-AWNED  GRASS. 

Annual  tufted  grasses,  with  spikelets  in  spike-like  racemes  or  panicles. 
Spikelets  1-flowered  and  with  three  scales,  the  third  bearing  three  awns, 
sometimes  united  at  the  base. 

Middle  awn  abruptly  reflexed. 

Not  spiral  at  base.  1.  A.  gracilis. 

Spiral  at  base.  2.  A.  basiramea. 
Middle  awn  not  abruptly  reflexed. 

Awns  12//-36//  long.  3.  A.  oUganthn. 

Awns  9"  or  less  long.  4.  A.  intermedia. 

1.  A.  gracilis  Ell.     Q'-W  high  :   leaves  l/-9/  long,  flat  or  involute  : 
panicles  simple  and  few-flowered,  the  larger  4/-5/  long  :  second  outer 
scale  2//-3//  long,  sharp  pointed  :  flowering  scale  3/7  long,  its  lateral  awns 
erect,  \f/  long,  and   its  central  awn   abruptly  reflexed,  3//-6//  long. — 
Occurs  locally  in  dry  sandy  fields,  five  miles  southeast  of  Grain  Valley. 
September-October. 

2.  A.  basiramea  Engelm.     Resembling  the  last,  but  first  scale  3//-4// 
long  and  second  4//-5//  long  :  flowering  glume  5"  long,  its  central  awn 
tV/-S//  long,  spiral  at  base  :  lateral  awns  3/x  long. — Dry  woods  along  Blue 
i.  ear  Martin  City. 

3.  A.  oligantha  Michx.     Strongly  tufted  and  much  branching,  l°-2° 
high  :  panicles  rather  few-flowered  :  two  lower  scales  awn-pointed,  sub- 
equal,   6//-10//  long  :  awns  spreading,  the  central   l/-3/  long,    slightly 
longer  than  the  lateral  ones. — In  dry  soil  throughout.     Often  very  com- 
mon.    August-October. 

4.  A.  intermedia  S.  &  B.     Annual,  l°-2°  high,  erect  from  a  decum- 
bent and  branching  base  :  panicle  strict,  about  67  long  :  lower  glumes 
sharp-pointed,   3X/-4X/    long,    subequal  :    awns   spreading,    the    central 
6//_9//  loug^  tb.e  lateral  slightly  shorter.— On  sand-bars  along  the  Mis- 
souri River  at  Courtney ;  also  at  Quindaro,  Kansas.     Locally  abundant. 
August-September. 

16.     STIPA  L. 

Usually  tall  grasses.  Glumes  three,  the  flowering  glume  coriaceous, 
convolute  around  the  palet  and  grain,  with  a  hairy  callus  at  base,  and 
bearing  a  long  twisted  awn  articulated  to  the  scale. 

1.  S.  spartea  Trin.  PORCUPINE  GRASS.  2°-4°  tall,  with  long  con- 
volute leaves  :  panicle  long-exserted,  rather  simple  :  awn  S'-S7  long  : 
flowers  early  deciduous. — Common  locally  on  rocky  prairies  around  Lee's 
Summit.  One  of  our  most  peculiar  grasses.  May-June. 

17.     MUHLBNBERGIA  Schreb. 

Spikelets  one-flowered,  borne  in  contracted  panicles.  Glumes  three, 
the  two  outer  thin  and  persistent,  acute  to  awn-pointed.  Flowering 
glume  acute  or  bearing  an  awn. 


GRAMINEAE  23 

Flowering  glume  not  awned. 

Lower  glumes  acute.  1.  M.  sobolifera. 

Lower  glumes  strongly  acuminate. 

Flowering  glume  H/x  or  more  long.  2    M.  Mtricana. 

Flowering  glume  lx/  or  less  long.  3.  M.  polbstachya. 

Lower  glumes  exceeding  flowering  glumes.  4.   M.  racemosa. 
Flowering  glume  awned. 

Lower  glumes  minute  or  wanting.  5.  M.  diffu.ua. 

Lower  glumes  £  to  f  length  of  flowering  glume.         6.  M.  tenuiflora. 

Lower  glumes  equalling  flowering  glume.  7.  M.  sylratica. 

1.  M.   sobolifera    (Muhl.)    Trin.     l°-3°   high,    erect:    leaves  3'- 4' 
long,  2//-3//  wide  :  panicle  very  slender,  much-contracted,  long-exserted, 
2//-6//  long  :  spikelets  lx/  long. — Not  uncommon  in  rocky  woods.     Sep- 
tember-October. 

2.  M.  Mexicana  (L. )    Trin.     Much   branching,    H°-3°    high,  with 
geniculate  culms  :  panicles  both  lateral  and  terminal,  contracted,  with 
appressed  spike-like  branches,  more  or  less  included  :    spikelets  \\ff  or 
more  long  ;  hairs  at  base  of  flowering  glume  few,  short  :  empty  glumes 
equal  or  very  unequal,  longer  or  shorter  than  the  flowering  glume. — 
Common  in  low  woods  along  streams.     August-October. 

3.  M.  polystachya  Mackenzie  &  Bush,  n.  sp.     2°  high,  erect,  much 
branched  :    leaves   1^-2V   long,    l//-2//    wide :    panicles   on   peduncles 
l/-5/  long,  long-exserted,  2/-4/  long,  densely  flowered,  the  lower  branch- 
lets  separated  :   flowers  nearly  sessile,  l/x   long  :   the  glumes  as  in  the 
last  :  hairs  at  base  of  flowering  glume  copious,  ^  to  5  length  of  glume. — 
Open  rocky  woods  east  of  Sibley.     'August-October. 

4.  M.  racemosa  (Michx.)  B.S.P.     Culms  l°-3°  high,  usually  much- 
branched  :   panicle  terminal,  2X-4X  long,  usually  dense  and  spike-like, 
exserted,    the   branches   very   densely   flowered. — Bogs  and    wet   rocky 
woods.     Well  distributed  and  rather  common.     August-October. 

5.  M.  tenuiflora  (Willd.)  B.S.P.     Distinguished  from  No.  7  only  by 
its   shorter   less   acuminate,    empty   glumes. — Dry   woods   near   Sibley. 
A  ugust-October. 

6.  M.  diffusa   Willd.     NIMBLE   WILL.     Culms  much-branched,  dif- 
fusely  spreading   or   prostrate   with   numerous   short    leaves  :    panicle? 
slender   and   contracted,  2X-4X    long,  usually   interrupted. — Often   very 
common  in  dry  woods.     August-October. 

7.  M.  sylvatica  Torr.     Culms  ascending,  l°-3°  high,  bearing  a  con- 
tracted  panicle  3/-6/    long. — Common  in  low  woods  along  the   larger 
streams.     July-October. 

18.     BRACHYELYTRUM  Beauv. 

Perennial  with  erect,  pubescent  culms  and  one-flowered  spikelets  in 
simple  panicles.  Glumes  three,  the  first  two  small  and  inconspicuous, 
the  outer  often  wanting.  Flowering  glume  hard,  5-nerved,  hairy,  long 
awn-pointed,  together  with  the  palet  enclosing  the  grain.  Palet  as  long 


24  GKAMINEAE 

as  the  flowering  glume,  with  a  groove  on  the  back,  in  which  lies  an  awn- 
like  pedicel  about  one  half  its  length. 

1.  B.  erectum  (Schreb. )  Beauv.  LONG-AWNED  WOOD-GRASS.  Oc- 
curs locally  in  rocky  shaded  woods  near  Dodson,  Tarsney  and  Sibley. 

19.     PHLEUM  L. 

Annuals.  Glumes  three,  the  two  outer  equal,  keeled  and  compressed, 
truncate  at  the  apex  and  awued.  Flowering  glume  hyaline,  truncate 
and  erose  at  the  summit. 

1.  P.  pratense  L.  TIMOTHY-GRASS.  Erect,  l°-3°  high,  bearing  a 
long  cylindric  spike  2/-6/  long  :  lower  glumes  ciliate,  bearing  a  short 
awn. — Very  common  in  meadows,  along  railroads,  etc.  June-August. 

20.     ALOPECURUS  L. 

Scales  three,  the  two  lower  compressed  and  keeled,  about  equal,  thin, 
delicate  and  ciliate.  Third  scale  hyaline,  with  a  delicate  awn  on  the 
.back,  about  the  length  of  the  empty  glumes.  Palet  thin  or  wanting. 

1.  A.  geniculatus  L.  MARSH  FOX-TAIL  GRASS.  Culms  tufted, 
about  1°  high  :  upper  sheath  inflated,  often  partly  enclosing  the  spike  : 
spikes  2'--3'  long  :  flowering  glume  awned  from  near  its  base,  the  awn 
-conspicuously  exserted. — Often  common  in  low  wet  fields,  especially  from 
Adams  to  Levasy.  May-June. 

Var.  fulvus  (J.  E.  Smith)  Scribn.  Awn  very  delicate,  short,  barely 
exserted. — Occasionally  found  along  the  Missouri  River.  May-June. 

21.    SPOROBOLUS  R.  Br.     RUSH  GRASS.     DROP-SEED  GRASS. 
Spikelets  in  open  or  spike-like  panicles,  one-flowered,  rarely  two-flow- 
ered.    Glumes  three,  membranous,  the  outer  two  empty,  shorter  than  the 
third.     Palet  similar.     Grain  free  and  early  deciduous  in  most  species. 
Leaves  long  and  involute. 

Panicle  spike-like. 

Culms  stout,  2°-5°  high.  1.  S.  compositus. 

Culms  slender,  1£°  or  less  high. 

Spikelets  2"  long.  2.  S.  vaginaeftorus. 

Spikelets  \\"  long. 

Sheaths  inflated.  3.  8.  neglectus. 

Sheaths  not  inflated.  4.  S.  cuspidatus. 

Panicle  open  and  with  spreading  branches. 

Culms  erect ;  pedicels  not  longer  than  spikelets. 

Grain  Vf  in  diameter,  very  conspicuous.  5.  S.  Jieterolepis. 

Grain  not  conspicuous. 

Panicle  branches  widely  spreading.  8.  S.  airoides. 

Panicle  branches  erect  ascending. 

Sheath>  densely  pilose  at  summit.  7.  8.  cryptandrus. 

Sheaths  very  sparingly  hairy.  6.  S.  nrgutus. 

Culms  decumbent  ;  pedicels  capillary.  9.  S.  asperifolius. 

1.  8.  compositus  (Poir. )  Merrill.  Stout,  tufted  perennial:  leaves 
involute,  G'-IS7  long  :  panicle  partly  included  in  the  upper  sheath,  6' 


GRAMINEAE  25 

long  :  spikelets  2//-2£//  long  :  third  scale  of  the  spikelet  acutish,  as  long 
as  the  palet,  and  somewhat  exceeding  the  second. — Common  in  dry 
grounds  throughout.  July-October. 

2.  S.  vaginaefloms    (Torr.)    Wood.     Tufted,    slender,    6/-12/   high: 
leaves  2x-4'  long,  broad  at  base  and  attenuate  into  a  long  involute  point : 
sheaths  somewhat  inflated,  the  upper  partially  enclosing  the  few-flowered 
simple  panicle  :  spikelets  2//-2£//  long,  the  three  scales  nearly  equal  in 
length,  or  the  outermost  slightly  shorter  and  exceeded  by  the  acutely 
tipped  palet. — In  dry  soil  near  Kansas  City,  Courtney  and  Levasy.     Not 
common.     August-October. 

3.  S.  neglectus  Nash.     G'-IS'  high,  much  branched  and  spreading  : 
leaves  long,  involute,  with  conspicuously  inflated  sheaths  :  panicles  small 
and  numerous,  more  or  less  enclosed  in  the  sheaths  :  spikelets  less  than 
2"  long,  the  acute  palet  slightly  longer  than  the  acute  third  scale  :  second 
scale  slightly  longer  than  the  first  and  shorter  than   the  third.— Often 
common  in  dry  ground  and  well  distributed.     August-October. 

4.  S.  cuspidatus  (Torr.)  Wood.     18'  or  less  high,  branching  :  leaves 
long,  involute  :  panicles  2/-4/  long,  exserted  :  scales  long-acuminate  or 
cuspidate. — On  dry  rocky  hills  north  of  Roanoke,  Kansas  City  and  at 
Swope  Park.     August-September. 

5.  S.  heterolepis  A.  Gray.     Culms  stout,  3°  high  :  leaves  1°  long,  in- 
volute :  panicle  long  exserted,  6/  long  and  \f  wide,  its  branches  short  and 
ascending  :  spikelets  2|/x  long. — Common  on  the  prairie  between  Lee's 
Summit  and  Greenwood  ;  also  near  Buckner.     August-October. 

6.  S.  argutus  (Nees)  Kunth.  1°  high  :  leaves  broad  and  rather 
short  :  sheaths  hairy  at  the  throat  :  panicle  2/-3/  long  with  ascending 
verticillate  branches-:  spikelets  very  small,  \f/  long,  the  first  scale  one- 
quarter  the  length  of  the  second  and  third,  which  are  equal. — One  clump 
found  as  a  waif  near  Westminster  (Kansas  City)  along  the  Belt  Line. 
July-August. 

7.  S.  cryptandrus  (Torr.)  A   Gray.     Culms  2°  high,  densely  tufted  : 
leaves  linear,  6X  long  :  sheaths  very  hairy  at  the  mouth  :  panicle  long, 
narrow  and  slender,  usually  more  or  less  included  :  branches  ascending, 
scattered  or  subverticillate  :  spikelets  I/7  loug,  about  as  in  the  last. — 
Sandy  bottoms  along  the  Missouri  River.     Not  uncommon.     July-Sep- 

«tember. 

8.  S.  airoides  Torr.    2^°  high:    leaves  flat,  attenuate  to  a  long  invo- 
lute point,  sparingly  hairy  at  base  :  panicle  9'  long,  very  compound  with 
widely  spreading  branches :    spikelets  \ff   long,  the  second   and  third 
glumes  equal  and  twice  the  length  of  the  first. — Sparingly  introduced  in 
the  railroad  yards  at  Sheffield.     June. 

9.  S.  asperifoliua  Nees  &  Meyen.     Culms  about  6'  high  from  a  decum- 
bent base  ;    panicle  27-47  long,  partly  included,  ascending,  the  branches 
scabrous :   spikelets  on  long  capillary  pedicels  many  times  their  length  : 


26  GRAMINEAE 

spikelets  \ff  long. — Sandy  fields  in  the  Missouri  Bottom  near  Courtney. 
Local.     August-September. 

/ 
22.     CINNA  L. 

Glumes  three,  the  third  bearing  a  short  awn.     Palet  1- nerved. 

1.  C.  arundinacea  L.  WOOD  REED-GRASS.  Perennial  2°-4°  tall  : 
leaves  flat,  6X  long  :  panicle  about  6X  long,  its  branches  densely  flowered, 
spreading  :  spikelets  2^//  long. — Common  in  moist  woods  and  meadows. 
July-September. 

23.     AGROSTIS  L. 

Outer  glumes  about  equal  or  the  lowest  the  longer.  Flowering  glumes 
and  palet  hyaline,  the  latter  often  very  small  or  wanting.  Seed  adher- 
ent to  pericarp. 

Culms  erect. 

Branches  of  panicle  branching  below  the  middle.  1.  A.  alba. 

Branches  of  panicle  branching  above  the  middle.  2.  A.  hyemalis. 

Culms  weak  and  decumbent.  3.  A.  perennans. 

1.  A.  alba  L.     RED-TOP  GRASS.     Culms  errect  or  ascending,  some- 
times decumbent  at  base,  l°-3°  high,  smooth  :   panicle  4/-10/  long,  con 
tracted  or  open,  and   with  ascending  or  spreading  branches  :   spikelets 
slightly  more  than  l/x  long  :   palet  one-third   the  length  of  the   third 
glume. — Common  in  wet  meadows  and  fields.     May-July. 

2.  A.  hyemalis  (Walt. )  B.S.P.     HAIR-GH ASS.     Culms  densely  tufted, 
l°-2°  high,  slender  :  leaves  ¥-2'  long  :  panicle  branches  capillary  and 
scabrous,  at  first  erect,  at  length  widety  spreading  and  much  branched  : 
spikelets  lx/  long  or  less  :  palet  very  small. — Common.     May-June. 

3.  A.  perennans  (Walt.)  Tuckerm.    THIN-GRASS.    Culms  6'-2°  long  : 
leaves  3'-4r  long  :  panicle  2/-8/  long,  pale  green,  diffusely  spreading,  its 
branches  divided  below  the  middle  :  spikelets  lx/  long  or  less  :  palet  small 
or  wanting. — A  delicate  grass  growing  in  moist  woods  throughout.     Not 
uncommon.     August-September. 

24.     CALAMAGROSTIS  Adans.     REED-GRASS. 
Perennials.     Rachilla  produced  beyond  the  palet  and  hairy.     Glumes 
three,  the  two  outer  empty,  keeled,  membranous  and  about  equal,  the 
third  shorter  and  copiously  hairy  at  base,  short-awned. 

Panicle  open  with  spreading  branches.  1.   C.  Macouniana. 

Panicle  narrow  and  strict,  branches  erect.  2.   C.  inexpansa. 

1.  C.  Macouniana  Vasey.  2°-4°  high  :  panicle  5/-6/  long,  li'-2' 
wide,  the  longer  branches  2'  long,  slender,  straw-colored  :  spikelets  \\ff 
long,  the  outer  glumes  acute,  the  second  slightly  longer  than  the  first  : 
hairs  copious,  the  length  of  the  third  scale,  which  bears  a  delicate  straight 
awn. — Wet  meadows  in  the  Little  Blue  Valley  from  Buckner  and  Lake 
City  to  Atherton.  Locally  rather  common.  May-July. 


GRAMINEAE  27 

2.  C.  inexpansa  A.  Gray.  l£°-3°  high,  stout :  panicle  long,  its 
branches  short  and  erect :  spikelets  straw-colored,  l£//-2//  long,  the  basal 
hairs  about  the  length  of  the  third  glume  :  awn  slightly  bent,  about  the 
length  of  the  glume. — Of  rare  occurrence  in  low  woods  along  the  Missouri 
River  near  Courtney.  June-July. 

25.     CALAMOVILFA  Hack. 

The  rachilla  not  produced,  the  outer  glumes  unequal,  and  the  third 
glume  not  awued.  Otherwise  much  as  in  Calamagrostis. 

1.  C.  longifolia  (Hook.)  Hack.  REED-GRASS.  Glabrous  perennial 
with  long  creeping  rootstocks,  4°-6°  high  :  panicle  10/  long,  narrow, 
interrupted  at  base,  its  branches  erect  :  spikelets  2£//-3//  long. — In  one 
locality  in  the  sandy  Missouri  River  bottom  near  Atherton  ;  also  near 
Harlem,  Clay  County,  Missouri.  August. 

26.     APERA  Adaus. 

An  annual  with  one-flowered  spikelets  in  an  open  panicle.  Rachilla 
produced  beyond  the  flower  in  the  form  of  a  bristle.  Flowers  much  as  in 
Agrostis,  but  the  third  glume  two-toothed  and  bearing  a  long  slender  awn. 
Palet  a  little  shorter,  two-toothed. 

1.  A.  Spica-venti  (L. )  Beauv.  BENT-GRASS.  l°-2°  tall,  with  a  pan- 
icle4/-8/  Jong,  its  branches  capillary  :  spikelets  \f/-\\f/  long,  the  delicate 
awn  3x/-4/x  long. — Very  sparingly  adventized  along  the  railroad  from 
Courtney  to  Sheffield.  June-July. 

27.     HOLCUS  L. 

Spikelets  2-flowered  in  close  panicles.  Glumes  four,  the  two  lower 
empty,  the  first  and  second  three-nerved,  the  third  awnless,  enclosing  a 
perfect  flower,  the  fourth  bearing  a  short  bent  awn  and  enclosing  a  starn- 
inate  flower. 

1.  H.  lanatus  L.  VKLVET-GRASS.  A  softly  pubescent  annual,  1^°-2J° 
high  :  panicle  dense,  2/-3/  long  :  spikelets  2/x  long.—  Rarely  occurs  as  a 
waif  along  railroads  at  Sheffield.  July. 

28.     TRISETUM  Pers. 

Perennials  with  2-4-flowered  spikelets  in  open  panicles.  Two  lower 
glumes  empty,  the  flowering  two-toothed  and  bearing  a  short  bent  or 
flexuous  awn  below  the  apex.  Palet  two-toothed.  Rachilla  extending 
beyond  the  flowers. 

1.  T.  flavescens  (L.)  R.  &  S.  FALSE  OATS.  U°-2£°  high,  smooth  : 
panicles  2/-5/  long,  yellowish,  open,  the  branches  naked  below  :  spikelets 
3-4  flowered. — Sparingly  adventized  along  railroads  from  Courtney  to 
Sheffield.  July-August. 

29.     AVENA  L. 

Lower  flowers  perfect,  upper  imperfect.  Two  lower  scales  large,  empty, 
membranous  and  persistent.  Flowering  glumes  firmer  in  texture,  two- 
toothed.  Palet  narrow. 


28  GEAMINEAE 

1.  A.  sativa  L.  OATS.  Annual,  2°-4°  high  :  leaves  flat :  panicle  con- 
tracted or  with  widely  spreading  branches  :  spikelets  9"  long,  2-flowered, 
the  two  empty  glumes  acute,  scarious  at  apex  and  longer  than  the  flow- 
ers :  perfect  flower  long-awned  or  awnless. — Frequent  in  waste  places, 
and  often  very  abundant  along  railroads.  May-October. 

30.     SPARTINA  Schreb. 

Tall  perennials  from  long  creeping  rootstocks.  Spikelets  1-flowered. 
Glumes  three,  the  two  outer  empty  and  unequal,  the  third  subtending 
the  flower.  Palet  often  larger  than  the  glume. 

1.  S.  cynosuroides  (L.)  Willd.  MARSH-GRASS.  3°-6°  high  :  leaves 
involute,  pointed,  1°  or  more  long  :  spikes  5-25,  2/-5/  long,  short-pedun- 
cled  :  rachis  and  glumes  rough  on  the  margins :  spikelets  closely  imbri- 
cated, G"-?"  long  :  outer  glumes  awn-pointed. — On  wet  prairies  through- 
out the  county,  but  especially  abundant  from  Adams  to  Levasy.  July- 
October. 

31.     SCHEDONNARDUS  Steud. 

A  decumbent  annual  with  short  leaves,  1-flowered  spikelets,  sessile 
and  appressed,  in  spikes.  Glumes  three,  the  two  outer  empty,  acumi- 
nate and  keeled,  the  third  somewhat  longer,  but  similar.  None  awned. 

1.  S.  paniculatus  (Nutt.)  Trelease.  l°-2°  high  :  inflorescence  scab- 
rous, taking  up  three-fourths  of  the  plant  :  spikes  6-10,  distant,  l/-4/ 
long,  widely  spreading. — Locally  common  in  barrens  at  Dodson  and 
Little  Blue  Tank  ;  also  occasionally  adventized  along  railroads.  June- 
July. 

32.     BOUTELOUA  Lag.     MESQUITE  GRASS. 

Eachilla  produced  beyond  the  flower,  bearing  awns  and  scales  Lower 
glumes  keeled.  Flowering  glume  three-toothed  and  awned  or  pointed. 
Palet  2-nerved  and  2-toothed. 

Spikelets  one  to  four.  1.  B.  oligostachya . 

Spikelets  twenty  to  sixty.  2.  B.  curtipendula . 

1.  B.  oligostachya  (Nutt.)  Torr.     Culms  about  1°  high  :  leaves  3'- 
4'  long,  with  a   long  slender  tip  :   spikes  usually  two,  about  V  long, 
curved,  oblong-linear,  many-flowered,  short-peduncled. — Sparingly  ad- 
ventized along  railroads,  especially  at  Sheffield.     June-August. 

2.  B.  curtipendula  (Michx.)  Torr.     Culms  2°-3°  high  :  leaves  T'-IO' 
long,  tapering  to  a  long  slender  point :  spikes  3//-8//  long,  spreading  or 
reflexed. — Common  in  rocky  barrens  in  the  southern  part.     August-Oc- 
tober. 

34.     BECKMANNIA  Host. 

Tall  grasses  with  1-2-flowered  spikelets,  borne  in  close  spikes  in  narrow 
terminal  panicles.  Glumes  three  or  four,  the  two  lower  saccate,  the  flow- 
ering glumes  narrower  and  lanceolate.  Palet  hyaline. 


GRAMINEAE  29 

1.  B.  erucaeformis  (L.)  Host.  RATTLESNAKE  GRASS.  Panicle  6' 
long  :  spikes  12"  long  or  less  :  spikelets  1-flowered,  \"  long.— One  plant 
found  on  the  river  bank  near  Courtney.  June-July. 

34.     ELEUSINE  Gaertn. 

Spikelets  several-flowered,  closely  imbricated  in  two  rows  on  one  side 
of  the  rachis,  thus  forming  spikes  of  which  there  are  several  close  together 
at  the  top  of  the  culm.  Glumes  awnless,  keeled,  the  two  lower  empty, 
the  upper  flower-bearing. 

1.  E.  Indica  (L. )  Gaertn.  YARD  GRASS.  A  decumbent  or  erect  an- 
nual, 2°  or  less  tall  :  spikes  3-6,  2/-4/  long,  spreading  :  spikelets  about 
2/x  long,  3-6-flowered. — A  common  weed  in  waste  places  throughout. 
July-October. 

35.     LEPTOCHLOA  Beauv. 

Spikelets  alternate  in  two  rows  on  side  of  a  long  filiform  rachis,  form- 
ing loosely-flowered  spikes,  the  spikes  racemed  Spikelets  2-many-flow- 
ered.  Two  lower  glumes  empty,  keeled.  Flowering  glume  3-nerved, 
longer  than  the  palet. 

1.  L.  attenuata  Nutt.  8'-3°  high,  with  numerous  flat,  sparingly 
villous  leaves  :  spikes  20-60  :  spikelets  about  3-flowered,  ]/x  long  :  empty 
glumes  strongly  mucronate,  usually  exceeding  the  flower  :  nerves  of  flow- 
ering glumes  sparsely  pubescent. — In  damp  soil  in  the  Missouri  River 
bottoms  from  Sheffield  to  Sibley  ;  Dodson.  Rather  uncommon.  August- 
October. 

36.  FHRAGMITES  Trin. 

Tall  reed-like  perennials  with  long  running  rootstocks  and  with  numer- 
ous broad  flat  leaves.  Spikelets  .in  a  large  terminal  panicle,  3-7- flowered. 
Two  lower  glumes  empty  and  unequal,  the  third  either  neutral  or  stami- 
nate,  the  remaining  flowers  perfect.  Small  palets  and  flowering  glumes 
slender  and  membranous. 

1.  P.  communis  Trin.  REED.  5°-20°  high  :  panicle  often  1°  long, 
with  ascending  branches. — In  low  grounds,  along  the  Missouri  River. 
Uncommon  and  usually  not  flowering.  August-October. 

37.  SIEGLINGIA  Bernh. 

Terminal  flower  often  sterile.  Two  lower  glumes  empty,  keeled. 
Flowering  glume  rounded,  three-nerved,  with  nerves  hairy,  and  three- 
toothed  at  the  apex,  the  nerves,  especially  the  mid-nerve,  excurrent 
as  small  awns.  Palet  broad,  2-keeled. 

Panicle  large  and  spreading,  with  numerous  spikelets.       1.  S.  seslerioides. 
Panicle  small  and  simple,  few-flowered.  2.  S.purpurea. 

1.  S.  seslerioides  (Michx.)  Scribn.  TALL  RED-TOP  GRASS.  A  showy 
perennial,  3°-5°  high,  with  long  pointed  narrow  leaves  :  panicle  9'-15' 
long  :  spikelets  purple,  S"-^'  long,  about  6-flowered. — Common  in  dry 
open  grounds  throughout.  July-September. 


30  GEAMINEAE 

2.  S.  purpurea  (Walt.)  Kuntze.  SAND-GRASS.  A  tufted  animal, 
about  1°  high  :  leaves  short,  sparingly  ciliate  :  panicle  ¥-%'  long. — In 
sand  in  the  Missouri  River  bottom  at  Courtney.  Common  in  one 
locality.  Also  occurs  at  Quindaro,  Kansas.  July-September. 

38.     DIPLACHNE  Beauv. 

Spikelets    several-flowered,    sessile    on    the    rachis,    forming    slender 

spikes.     Two  lower  glumes  empty,  keeled,  acute,  unequal.     Flowering 

•glumes  longer,  1-3-nerved,  2-toothed  and  mucronate  between  the  teeth. 

Spikelets  2//-4//  long.  1.  D.  fascicularis. 

Spikelets  5"-6"  long.  2.   D,  acuminata. 

1.  D.  fascicularis  (Lam.)  Beauv.     A  decumbent  or  ascending  annual, 
l°-3°  high  :  spikes  panicled,  partly  enclosed  in  upper  sheath  :  spikelets 
3//-5//  long,   5-11-flowered. — Often  common  on  muddy   shores  in   low 
grounds.     June-October. 

2.  D.  acuminata   Nash.     Resembles  the  last,  but  spikelets  longer, 
the  flowering  scales  acuminate,  entire   (obtuse  and  two-toothed   in  D. 
fascicularis}. — Often    common    on    mud-flats,    especially    at    Courtney. 
June-September. 

39.     ERAGROSTIS  Beauv. 

Spikelets  paniculate,  2-many-flowered,  flattened.  Two  lower  glumes 
empty,  short  and  keeled,  1-nerved.  Flowering  glumes  keeled,  3-nerved, 
not  pilose  at  base.  Palet  2-nerved,  persistent  on  the  rachis  after  the  rest 
of  the  flower  has  fallen. 

Culms  creeping  and  rooting.  1.  Itypnoides 

Culms  ascending  or  erect. 

Spikelets  large  and  flat,  forming  a  narrow  crowded 

panicle.  2.  E.  major. 

Panicle  open,  its  branches  capillary. 
Culms  H°  high  or  less. 

Spikelets  5-many-flowered.  3.  E.  Pttrsltii. 

Spikelets  2-5-flowered. 

Culms  much-branched.  4.  E.  Frankii. 

Culms  sparingly  branched.  5.  E.  capillaris. 

Culms  1  J°  or  more  high. 

Spikelets  yellowish,  usually  3-5-flowered.  6.  E.  irichodes. 

Spikelets  purplish,  usually  6-10-flowered.  7.  E.  pectlnacea. 

1.  E.   hypnoides    (Lam.)    B.S. P.     Annual,    forming   large   patches 
leaves  short,   6//-18//  long  :    flowering  branches  2/-5/  high  :    spikelets 
dioecious,     10-30-flowered,    2//-8//     long,    clustered. — Common     along 
streams,  especially  along  the  Missouri  River.     June-October. 

2.  E.  major  Host.     6x-2£°    high  :   leaves   flat,    sharp-pointed,    4/-6/ 
long  :  panicle  2/-6/  long,  \\f-^\'  wide :  spikelets   lance-oblong,  3"-6" 
long,    lj/x    wide,    usually   8-20-flowered. — Common    in    waste   places. 
July-October. 

3.  E.  Purshii  Schrad.     Densely-tufted  and   much    branching,  3/-18/ 
high  :   leaves  about  2/  long:    panicle  from  1/-10/  long,  its  branches  loose 


GKAMINEAE  31 

and  spreading :  spikelets  2//-4//  long,  linear-oblong :  flowering  glumes 
with  prominent  lateral  nerves. — Common  in  dry  soil,  especially  on  sand- 
bars along  the  Missouri  River.  June-October. 

4.  E.  Frankii  Steud.     Strongly  tufted  and  much  branched  through- 
out, y-\V  high  :  leaves  2/-5/    long  :  panicle  2/-6/   long,  l'-2'   wide: 
spikelets   \"-\\f/   long. — Often   common  in  damp  sandy   fields   along 
rivers.     June-October. 

5.  E.    capillaris    (L.)   Nees.     Erect,    8M8'  tall,   branching  only   at 
base:  leaves  3/-8/  long:    sheaths  smooth  or  hairy:     panicles  often  1° 
long  and  6'  wide  with  widely  spreading  capillary  branches :  spikelets 
somewhat   terete,    Vf-\\'f  long. — Common  in  dry  soil  throughout.     A 
form  with  most  of  the  spikelets  1-flowered  occurs  south  of  Grain  Valley. 
July-Septem  ber. 

6.  E.  trichodes     (Nutt.)     Nash.     2°-4°    high,    with    long,    narrow 
usually  smooth  leaves  :   panicle  narrow  and  elongated,  sparingly  bearded 
in  the  lower  axils,  1°  or  more  long,  3/-4/  wide,  its  branches  ascending 
and  capillary,  somewhat  flexuous  :   spikelets  2£/x  long. — Sandy  grounds 
in  Rush  Bottom  near  Courtney.     Local  and  uncommon.     July-Septem- 
ber. 

7.  E.  pectinacea    (Michx.)    Steud.     l£°-2£°   high,  with  the  panicle 
taking  up  two-thirds  of  the  plant :  leaves  about  6'  long  :  sheaths  hairy  : 
panicle  8'  or  more  long,  6/  or  more  wide,  strongly  bearded  in  the  axils, 
its    branches  spreading :    spikelets   2//-4//  long,  on    pedicels  at   least 
their   length. — Frequent  in  sandy  fields  and  prairies  and  adventized 
along  railroads.     July-September. 

40.     EATONIA  Raf. 

Spikelets  small,  about  2-fiowered,  in  contracted  panicles.  Two  lower 
glumes  empty,  very  dissimilar,  the  first  acute,  linear,  keeled  and 
1-uerved,  the  second  strongly  obovate,  rounded  or  acute  at  the  apex, 
3-nerved.  Flowering  glumes  narrower,  obtuse,  keeled.  Palet  small  and 
hyaline,  2-nerved. 

Panicle    branches    narrowly    linear    and    loosely 

flowered.  1.  E.  Pennsylvanica. 

Panicle  branches  short  and  thick,  closely  flowered.     2.  E.  obtusata. 

1.  E.  Pennsylvanica  (DC.)  A.  Gray.     U°-3°  high,  with  numerous 
flat  leaves,  2/-6/  long  :   panicle  narrow,  slender  and   loosely  flowered, 
3/-12/  long,  its  branches  short. — Often  common   in  rich  moist  woods, 
especially  in  the  northern  part.     May- June. 

2.  E.  obtusata  (Michx.)  A.  Gray.     Very  erect,  l°-2°  high,  growing 
in  small  clumps  :  leaves  3'-5'  long,  sharp-pointed  :  panicle  2'-4'  long, 
densely  flowered  and  spike-like,  but  interrupted  at  base  :  branches  1'  or 
less  long,  erect. — Common   in   dry  soil   throughout,  in  woods    and  on 
prairies.     May-June. 


32  GRAMINEAE 

41.     KOELERIA  Pers. 

Spikelets  2-5-flowered.  Two  lower  empty  glumes  narrow,  keeled, 
acute  and  unequal  in  length.  Flowering  glumes  obscurely  3-5-nerved. 
Palet  hyaline,  2-nerved. 

1.  K.  crfstata  (L.)  Pers.  Culms  tufted,  l°-2°  high  •  panicle  spike- 
like,  long-peduncled,  2/-4/  long,  6/x  wide  :  branches  very  short  and  com- 
pactly flowered  :  spikelets  2/x  long. — Rocky  prairies  near  Lee's  Summit 
and  rarely  found  along  railroads.  May-June. 

42.     MELICA  L. 

Perennial  grasses  with  2-8-flowered  spikelets  in  open  panicles.  Glumes 
with  broad,  scarious  margins  or  the  lower  scarious  throughout,  the  lower 
empty  glumes  3-5-nerved,  the.upper  flowering  ones  7-13-nerved.  Rachilla 
extending  beyond  the  flowers,  and  bearing  several  small  scales  convolute 
around  each  other. 

1.  M.  diffusa  Pursh.  MELIC  GRASS.  2°-4°  high  :  panicle  4X-8X  long, 
its  branches  spreading,  ascending  or  erect  :  spikelets  usually  3-flowered, 
4i//-5//  long,  with  scabrous  flowering  glumes.— In  rocky  woods  especially 
in  the  southern  part.  Well  distributed  and  very  abundant  locally. 
May-June. 

43.  KORYCARPUS  Zea. 

Perennial  with  running  rootstocks  and  long  flat  leaves.  Spikelets  in  a 
very  simple  panicle,  3-4-flowered.  Two  lower  glumes  empty,  acute  and 
coriaceous,  much  shorter  than  the  flowers.  Flowering  glumes  rounded, 
shortly  mucronate,  coriaceous  and  shining,  but  with  a  narrow  scarious 
margin.  Uppermost  glumes  empty  and  convolute. 

1.  K.  diandrus  (  Michx. )  Kuntze.  2°-4°  high. — Rich  woods  along  the 
bluffs  three  miles  west  of  Sibley.  Not  uncommon  locally.  July. 

44.    UNIOLA  L. 

Spikelets  flat  and  two-edged  in  panicles,  several-many-flowered,  3-6  of 
the  lower  glumes  empty,  the  flowering  glumes  much-keeled  and  many- 
nerved.  Uppermost  glumes  often  smaller  and  empty.  Palets  sharply 
2-keeled,  half  the  size  of  the  glume. 

1.  U.  latifolia  Michx.  SPIKE  GRASS.  2°-5°  high  :  panicle  about  6X 
long,  one-sided,  its  branches  spreading  or  pendulous :  spikelets  7//-10// 
long,  6//-8//  wide,  oblong,  5-10-flowered,  very  flat,  on  long  capillary 
often  drooping  pedicels. — In  rocky  woods.  Local.  Swope's  Park  to 
south  of  Dodson,  Little  Blue  Tank  and  Sibley.  August-October. 

45.     DISTICHLIS  Raf. 

Dioecious  perennials  with  many-flowered  spikelets  in  a  dense  spike- like 
panicles.  Leaves  flat  at  base  but  involute,  pointed.  Spikelets  com- 
pressed. Glumes  coriaceous,  the  two  lower  empty,  keeled,  few-nerved, 
shorter  than  the  broader,  acute,  many-nerved  flowering  ones.  Palet  two- 
keeled. 


GRAMINEAE  33 

1.  D.  spicata  (L. )  Greene.  SPIKE-GRASS.  Flowering  culms  5' high, 
the  sterile  much  taller,  rigid  and  very  leafy  :  spikelets  clustered,  7-12, 
ovate-lanceolate,  8"  long,  2£"  wide,  8-12-flowered. — A.  large  patch  of 
the  pistillate  plants  adventized  in  the  railroad  yards  at  Sheffield.  Our 
form  is  var.  strida  Scribn.  May-June. 

46.     DACTYLIS  L. 

Spikelets  3-5-flowered  in  one-sided  clusters  in  a  dense  panicle.  Two 
lower  glumes  empty,  scarious-margined,  mucronate-pointed,  unequal,  the 
flowering  5-nerved,  larger  and  short-awned  or  mucronate.  Palet  shorter, 
2-keeled. 

1.  D.  glomerata  L.  ORCHARD  GRASS.  A  rough  perennial  2°-4° 
high  :  panicles  5X-8X  long,  its  branches  naked  at  base  :  spikelets  4X/  long, 
in  dense  clusters,  3-5-flowered. — Often  planted  and  frequently  found  in 
waste  places,  yards  and  meadows  throughout.  May-June. 

47.    POA  L.     MEADOW  GRASS. 

Spikelets  compressed,  2-10-flowered,  paniculate.  Glumes  keeled,  the 
two  empty  ones  shorter  than  the  flowers,  1-3-nerved.  Flowering  glumes 
scarious  margined,  5-nerved,  usually  with  a  tuft  of  cobwebby  hairs  at 
base,  and  the  chief  nerves  pubescent.  Palet  shorter,  2-nerved. 

Annuals  less  than  12'  high . 

Flowering  glumes  cobwebby  at  base.  1.  P.  Chapmaniana. 

Flowering  glumes  not  cobwebby  at  base.  2.  P.  annua. 

Perennials,  more  than  12'  high. 

Culms  flattened.  3.  P.  compressa. 

Culms  terete,  panicle  branches  erect.  4.  P.  nemoralis. 

Culms  terete,  panicle  branches  spreading. 
Panicle  branches  2-6  together. 
Spikelets  shorter  than  pedicels. 

Flowering  glumes  obscurely  nerved.  5.  P.  flava. 

Flowering  glumes  strongly  nerved. 

Flowering  glumes  silky-pubescent.  6.  P.  pratensis. 

Flowering  glumes  not  silky-pubescent.       7.  P.  trivinlis. 
Spikelets  exceeding  pedicels.  8.  P.  sylvestris. 

Panicle  branches  1-2  together.  9.  P.  WoJfii. 

1.  P.  Chapmaniana  Scribn.    SOUTHERN  SPEAR-GRASS.   Tufted,  3'-12' 
high,  erect:  panicle  l/-4/  long  :  spikelets  \\ff  long,  3-7-flowered  :  flow- 
ering glume  JJ"  long,  cobwebby  at  base,  rather  obscurely  3-5-nervedr 
the  nerves  pilose. — Common  in  sandy  soil.     April-May. 

2.  P.  annua  L.     SPEAR-GRASS.     Like  the  last  but  ascending  or  spread- 
ing :  flowering  glumes  distinctly  5-nerved  and  not  cobwebby  at  base. — 
Sparingly  adventized  at  Courtney.     May-July. 

3.  P.  compressa  L.     WIRE  GRASS.     Culms  12/-20/  high,  flattened, 
from  long  spreading  rootstocks  :  panicle  \\f-W  long,  3//-6//  wide:  branches 
ascending,  spikelet-bearing throughout :  spikelets  \\"  long,  3-10-flowered: 
flowering  glume  3-nerved,  sparingly  pubescent  on  the  nerves  toward  the 
base. — in  waste  places.    Well  distributed  but  not  common.    June-August. 

3 


34  GKAMINEAE 

4.  P.  nemoralis  L.     Culms  20/-30/  high,  erect,  simple  and  glabrous  : 
panicle  slender,  5/-S/  long,  its  branches  erect  or  ascending,  l/-3/  long  : 
spikelets  H/x  long,  2-4-flowered  :  flowering  glumes  cobwebby  at  base  and 
hairy  on  the  mid  and  marginal  nerves  below  the  middle. — Sparingly 
adventized  in  moist  ground  along  the  railroads  at  Sheffield  and  Courtney. 
May-July. 

5.  P.  flava  L.    MEADOW  GRASS.    Culms  2°-3°  tall,  in  clumps:  sheaths 
smooth  :  panicle  open  with  spreading  branches,  8/-15/  long  :  spikelets 
2-4-flowered,    \\ff   long,  short-pedicel  led  :   flowering  glumes  obscurely 
5-nerved,  the  mid  and  marginal  nerves  hairy  below. — In  wet  grounds. 
Not  common.     Springy  places  at  Burge  Park.     May. 

6.  P.  pratensis   L.     KENTUCKY  BLUE  GRASS.     Culms  KK-3^0  tall, 
erect,  from  long  running  rootstocks  :  panicle  I'-S'  long,  usually  pyram- 
idal, its  branches  erect,  ascending  or  spreading  :  spikelets  3-5-flowered, 
short-pedicelled  or  nearly  sessile,  \\f/-'Z\'f  long :    flowering  glume  5- 
uerved,  cobwebby  at  base  and  hairy  below  on  the  keel  and  margin.    Very 
common  in  all  kinds  of  situations  throughout.     April -June. 

7.  P.  trivialis   L.     ROUGH   MEADOW  GRASS.     Culms  l°-3°  high : 
sheaths  and  leaves  very  rough  :  panicle  4/-6/  long  :  spikelets  usually  2- 
ilowered,  \\f/  long  :  flowering  glumes  strongly  5-nerved,  only  the  mid- 
nerve  hairy.— Sparingly  adventized  at  Courtney.     June-August. 

8.  P.    sylvestris    A.    Gray.      WOOD  GRASS.      Culms    weak,    l°-3° 
"high,  erect :  panicle  4X-7X  long,  its  branches  ascending  toreflexed:  spike- 
lets  \ff-\\f/  long,  2-3-flowered  :  flowering  glumes  plainly  5-nerved,  cob- 
webby and   persistent  below. — Common   in  woods  throughout.     May- 
June. 

9.  P.  Wolfii  Scribn.     Culms  tufted,  2°-2£°  high  :  panicle  3'-4'  long, 
its  branches  ascending,  rather  few-flowered  :  spikelets  2//-3//  long,  2-4- 
flowered  :  flowering  glumes  cobwebby  at  base,  the  mid  and   marginal 
nerves  pubescent  for  three-fourths  of  their  length. — Common  in   dry 
woods  in  one  locality  on  the  Blue  River  Bluffs  opposite  the  mouth  of 
Brush  Creek.     April-May. 

48.    PANICULARIA  Fabr.    MANNA  GRASS. 
Spikelets  paniculate,  terete  or  flattish,  several-many-flowered.     Two 
lower  glumes  empty,  the  flowering  glumes  rounded,  5-9-nerved,  scarious 
at  the  apex.     Palets  2-keeled. 

Spikelets  \"-\\"  long,  oblong.  1.  P.  nervata. 

Spikelets  6X/  or  more  long,  linear.  2.  P.  fluitans. 

1.  P.  nervata  (Willd.)  Kuntze.  Culms  erect,  2°-3°  high:  panicle 
5/-8/  long,  its  branches  at  first  erect,  then  spreading,  and  finally  drooping  : 
spikelets  3-7-flowered,  very  readily  breaking  up  at  maturity. — Common 
in  wet  places  throughout,  but  especially  in  the  northern  part.  May- 

July. 


GEAMINEAE  35 

2.  P.  fluitans  (L.)  Kuntze.  Culms  flat,  large  and  stout,  l°-5°  long, 
erect  or  decumbent :  panicle  1°  long  with  erect  or  spreading  branches  : 
spikelets  7-13-flowered. — Low  grounds  west  of  Buckner.  May- August. 

49.     FESTUCA  L.     FESCUE  GRASS. 

Spikelets  2-several-flowered,  paniculate  or  racemose.  Two  lower 
glumes  empty,  keeled.  Flowering  glumes  3-nerved,  rounded  on  the 
back,  acute  or  awned.  Palet  a  little  shorter,  usually  adhering  to  the 
grain  ao  maturity. 

Flowering  glumes  awned  ;  annuals.  1.  F.  octoflora. 

Flowering  glumes  not  awned  ;  perennials. 

Spikelets  4£x/  or  more  long.  2.  F.  elalior. 

Spikelets  3"  or  less  long. 

Spikelets  obovate,  crowded  at  the  ends  of  the  branches.    3.  F.  obtusa. 
Spikelets  lanceolate,  not  crowded  at  the  ends  of  the 

branches.  4.  F.  nutans. 

1.  F.  octoflora  Walt.     Culms  erect,  tufted,  4M8'  high  :  leaves  l/-2/ 
long,  bristle-form  :   panicle  simple  and  spike-like,  l/-3/  long  :   spikelets 
flat,  oblong,  2J//-4//  long,  6-13-flowered. — Frequent  in  dry,  sandy  soil, 
especially  in  bottoms  along  the  Missouri  River.     May. 

2.  F.  elatior  L.     MEADOW  FESCUE.     Culms  l°-3°  high,  erect,  gla- 
brous :  leaves  numerous,  2/-15/  long  :   panicle  simple  or  compound  with 
short,  erect,  crowded  branches  4/-14/  long  :  spikelets  5-8-flowered,  \\ff  or 
more  long :    flowering  glumes  obscurely  5-nerved,   scarious  margined, 
acutish. — Common  in  waste  places,  streets,  along  railroads,  etc.     June- 
August. 

3.  F.  obtusa  Spreng.     Spikelets  crowded  at  the  ends  of   the  widely 
spreading  branches  of  the  large  panicle,  S^'-S"  long  :  flowering  glumes 
2X/  long,  obtuse.     Otherwise  like  the  next  from  which,  however,  it  is 
very  different  in  aspect. — Woods  and  prairies.     Widely  distributed  in  the 
southern  part,  but  not  common.     June-July. 

4.  F.  nutans  Willd.     Culms  l%°-3°  tall,  erect,  glabrous  or  sometimes 
pubescent :  leaves  l^//-3//  wide,  4/-10/  long  :  panicle  very  scabrous,  4'- 
10'  long,  the  branches  erect  or  spreading  in  age,  flower-bearing  at  the 
extremities  :  spikelets  3-5-flowered  :   flowering  glumes  2//  long,  acute. — 
Common  in  rich,  rocky  woods.     May-June. 

50.     BROMUS  L.     CHESS. 

Spikelets  borne  in  terminal  panicles,  5-many-flowered.  Empty  glumes 
1-3-nerved,  acute.  Flowering  glumes  3-9-nerved,  rounded  or  compressed, 
keeled  on  the  back,  apex  mostly  2-cleft,  and  usually  awned  below  the 
summit.  Grain  adhering  to  the  two-keeled  palet,  which  is  shorter  than 
the  scale.  Styles  attached  below  the  apex  of  the  ovary. 

Lower  empty  glume  1-nerved,  upper  3-nerved.  1.  B.  purgam. 

Lower  empty  glumes  3-nerved,  upper  5-9-nerved. 


36  GRAMINEAE 

Flowering  glumes  hairy.  2.  B.  hordeaceus. 
Flowering  glumes  smooth. 

Awns  the  length  of  the  glumes. 

Leaves  and  sheaths  hairy.  3.  B.  racemosus 

commutatus. 

Leaves  and  sheaths  densely  whitish  pubescent.  4.  B.  arvensis. 

Awns  shorter  than  the  glumes.  5.  B.  secalinus. 

1.  B.  purgans  L.     WILD  CHESS.     Culms  erect,  2°-4°  high  :  whole 
plant  more  or  less  pubescent :  panicle  5/-10/  long,  the  branches  erect, 
spreading  or  drooping  :  spikelets  W-12"  long,  5-10-flowered  :  flowering 
glumes  densely  appressed-pubescent  all  over,  and  bearing  an  awn  2//-4// 
long. — Common  in  rocky  woods.     May-July. 

Var.  incanus  Shear.  GRAYISH  WILD  CHESS.  Culms  tall  and  very 
leafy  :  sheaths  overlapping  and  densely  soft  pilose-pubescent. — Along 
Little  Blue  River  in  low  land.  July-August. 

2.  B.  hordeaceus  L.     SOFT  CHESS.     l°-3°  high,  pubescent  all  over  : 
panicle  often  somewhat  nodding  :   flowering  glumes  4$x/  or   less  long, 
prominently  nerved,  bearing  an  awn  of  their  own  length. — Sparingly 
adveutized  along  railroads  at  Sheffield.     June. 

3.  B.  racemosus  commutatus   Hook.   f.     FALSE  CHESS.     LARGER 
CHEAT  GRASS.     Closely  resembles  B.  secalinus,  but  it  is  reflexed  hairy  on 
the  sheaths  :  flowering  glumes  plainly  nerved,  4//-5//  long  and  bearing  an 
awn  of  their  own  length. — In  similar  situations  as  B.  secalinus^  but  much 
less  common.     May-June. 

4.  B.  arvensis  L.     FIELD  CHESS.     Culms  erect,  l°-3°  high  :  sheaths 
and  leaves  softly  and  densely  pubescent :  panicle  S'-S'  long,  simple,  its 
branches  widely  spreading  or  ascending,  bearing  1-3  spikelets  above  the 
middle,   the  longer  often  5X  long  :   spikelets  over  9X/  long,  lanceolate, 
8-12-flowered. — Sparingly  adventized  along  railroads  at  Sheffield.    June. 

5.  B.  secalinus  L.     CHESS.     An  erect  annual,  l°-3°  high  :   sheaths 
glabrous  :  panicle  3/-8/  long,  the  branches  ascending  :  spikelets  9X/  or  less 
long,   5-11-flowered,   erect  or  somewhat  pendulous :   flowering  glumes 
obscurely  nerved,  3//-4//  long,  bearing  a  more  or  less  flexuous  awn  4X/ 
or  less  long,  or  sometimes  awuless. — Common  in  fields  and  waste  places. 
May-June. 

51.     LOLIUM  L. 

Spikelets  flattened,  several-many-flowered,  sessile  and  solitary  at  each 
join  of  the  continuous  rachis,  the  edges  turned  towards  the  rachis. 
Flowering  glume  rounded,  5-7-nerved. 

1.  L.  perenne  L.  RYE  GRASS.  A  smooth  erect  perennial,  l0-2^° 
high  :  spikes  37-9x  long :  spikelets  5-10-flowered,  4//-6//  long,  the 
empty  glumes  strongly  nerved  and  shorter  than  the  flower :  flowering 
glumes  acute. — Rarely  adventized  along  railroads  from  Courtney  to 
Sheffield.  May-June. 

Var.  Italicum  (R.  Br. )  Scribn.  Flowering  glumes  bearing  awns  of 
their  own  length. — With  the  species. 


GRAMINEAE  37 

52.    AGROPYRON  Gaertn.     COUCH  GRASS. 

Spikelets  3-raany-flowered,  sessile  and  alternate  at  each  joint  of  the 
continuous  rachis.  Two  lower  glumes  empty,  the  flowering  5-7-nerved, 
rounded  on  the  back  and  usually  short-awned. 

Plants  with  running  rootstocks. 

Plants  glaucous  ;  spikelets  divergent.  1.  A.  occidentale. 

Plants  green  ;  spikelets  appressed. 

Empty  scales  much  shorter  than  the  flowering.     2.  A.repens. 
Empty  scales  almost  equal  to  the  flowering.  3.  A.  pseudorepens. 

Plants  without  running  rootstocks. 

Awns  shorter  than  flowering  glumes.  4.  A.  tenerum. 

Awns  as  long  as  flowering  glumes.  5.  A.  caninum. 

1.  A.   occidentale  Scribn.  &  Smith.      2°-3°   high :    leaves  involute 
when  dry,  smoothish  beneath,  scabrous  above :  spike  4/-7/  long  :  spike- 
lets  6//-9//   long,  6-10-flowered :   glumes  acuminate  or  short-awned. — 
Commonly  introduced  along  railroads,  where  it   occurs  in  great  beds. 
June-July. 

2.  A.  repens    (L.)    Beauv.     2°-4°   high:    leaves    flat,    7/-10/   long, 
rough  above,  smooth  beneath  :    spike  5'-ll'  long:    rachis  slightly  hispid 
to   pubescent :    spikelets   6/x   long,  3-7-flowered :    the   glabrous  glumes 
short-awned. — Adventized  along  railroads,  especially  at  Lee's  Summit 
where  a  peculiar  pubescent  forms  occurs.     June-July. 

3.  A.  pseudorepens  Scribn.  &  Smith.    Resembles  the   last,  but  the 
leaves  are  rough  on  both  sides  and  the  empty  glumes  nearly  equal  the 
flowering  ones. — Sparingly  adventized  at  Courtney  and  Sheffield.     July- 
August. 

4.  A.  tenerum  Vasey.      1J°-2J°   high:    leaves  narrow  and  rough: 
spike  slender,  3/-6/  long,  the  few-flowered  spikelets  appressed   to  the 
rachis,  4//-7//  long :    empty  glumes  5-nerved,  acute,  the  flowering  acu- 
minate or  short-awned. — Rarely  adventized  at  Sheffield.     June-July. 

5.  A.  caninum  (L.)  R.  &  S.     l°-3°  high  :  lower  sheaths  often  pubes- 
cent :  leaves  rough  above,  smooth  beneath  :  spikes  densely  flowered,  4/-7/ 
long,  the  spikelets  6X/  or  more  long. — Rarely  adventized  along  railroads. 
June-July. 

53.     HORDEUM  L. 

Flowers  in  close  terminal  spikes  three  at  each  joint  of  the  rachis,  but 
the  lateral  flowers  imperfect  and  stalked.  Central  flower  sessile,  its  flow- 
ering glume  long  awned.  Empty  glumes  6,  awn-pointed,  forming  a  sort 
of  an  involucre. 

Awn  of  flowering  glume  6X/  or  less  long.  1.  H.  pusillum. 

Awn  of  flowering  glume  8X/  or  more  long.  2.  H.  jubatum. 

1.  H.  pusillum  Nutt.  WILD  BARLEY.  Erect  annual,  6'-15'  high  : 
spikes  l'-3'  long,  3x/-4/x  wide  :  four  middle  empty  glumes  dilated  above 
the  base,  the  two  lateral  awn-like  :  lateral  flowers  not  awn-pointed. — 
Common  in  dry  soil  throughout.  May -June. 


38  GEAMINEAE 

2.  H.  jubatum  L.  SQUIRREL  TAIL  GRASS.  l°-2°  high,  ascending  : 
spikes  2/-4/  long,  the  awns  widely  spreading,  so  that  it  is  l'-2'  wide  : 
awns  of  flowering  glume  8"-24"  long  :  lateral  flowers  short-awned.— In- 
troduced locally  in  waste  places.  Very  abundant  at  Sheffield.  May- 
June. 

54.    ELYMUS  L.     WILD  RYE. 

Spikelets  all  similar,  one-seven-flowered  in  dense  terminal  spikes,  ses- 
sile, 2-4  at  each  joint  of  the  rachis.  Empty  glumes  two  to  each  spikelet 
forming  a  sort  of  involucre.  Flowering  glumes  rounded  on  the  back, 
awned,  5-nerved. 

Empty  glumes  conspicuously  thickened  at  base. 

Flowering  glumes  smooth.  1.  E.  Virginicus. 

Flowering  glumes  hispidulous-pubescent.  2.  E.  hirsutiglumis. 
Empty  glumes  not  conspicuously  thickened  at  base. 

Empty  glumes  strongly  hirsute.  3.  E.  striatus. 

Empty  glumes  not  strongly  hirsute.  4.  E.  Canademis. 

1.  E.  Virginicus  L.     Culms  stout,  glabrous,  2°-4°  high :  spike  2/-5/ 
long,  5x/-7/x  wide  (without  awns),  erect,  from  partly  included  in  the 
upper  sheath  to  long-peduncled :    spikelets  2-3-flowered,  2-3  together : 
empty  glumes  strongly  5-7-nerved,  bearing  awns  of  their  own  length. — 
Common  in  woods  and  low  grounds.     June-October. 

2.  E.  hirsutiglumis  Scribn.     Resembles  No.  1.     Spike  glaucous- whit- 
ened :    empty  glumes  rough :    flowering  glumes  strongly   hispidulous- 
pubescent. — Frequent  on  muddy  river  banks  and  in  low  woods.     June- 
October. 

3.  E.  striatus  Willd.     2°-4°  high,  slender :  sheaths  strongly  pubescent: 
spikes  2x-5'  long,  4//-5//  wide   (without  awns),  erect,  long-exserted : 
spikelets  1-2-flowered,  mostly  in  pairs :  empty  glumes  subulate,  3-nerved: 
flowering  glume  3X/  long,  bearing  an  awn  12/x  long. — Common  in  dry 
soil. 

4.  E.  Canadensis  L.     Culms  stout,  glabrous,  3°-4°  high  :  spike  3'-9' 
long,    6x/-8/x   wide    (without  the  awns),  erect  to  drooping,  exserted : 
empty  glumes  rough,  strongly  several-nerved,  15/x  long  with  the  awn  ; 
flowering  glumes  soft-pubescent,  the  awn  SK'-IS"  long. — Occasional  in 
dry  grounds.     June-October. 

Var.  robustus  (S.  &  S. )  Mackenzie  &  Bush,  n.  comb.  Spikes  9X/  wide 
(without  awns),  5' -8'  long:  flowering  glumes  hispidulous-pubescent,  the 
awns  often  24/x  long. — Abundant  in  dry  grounds.  (Elymus  robustus  S.  &S- ) 

Var.  glaucifolius  (Willd.)  Gray.  Whole  plant  strongly  glaucous: 
flowering  glumes  soft  pubescent.  Otherwise  like  var.  robustus. — Occa- 
sional in  dry  grounds,  throughout,  especially  abundant  at  Little  Blue 
Tank. 

55.    HYSTRIX  Moench.     BOTTLE-BRUSH  GRASS. 

Spikelets  in  terminal  spikes,  2-3  together  at  each  joint  of  the  rachis, 
2-3-flowered,  on  a  short  pedicel.  Empty  glumes  awl-shaped,  usually 


CYPERACEAE  39 

absent,  except  in  the  bottom  spikelet,  but  sometimes  present  in  all  the 
spikelets.     Otherwise  as  in  EJymus. 

1.  H.  elymoides  Mackenzie  &  Bush,  nom.  nov.  Culms  2°-4°  high  : 
spikes  3/-6/  long,  more  or  less  exserted  :  spikelets  4//-5// long  :  awn  often 
12"  long  :  glumes  glabrous  to  hairy. — Frequent  in  rocky  woods.  June- 
July.  (Elymus  Hystrix  L.  ;  Hystrix  Hystrix  ( L. )  Millsp. ) 

FAMILY  14.    CYPERACEAE  J.  St.  Hil. 

Grass  or  rush-like  herbs  with  usually  solid-triangular  culms  (some- 
times terete  or  flattened).  Flowers  arranged  in  spikelets,  one  in  the 
axil  of  each  scale.  Perianth  none  or  composed  of  bristles  or  scales. 
Stamens  one  to  three.  Ovary  one-celled,  containing  a  single  erect  anat- 
ropous  ovule.  Style  2-3-cleft.  Fruit  a  3-sided  or  lenticular  achene. 
Embryos  minute  at  the  base  of  the  mealy  endosperm.  A  difficult  family, 
for  the  study  of  which  ripe  fruiting  specimens  are  essential. 

Flowers  all,  or  at  least  some  of  them,  perfect. 

Scales  of  the  spikelet  strictly  two-ranked. 

Spikelets  in  a  terminal  inflorescence. 

Spikelets  with  two  or  more  perfect  flowers.        1.  CYPKRUS. 
Spikelets  with  but  one  perfect  flower.  2.  KYLLINGA. 

Inflorescence  axillary.  3.  DULICHIUM. 

Scales  of  spikelets  imbricated  all  around. 
Base  of  style  swollen  and  bulbous. 

Bristles  (perianth)  present.  4.  ELEOCHAKIS. 

Bristles  not  present. 

Base  of  style  persistent.  5.  STENOPHYLLTJS. 

Base  of  style  not  persistent.  6.  FIMBRISTYLIS. 

Base  of  style  not  swollen  and  bulbous. 
Perianth  bristles  present. 

Broad  inner  scales  absent.  7.  SCIRPUS. 

Broad  inner  scales  present.  8.  FUIRENA. 

Perianth    bristles   absent,    but    a    minute 

hyaline  scale  present.  9.  HEMICARPHA. 

Flowers  all  monoecious  or  dioecious. 

Achene  naked  and  bony.  10.  SCLERIA. 

Acheue  enclosed  in  a  sac  (perigynium).  11.  CAKEX. 

1.     CYPERUS  L. 

Culms  triangular,  bearing  the  spikelets  in  a  terminal  compound  or 
single  cluster  or  head,  subtended  by  one  or  more  leaves  which  form  an 
involucre.  Spikelets  flattened,  the  scales  two-ranked  and  keeled.  Flow- 
ers perfect  and  perianth  none.  Style  2-  or  3-cleft  and  achene  lenticular 
or  triangular. 

Achene  lenticular  ;  style  2-cleft. 

Styles  much  exserted.  1.  C.  dianclrus. 

Styles  scarcely  exserted.  2.   C.  rivularis. 

Achene  triangular  ;  style  3-cleft. 

Scales  tips  recurved  or  recurved-awned. 

Scales  tipped  with  a  recurved  awn.  3.   C.  inflexus. 

Scale  tips  merely  recurved.  4.   C.  acuminatus. 


40  CYPERACEAE 

Scale  tips  not  recurved  or  recurved-awned. 
Annuals. 

Scales  falling  from  spikelets.  6.   C.  erythrorhizos. 

Spikelets  falling  from  rachis. 

Leaves  rough -margined.  7.  C.  speciosus. 

Leaves  smooth-margined.  8.   C.  ferox. 

Perennials. 

Spreading  by  tuberiferous  stolons.  5.   C.  esculentus. 

Propagating  by  corm-like  basal  tubers. 
Scales  green  or  brownish. 

Spikelets  3-flowered.  10.   C.  ovularis. 

Spikelets  more  than  3-flowered. 

Culms  rough  on  the  angles.  12.   C.  Bushii. 

Culms  almost  smooth  on  the  angles.        11.   C.  JUuulmis. 
Scales  yellow  or  straw-colored.  9.   C.  strigosus. 

1.  C.  diandms  Torr.     Annual,  2/-12/  high  with  about  three  leaves  to 
the  involucre  :  spikelets  sessile  or  on  short  rays,  linear-oblong,  many- 
flowered  :  scales  brownish,  membranous  and  dull  :  achene  oblong,  not 
shining,  its  superficial  cells  quadrate. — Along  streams.     Often  abundant 
on  sand-bars  along  the  Missouri  River.     June-October. 

2.  C.  rivularis  Kunth.     Closely  resembles  the  last  but  the  styles  are 
scarcely  exserted,  and  the  scales  are  subcoriaceous  and  shining. — Wet, 
grassy  places.     More  or  less  common  throughout.     June-October. 

3.  C.  inflexus  Muhl.     Sweet-smelling  annual,  i?-&  high,  growing  in 
dense  clumps  :  spikelets  in  close  heads  or  with  a  few  short  rays  :   spike- 
lets  linear-oblong,   2//-3//   long,   7-1 3-flowered. — Common  on  sand-bars 
along  the  Missouri  River.     June-October. 

4.  C.  acuminatus  Torr.  &  Hook.     Culms  3/-12/  high  :  spikelets  capi- 
tate or  with  1-4  short  rays  :  spikelets  oblong,  many-flowered. — Exsic- 
cated places. — Locally  abundant.    Dodson,  Greenwood,  Lake  City,  Grain 
Valley.     July-September. 

5.  C.  esculentus  L.     Culms  l°-2^°  high  :  umbel  4-10-rayed,  the  rays 
much  shorter  than  the  longest  of  the  involucral  leaves  :   spikelets  some- 
what flattened,  straw  colored,  in  loose  spikes  4X/-6X/  long,  many-flowered  : 
scales  nerved  with  acute,  rather  loose  tips. — In  low  grounds.     Frequent, 
especially  on  sand-bars  along  the  Missouri  River.     June-October. 

6.  C.  erythrorhizos   Muhl.     Culms  tufted,  3x-2^0   high  :  involucral 
leaves  3-7,  much  longer  than  the  rays  of  the  compound  umbel  :  spikelets 
numerous,  crowded  in  oblong  spikes,  2^/-Q//  long,  chestnut  brown,  flat : 
scales  mucronulate,  separating  from  the  axis  at  maturity.      Wings  of  the 
rachis  soon  separating  as  a  pair  of  hyaline  scales. — Along  streams.     Ex- 
tremely abundant  on  sand-bars  along  the  Missouri  River.    May-October. 

7.  C.  speciosus  Vahl.     In  general  appearance  much  resembling  the 
last  sptcies,  but  usually  lower  :   leaves  rough-margined  :  spikelets  sub- 
terete,  linear,  many-flowered,  3//-12//  long,  dull- brown,  1"  or  less  wide: 
rachis  broadly-winged,  the  wings  clasping  the  achene :  scales  obtuse,  over- 
lapping, thin,  dull-brown. — Common  on   sand-bars  along  the  Missouri 
River.     June-October. 


CYPEKACEAE  41 

8.  C.  ferox  Vahl.     Like  the  last  but  leaves  smooth -margined  :  umbel 
more  simple  :  spikelets  stouter,  rather  longer  and  about  \f/  thick  :  scales 
rigid,    yellowish-brown.—  Collected    on   sand-bars   along    the    Missouri 
Eiver.     June-October. 

9.  C.  strigosua  L.     Culms  6'-3°  high  :  leaves  rough-margined,  those 
of  the  involucre  exceeding  the  rays  :  umbels  simple  to  very  compound  : 
spikelets  4-many-  flowered,  flat,  M'-W  long:  scales  straw-colored  with 
a  green  midrib,   acutish  :    achene  linear-oblong.— Common  throughout 
in  damp  soil.     Exceedingly  variable.     June-October. 

Var.  robustior  Kunth.  With  a  large  compound  umbel  :  spikelets  8' 
or  more  long  and  10-25-flowered. — Frequent  with  the  type. 

10.  C.  ovularis  (Michx.)  Torr.     6'-2°  high:   leaves  very  rough-mar- 
gined :  spikelets  2//-3£//  long,  about  3-flowered,  in  dense  globose,  sessile 
or  peduncled  heads  :  scales  green,  several-nerved. — Sparingly  adventized 
at  Sheffield.     May-September. 

11.  C.  filiculmis  Vahl.     Culms  slender  and  wiry,  6M8'  high  :  spike- 
lets  densely  clustered,  in  one  sessile  head,  or  in  1-7  additional  heads  on 
spreading  rays:   spikelets  4-1 1-flowered,  2i//-6//  long  :   scales  strongly 
nerved. — Dry  sterile  soil,  throughout,  especially  in  the  southern  part,  but 
not  common.     May -September. 

12.  C.  Bushii  Britton.     Culms  1°-2J°  high  :   umbel  2-9-rayed,  the 
spikelets  in  loose,  ovoid  spikes  :  spikelets  loosely  6-12-flowered,  4//-8// 
long  :  scales  strongly  nerved,  acuminate. — One  clump  was  found  native 
in  sandy  soil  in  Rush  bottom  at  Courtney  many  years  ago,  and  it  has 
rarely  been  adventized  along  the  railroad  at  the  same  place.     June-Sep- 
tember. 

2.     KYLLINGA  Rottb. 

Spikelets  of  tin  ee  or  four  two-ranked  scales,  the  two  lower  empty,  the 
third  with  a  perfect  flower  and  the  fourth  empty  or  staminate.  Spikelets 
densely  aggregated  in  1-3  sessile  heads  and  subtended  by  a  3-leaved  invo- 
lucre. Style  2-cleft  and  achene  lenticular.  Perianth  none. 

1.  K.  pumila  Michx.  A  densely  tufted  annual,  2/-10/  high  with  usu- 
ally 3-lobed  heads  of  spikelets,  3//-4//  long:  spikelets  \\"  long.— In 
moist  soil,  mostly  confined  to  the  northeastern  part,  where  it  is  often  very 
abundant.  July-September. 

3.     DULICHIUM  L. 

Perennial.  Stems  jointed,  terete  and  hollow,  with  numerous  3-ranked 
leaves,  the  lower  reduced  to  sheaths.  Spikelets  2-rauked  in  axillary  spikes, 
linear.  Scales  2-ranked  and  decurrent  on  the  axis.  Perianth  of  6-9 
downwardly  barbed  bristles.  Stamens  three.  Style  2-cleft,  persistent  on 
the  linear-oblong  achene  as  a  beak. 

1.  D.  arundinacea  (L. )  Britton.  2°-3°  high  :  leaves  2/-3£/  long,  2" 
wide  :  spikelets  over  6X/  long,  6-12-flowered. — Common  in  bogs  along  the 
bluffs  about  three  miles  west  of  Sibley. 


42  CYPERACEAE 

4.     ELEOCHARIS  R.  Br.     SPIKE  RUSH. 

Culms  terete  or  flattened,  naked,  terminated  by  the  solitary  spikelet. 
Spikelet  several-many-flowered  with  the  scales  imbricated  in  many  ranks. 
Perianth  of  from  3-12  downwardly  barbed  bristles.  Stamens  2-3,  styles 
2-3-cleft,  its  bulbous  base  persistent  on  the  achene  as  a  tubercle.  Achene 
lenticular  or  three-angled. 

Achenes  lenticular,  smooth. 
Annuals. 

Spikelets  ovoid.  1.  E.  obtusa. 

Spikelets  oblong-cylindrical.  2.  E.  Engelmanni. 

Perennials. 

Culms  rather  stout.  3.  E.  paJustris. 

Culms  slender.  4.  E.  glaucescens. 

Achenes  triangular,  not  smooth. 
Culms  8/-2°"  high. 

Culms  flattened.  5.  E.  acuminata. 

Culms  filiform.  6.  E.  tennis. 

Culms  l/-8/  high,  capillary.  7.  E.  acicularis. 

1.  E.  obtusa  Schultes.     Annual  with  fibrous  roots  and  terete  culms  : 
spikelets  2/x-5x/   long,  ovoid  or   oblong,  many-flowered  :    bristles  6-8, 
longer  than  the  achene  :  tubercle  deltoid,  acute  and  flat,  narrower  than 
and  one  fourth  the  length  of  the  achene. — Common  on  muddy  shores. 
June-September. 

2.  E.  Engelmanni  Steud.     Closely  resembles  the  last  but  the  culms 
are  stouter,  the  spikelets  usually  longer  and  cylindric,  the  six  bristles  are 
not  longer  than  the  achene,  and  the  tubercle  covers  the  top  of  the  achene. 
— Well  introduced  in  wet  places  in  the  first  deep  cut  along  the  Missouri 
Pacific  Railway,  three-quarters  of  a  mile  south  of  the  depot  at  Independ- 
ence.    Our  form  is  the  var.  robusta  Fernald.     June-September. 

3.  E.  palustris  (L.)  R.  &  S.     Culms  terete  or  flattened,  l°-3°  high, 
from  long  creeping  rootstocks  :   spikelets  many-flowered,  2//-12//  long, 
ovoid-cylindrical,  thicker  than  the  culms :  scales  usually  brownish  with 
a  scarious  margin. — Common  in  wet  places  throughout.     A  frequent  form 
with  flat  culms  is  probably  distinct.     June. 

4.  E.  glaucescens  Willd.    Culms  more  slender  than  in  the  last :  spike- 
lets  2//-f>//  long:  achenes  smaller  and  tubercles  narrower. — Low  grounds 
along  the  Missouri  River  near  Courtney.     June. 

5.  E.  acuminata   (Muhl. )   Nees.     Culms  compressed,    slender,    from 
stout  dark  rootstocks  :  spikelets  2//-5//  long,  ovoid,  thicker  than  the 
culm  :   scales  acute,  lanceolate  :   achene  3-augled,  dark  colored,  obovoid, 
papillose,  much  longer  than   the  depressed-conic  small  tubercle. — Wet 
prairies  and  barrens,  Dodson,  Lee's  Summit.     May-July. 

6.  E.  tennis  (Willd.)  Schultes.     Like  the  last  but  culms  filiform  and 
scales  obtuse. — Wet  prairies,  Independence,  Lee's  Summit.     May- July. 

7.  E.  acicularis  ( L. )  R.  &  S.     Perennial :  spikelets  ovate  or  linear- 
oblong,  3-many-flowered,  wider  than  the  culm  :  achene  3-angled,  ribbed 


CYPERACEAE  43 

at  each  angle,  and  with  several  intermediate  ribs,  all  connected  by  trans- 
verse ridges. — In  marshes  and  mud-holes  in  the  northern  part.  Not  un- 
common. May-September. 

5.  STENOPHYLLUS  Raf. 

Slender  annuals,  with  spikelets  solitary,  umbelled  or  capitate  and  sub- 
tended by  one-several  leaves.  Base  of  the  style  persistent  as  a  tubercle 
on  the  achene. 

1.  S.  capillaris  (L.)  Britton.  Much  tufted,  2MO'  high  :  culms  and 
leaves  capillary :  spikelets  few,  ovoid,  2"  or  less  long :  achene  3-angled, 
transversely  wrinkled. — Locally  very  abundant  in  sandy  fields  and  woods 
four  miles  south  of  <Grain  Valley.  June-July. 

6.  FIMBRISTYLIS  Vahl. 

Annual  or  perennial  with  umbellate  or  capitate  spikelets  Flowers  as 
in  Stenophyllus,  save  that  the  enlarged  base  of  the  style  is  not  persistent 
at  maturity  as  a  tubercle. 

Perennial  from  a  thickened  base.  1.  F.  castanea. 
Annual. 

Achene  lenticular.  2.  F.  laxa. 

Achene  3-angled.  3.  F.  Frankil. 

1.  F.  castanea  (Michx.)  Vahl.     l°-3°  high,  from  a  bulbous  thickened 
base :  leaves  involute  :  umbel  simple  or  somewhat  compound  :  spikelets 
oblong,   l^//-2//  thick,  3//-5//  long  :  achene  lenticular,  longitudinally 
minutely  striate  and  reticulated. — Rich  prairies  around  Lee's  Summit 
and  Grand  View  ;  adventized  at  Atherton.     June-July. 

2.  F.  laxa  Vahl.     6X  high  :  umbel  subsimple  :  spikelets  lx/  wide,  3X/ 
long:   achenes  longitudinally  ribbed,  the  ribs  connected  by  fine  cross 
lines,  and  conspicuously  tubercled. — Quite  abundant  in  a  wet,  sterile, 
open  place  about  one  mile  north  of  Greenwood.     August-October. 

3.  F.  FrankiiSteud.    2/-12/high:  umbel  somewhat  compound  :  spike- 
lets  numerous,  less  than  1//  wide  and  2/x  long  :  achene  obovoid,  3-angled, 
reticulated. — Sand-bars  along  the  Missouri  River  at  Courtney  and  Sibley. 
Rare  and  local. 

7.     SCIRPUS  L.     BULKUSH. 

Spikelets  from  few-  to  many-flowered,  one  to  very  many,  solitary  or  in 
spikes  or  umbels.  Flowers  perfect.  Bristle  present.  Scales  imbricated 
all  around.  Style  2-3-cleft,  not  swollen  at  the  base  and  wholly  deciduous, 
or  its  base  persistent  as  an  awl-like  tip.  Achenes  lenticular  or  triangular. 

Spikelets  1-7,  appearing  lateral.  1.  S.  Americanus. 

Spikelets  7-many. 

Culms  terete,  leafless.  2.  S.  lacustris. 

Culms  three-angled,  leafy. 
Bristles  downwardly  barbed. 

Spikelets  8"-12"  long,  1-5  together.  3.  8.  fluviaiilis. 

Spikelets  l"-3"  long,  6-75  together.  4.  8.  atrovirens. 


44  CYPERACEAE 

Bristles  not  barbed. 

Bristles  shorter  than  or  scarcely  exceeding  the 

scales.  5.  8.  lineatus. 

Bristles  much  exserted  beyond  the  scales  when 

mature.  6.  8.  cyperinus. 

1.  S.  Americanus  Pers.     Perennial  with  a  sharply  3-angled  culm  : 
spikelets  1-7,  appearing  lateral,  the  single  involucral  leaf  seeming  to  be 
a  continuation  of   the  culm  :   spikelets  oblong-ovoid,  3//-4//  long,  the 
scales  short-awned  :  achene  plano-convex. — Wet  places  at  Courtney  and 
Sheffield.     May-July. 

2.  S.  lacustris  L.     A  stout  perennial,  3°-9°  high  :  umbel  appearing 
lateral,  compound,  usually  many-flowered  :  spikelets  about  4"  long  and 
\\ff   broad,    ovate-oblong :    scales  mucronate-tipped  :    bristles    barbed  : 
acheue  plano-convex,   white. — Common  in  all  ponds,  and  often  along 
rivers.     May-September. 

3.  S.  fluviatilis  (Torr. )  A.  Gray.     Culms  sharply  3-angled,  3°-6°  tall : 
culm  leaves  Q//-8//  wide :  spikelets  sessile,  or  sessile  and  crowded  at  the 
ends  of  the  raylets  :  the  raylets  5-9  and  often  5'  long  :  acheue  triangular. 
— Locally  common  in  ponds,  Sheffield,  Lake  City.     May-July. 

4.  S.  atrovirens  Muhl.     Culms  2°-4°  high,  3-angled  :  spikelets  brown- 
ish in  dense  capitate  clustsrs,  in  a  terminal  compound  umbel :  spikelets 
6-20  together,  l//-3//  long  :  scales  sharp-pointed  :  bristles  6,  downwardly 
barbed  above  :  achene  triangular. — In  bogs  and  low  grounds  in  north- 
eastern part.     June- July. 

Var.  pallidus  Britton.  Spikelets  greenish-brown,  20-75  together  in 
the  capitate  clusters. — Common  in  damp  places  throughout. 

5.  S.  lineatus  Michx.     Culm  triangular,  leafy,  l°-4°  high  :    umbel 
very  compound  :  spikelets  oblong-cylindrical,  at  length  drooping,  2//-5// 
long  :  bristles  6,  smooth  at  maturity,  barely  if  at  all  exceeding  the  acute 
scales. — Common  in  wet  woods  or  prairies.     May-June. 

6.  S.  cyperinus  (L. )  Kunth.     A  stout  perennial,  2°-5°  high  :  umbel 
very  compound  :  spikelets  ovoid-oblong,  \\ff-%\"  long  :  bristles  at  ma- 
turity much  exceeding  the  scales  and  very  conspicuous,  rust-colored. — In 
a  bog  along  the  foot  of  the  bluffs  three-fourth  of  a  mile  east  of  Courtney. 
June-July. 

8.     PUIRENA   Rottb. 

Culms  triangular,  leafy.  Spikelets  in  axillary  and  terminal  clusters. 
Scales  imbricated  all  around,  awned.  Perianth  of  three  cordate-ovate 
or  ovate-oblong  scales  on  claws,  alternating  with  as  many  downwardly 
barbed  bristles.  Stamens  three  and  styles  3-cleft.  Achene  triangular, 
tipped  with  the  non-swollen  persistent  base  of  the  style. 

1.  F.  simplex  Vahl.  A  hairy  tufted  perennial,  10'  high  :  leaves 
!'-!$'  long,  l£"-2"  wide,  with  loose  sheaths  :  spikelets  3"-6"  long  : 
scales  recurved-awned  :  perianth  scales  notched  at  apex,  cordate  at 


CYPEKACEAE  45 

base,  awned  from  below  the  apex,  prominently  nerved. — On  sand-bars 
along  the  Mississippi  River  at  Courtney.     Very  rare.     July-October. 

9.     HBMICARPHA  Nees  &  Am. 

Low,  tufted  annuals  with  flowers  as  in  Srirpus,  save  that  there  is  one 
very  small  inconspicuous  hyaline  scale  at  the  base  of  the  ovary.  Style 
2-cleft.  Stamen  one. 

1.  H.  micrantha  (Vahl.)  Britton.  1/-5'  high  with  capillary  culms  : 
spikelets  2-3  together,  l//-2//  long,  sessile. — Moist  sandy  soil  along 
rivers,  especially  the  Missouri  River.  Well  distributed,  but'never  com- 
mon. June-October. 

10.     SCLERIA  Berg. 

Leafy  perennial  with  triangular  culms  from  creeping  rootstocks,  and 
monoecious  spikelets  in  terminal,  or  terminal  and  axillary  clusters.  Pis- 
tillate spikelets  1-flowered,  usually  intermingled  with  the  many-flowered 
staminate  ones.  Style  3-cleft.  Achenes  ovoid  to  globular,  white,  bony 
and  crustaceous. 

1.  S.  triglomerata  Michx.  NUT  RUSH.  l£°-3°  tall,  erect  but  nod- 
ding at  the  summit,  roughish  :  achene  ovoid-globose,  very  white,  shining 
and  smooth,  V  high,  supported  on  a  crustaceous  disk.— Occurs  locally 
in  sterile  places  on  the  prairie  near  Oak  Grove,  Grand  View  and  Lee's 
Summit.  June-July. 

11.     CAREX  L.     SEDGE. 

Perennial  sedges  with  mostly  triangular  culms,  3-ranked  leaves  and 
monoecious  flowers  in  spikes.  The  staminate  and  pistillate  flowers  either 
borne  in  the  same  spikes  or  in  different  spikes.  Spikes  usually  subtended 
by  bracts.  Floral  envelopes  none,  the  staminate  flowers  consisting  of 
three  stamens,  and  the  pistillate  of  a  single  pistil  with  a  bifid  or  a  trifid 
style.  Achene  triangular  or  lenticular,  completely  enclosed  in  a  sac, 
called  the  perigynium. 

Staminate  flowers  numerous  and  conspicuous,  in 
one  or  more  terminal  spikes  (sometimes  pis- 
tillate at  base  or  apex). 

Perigynia  strongly  beaked,  the  beak  terminat- 
ing in  two  well-developed  teeth.  I. 

Perigyuia  beakless  or  beaked :  if  beaked  the 
beak  not  terminating  in  two  well-developed 
teeth.  II. 

Staminate  flowers  few  and  inconspicuous,  borne 
at  the  base  or  apex  of  the  pistillate  spike. 

Staminate  flowers  at  the  summit  of  the  spikes. 

Staminate  flowers  at  the  base  of  the  spikes.  IV. 

I. 

Perigjnia  thin,  noticeably  inflated. 
Perigynia  Q"  or  more  long. 

Pistillate  spikes  globose,  1.  C.  Asa-Grayi. 


CYPEKACEAE 


Pistillate  spikes  oblong-cylindrical. 
Perigyuia  5X/  or  less  long. 
Perigynia  tapering  into  the  long  beak. 
Staminate  spikes  several. 
Staminate  spike  usually  one. 

Spikes  6X/   thick  ;    perigynia    faintly 

nerved. 
Spikes  4£7/  thick  ;  perigynia  strongly 

nerved. 

Perigynia  abruptly  narrowed  into  beak. 
Scales  exceeding  perigynia. 
Perigynia  exceeding  scales. 
Perigynia  tapering  into  minute  beak. 
Perigynia  thick,  scarcely  inflated. 
Perigynia  glabrous. 

Perigynia  teeth  l/x  or  more  long. 
Scales  acuminate. 
Scales  with  long  cusp. 
Perigynia  teeth  1//  or  less  long. 
Perigynia  hairy. 

II. 

Perigynia  beak  short  or  wanting. 
Staminate  spikes  usually  two  or  more. 
Pistillate  spikes  erect. 
Lowest  bract  4/-5/  long. 
Lowest  bract  l/-2/  long. 
Pistillate  spikes  drooping. 
Staminate  spike  one  ;  pistillate  above. 
Leaves  smooth. 
Leaves  hairy. 
Spikes  stout,  6X/  long. 
Spikes  slender,  V  long. 
Staminate  spike  one  ;  Staminate  throughout. 
Perigynia  beakless  or  nearly  so. 
Leaves  2"-3"  wide. 
Leaves  l"-2"  wide. 
Perigynia  with  a  short,  straight  beak. 
Spikes  many-flowered. 
Spikes  12  or  fewer- flowered. 
Sheaths  smooth. 
Sheaths  scabrous-pubescent. 
Perigynia  with  a  short  abruptly  bent  beak. 
Leaves  V-\\"  wide. 
Upper  scales  obtuse. 
Upper  scales  acute. 
Leaves  67/  or  more  wide. 
Perigynia  beak  stout,  half  the  length  of  the  body 

or  more. 

Culms  exceeding  the  leaves. 
Plant  strongly  pubescent. 
Plant  glabrous. 
Staminate  spike  6//-\2//  long. 
Staminate  spike  2//-4"  long. 
Cnlms  much  shorter  than  the  leaves. 
Pistillate  spikes  several-flowered. 
Pistillate  spikes  1-3-flowered. 


2.  C.  lupulina. 

3.  C.  monile. 

4.  C.  lurida. 

5.  C.  hystricina. 

6.  C.  Frankii. 

7.  C.  typhinoides. 
17.  C.  Davuii. 


8.  C.  trichocarpa. 

9.  G.  aristata. 

10.  C.  riparia. 

11.  C.  Januginosa. 


12.  C.  stricta. 

13.  C.  Haydeni. 

14.  C.  gynandra. 

15.  C.  Shortiana. 

16.  C.  hirsuta. 

17.  C.  Davisii. 


18.  C.  grisea. 

19.  C.  amphibola. 

20.  C.  granularis. 

21.  C.  oligocarpa. 

22.  C.  Htichcockiana. 


23.  C.  Meadii. 

24.  C.  laxiflora. 

25.  C.  Albursina. 


29.  C.  pubescens. 

26.  C.  Pennsylvanica . 

27.  C.  varia. 

28.  C.  umbellata. 

30.  C.  Jamesii. 


CYPERACEAE 


47 


III. 

Inflorescence    usually    \\'   or  more    long,    the 

clusters  compound. 

Beak  of  the  perigynium  longer  than  the  body. 
Beak  1-2  times  length  of  body. 
Beak  3-4  times  length  of  body. 
Beak  of  perigynium  shorter  than  the  body. 
Perigynium  and  beak  2X/  long. 
Perigynium  and  beak  \\"  or  less  long. 
Scales  acute  to  acuminate. 
Leaves  exceeding  stem. 
Stem  exceeding  leaves. 
Scales  obtusish. 
Inflorescence  usually    less  than   \\'   long,   the 

clusters  rather  simple. 
Clusters  strongly  separated. 
Leaves  J"-1J"  wide. 
Perigynia  radiating. 
Perigynia  reflexed  at  maturity. 
Leaves  2£//-4i//  wide. 
Clusters  aggregated. 

Heads  green  when  mature. 
Leaves  2//-4//  wide. 
Leaves  £"-2"  wide. 

Head  6X/  or  less  long,  the  clusters  hardly 

recognizable. 
Leaves  l"-2"  wide. 
Leave  l//  or  less  wide. 
Head  6//  or  more  long,  the  clusters  rec- 
ognizable. 
Heads  yellowish  at  maturity. 

IV. 

Perigynia  widely  spreading. 
Perigynia  not  widely  spreading. 
Perigynia  2-5  times  as  long  as  wide. 
Spikes  narrowly  cylindric,  6" -12"  long. 
Spikes  globular  to  short-oblong. 
Spikes  cone-shaped  above. 
Spikes  bluntish. 
Perigynia  erect. 
Perigynia  spreading. 

Perigynia  less  than  twice  as  long  as  wide. 
Heads  greenish-brown. 
Perigynia  ovate. 
Perigynia  orbicular. 
Heads  silvery-green. 


32.  C.  stipata. 

33.  C-  Crus-Corvi. 

31.  C.  conjuncta. 


35.  C.  vulpinoidea. 

36.  C.  xanlhocarpa. 

37.  C.  SartweUii. 


38.  C.  rozea. 

39.  C.  retroflexa. 

40.  C.  sparyanoides. 


41.  C.  ccphaloidea. 


42.  C.  cephalophora. 

43.  C.  Leavemvorthii. 

44.  C1.  Muhlenbergh. 
34.   C.  gravida. 


45.  C.  slerilia. 

46.  C.  Muskingumensis. 

48.  C.  scoparia. 

47. rC.  tribuloides. 

49.  C.  cristatella. 


50.  C.  straminea. 

51.  C.  festucacea. 

52.  C.  Bicknellii. 


1.  C.  Asa-Grayi  Bailey.     2°-3°  high  :    leaves  many,  3"-4J"  wide  : 
pistillate  spike's  1-2,  V  in  diameter,  perfectly  globular,  10-30-flowered  : 
perigynia  much-inflated,  many-nerved,  6//-l(y/  long. — In  low,  wet  woods 
near  Lake  City  and  Sibley.     Rare.     May-June. 

2.  C.  lupulina  Muhl.     2°-4°  high:   leaves  2£//-4//  wide:    pistillate 
spikes  2-6,  oblong-cylindrical,  V-2^  long,  densely  many-flowered,  sessile 
of  short-stalked:  perigynia  6x/-9/x  long,  much  inflated,  many-nerved. — 


48  CYPERACEAE 

Low  wet  woods  from  Sibley  to  Atherton.     Locally  abundant.     May- 
September. 

3.  C.  monile  Tuckerm.     Culms  2°-3°  high :   leaves  \\ff-^\^  wide  : 
staminate  spikes  2-4 :    pistillate   1-3,    l'-2'  long,   narrowly  cylindric, 
many-flowered  :  perigynia  somewhat  inflated,  2ix/  long,  strongly- nerved. 
Abundant  near  Lake  City  and  Sibley.     May- June. 

4.  C.  lurida  Wahl.     lJ°-3°  high :  leaves  long  and  rough  :  pistillate 
spikes  2-4,  densely  flowered,  erect,  spreading  or  drooping,  sessile  or  short- 
stalked,  9//-24//  long  :  perigynia  10-nerved,  inflated,  slender-beaked,  4" 
long,  the  teeth  lx/-2/x  long  :  staminate  spike  solitary. — Very  common  in 
bogs  along  the  bluffs  west  of  Sibley.     June- July. 

Var.  exundans  Bailey.   Pistillate  spikes  all  long-stalked. — Occasionally 
occurs  with  the  type. 

5.  C.  hystricina  Muhl.     Like  the  last,  but  pistillate  spikes  shorter 
(£'-!£'  long),  the  lower  slender-stalked  and  drooping  :  perigynia  %"-2" 
long,  little-inflated,  15-20-nerved,  the  beak  strongly  toothed.— With  the 
last,  but  matures  from  May-June  before  C.  lurida  is  noticeable. 

6.  C.  Frankii  Kunth.     l°-2°  high,  with  long  rough  leaves  and  similar 
bracts,  much  longer  than  the  culm  :   pistillate  spikes  3-5,  very  dense, 
i'-lj'  long.  4"  in  diameter  :  perigynia  abruptly  contracted  and  depressed 
at  the  summit,  from  the  center  of  which  depression  arises  the  slender  beak. 
—Common  in  wet  grounds  throughout.     June-September. 

7.  C.  typhinoides  Schwein.     2°-3°  high :  leaves  2/x-3x/  wide  :  spikes 
1-3,  oblong,  densely  flowered,  f'-ll'  long,  6"  in  diameter,  the  terminal 
staminate  at  base;  perigynia  obovoid,  widely  spreading  or  ascending, 
beaked,  twice  the  length  of  the  inconspicuous  scale.     Bogs  west  of  Sibley. 
Not  common.     May-June. 

8.  C.  trichocarpa  Muhl.     l°-4°  high,  stout :  leaves  and  bract  exceed- 
ing the  culms:  staminate  spikes  2-6:    pistillate  spikes  2-5,  cylindric, 
l/-4/  long :    perigynia  long-conic,  4//-5//  long,   many-nerved,   tapering 
into  a  stout  2- toothed  beak,  smooth  :  scale  hyaline,  shorter  than  perigynia. 
Our  form  is  var.  imberbis  Gray. — Low  swales  in  the  Missouri  River  bot- 
toms.    Not  common.     May-June. 

9.  C.  aristata  R.  Br.    Resembles  the  last,  but  sheaths  pubescent :  spikes 
sometimes  5'  long  :  perigynia  slender :  scales  terminating  in  an  awn  of 
their  own  length. — Abundant  around  Fish  Lake  near  Sibley.     May- June. 

10.  C.  riparia  Curtis.     Culms  2°-4°  high  :   leaves  rough,  long  and 
broad  :  staminate  spikes  several  :  pistillate  spikes  2-4,  l2/-4/long,  usually 
erect,  loosely  flowered  below  :  perigynia  ovate-lanceolate,  not  inflated, 
few-nerved,  coriaceous  :  scale  exceeded  by  perigynia. — Low  swales  and 
swamps,  especially  along  the  Missouri  River.     Common.     May- June. 

11.  C.  lanuginosa  Michx.     Culms  2°-3°  high,  rough  above  :  leaves 
l//_2//  wide  :  staminate  spikes  1-3  :  pistillate  spikes  2-3,  rather  distant, 
l/-2/  long,  densely  flowered  :  perigynia  hairy,  ribbed,  1//  in  diameter. 


CYPERACEAE  49 

oval,  with  short  beak. — Low  prairies  and  swales  throughout.     Locally 
very  abundant.     May- June. 

12.  C.  stricta  Lam.     2°-4°  high  :  leaves  long  and  narrow,  their  lower 
sheaths  sometimes  prominently  fibrillose  :  staminate  spikes  2  or  more:  pis- 
tillate spikes  2-5,  densely  flowered,    £'-2'  long,  2//-3//    broad,  nearly 
sessile,  the   upper    often    staminate   above  :    perigynia  ovate,  Vf  long, 
minutely  beaked  :  scales  about   length  of   perigynia. — Low  swales  and 
prairies  throughout.     Locally  common.     May-June. 

Var.  angustata  (Boott)  Bailey.  Pistillate  spikes  often  ¥  long,  erect : 
scales  usually  longer  than  perigynia. — With  the  type  but  rarer.  May- 
June. 

13.  C.  Haydeni  Dewey.     Like  the  last  :  culms  lower  and  more  slender, 
leaves  l/x  or  less  wide  :  sheaths  not  fibrillose:  pistillate  spikes  6//-14// 
long,  2X/  or  less  wide,  sessile  :  staminate  portion  small :  perigynia  ovate- 
orbicular. — Low  wet  prairies  west  of  Lake  City.     Rare.     May-June. 

14.  C.  gynandra  Schwein.     2°-5°  high  :  staminate  spikes  usually  2  : 
pistillate  spikes  3-6,    narrowly   cylindrical,    2/-4/   long,  3//-4//  wide, 
curved  and  drooping  :  perigynia  ovate,  elliptic,  acute,  \\ff  long,  nerve- 
less, much  shorter  than  the  subulate  scale. — In  a  swale  along  the  railroad, 
a  mile  east  of  Courtney.     A  few  clumps.     May-June. 

15.  C.  Shortiana  Dewey.     Culms  l°-3°  high :  spikes  3-5,   approxi- 
mate at  summit  of  culm,  very  densely  flowered,  the  uppermost  staminate 
at  base,  \f-\\f  long,  2/x  in  diameter  :  perigynia  flat,  orbicular,  nerve- 
less, minutely  beaked. — Common   throughout  in   low  grounds.     May- 
June. 

16.  C.  hirsuta  Willd.     1°-1J°  high  :  leaves  and  sheaths  pubescent: 
spikes  2-5,  sessile,  contiguous,  short-oblong,  3/x-8/x  long,  3r/  wide  :  peri- 
gynia \"-\"  long,  flat,  oval,  few-nerved,  beakless,  longer  than  scales. — 
In  dry  copses  near  Leeds  and  Independence.     Not  common. 

17.  C.  Davisil  Schwein.  &  Torr.     H°-3°  high  :  leaves  2//-3//  wide, 
sparingly  pubescent  :   spikes  3-5,  all  long-stalked  and   spreading,  the 
uppermost  staminate  at  base,  6//-18//  long,  3"  wide  :  perigynia  2"  long, 
ovoid,  inflated  and  strongly  nerved,  the  beak  minutely  2-toothed  :  scales 
lanceolate,  conspicuously  long-awned. — Rather  common  in  moist  thickets 
and  woods  throughout.     May-June. 

18.  C.    grisea   Wahl.     l°-2°    high,    slightly    glaucous  :    leaves  and 
bracts  2//-3£//  wide,  the  latter  overtopping  the  spikes  :  staminate  spikes 
solitary,  small  and  sessile  :  pistillate  spikes  3-5,  5x/-8/x  long,  oblong,  com- 
pact, the  upper  sessile,  the  lower  peduncled  :  perigynia  2£"  long,  oblong, 
beakless  and   finely  striate  :   scales   cuspidate. — Low  woods  along  the 
Little  Blue  River  west  of  Lake  City.     Not  common.     May-June. 

19.  C.  amphibola  Steud.     Culms  slender,  l°-2i°  high  :  leaves  l//-2// 
wide  :  staminate  spike  solitary,  peduncled  :  pistillate  spikes  2-5,  6//-12// 
long,  slender,  loosely  several-flowered,  all  peduncled  :  perigynia  2/x  long, 

4 


50  CYPEKACEAE 

oblong,  pointed  but  beakless,  2-ranked  :  scales  cuspidate. — Near  Lake 
City  and  Martin  City.     Uncommon.     May-June. 

20.  C.  granularis  Muhl.     l°-2£°  high,  glaucous  :  leaves  flat,  \\"-Z" 
wide  :   staminate  spike  solitary  :  pistillate  spikes  2-4,    erect,  compact, 
short-oblong,  1'  or  less  long  :  perigynia  1"  long,  ovoid,  short-beaked  and 
strongly  nerved. — Moist  woods  and  meadows,  especially  in  the  northern 
part.     Quite  frequent.     May-June. 

21.  C.  oligocarpa  Schk.     Like  C.  amphibola  :  pistillate  spikes  4//-8// 
long,  looser  flowered  :  perigynia  \"-\\"  long,  abruptly  contracted  into 
a  short  beak,  many-striate. — Common  in  rich  woods.     April-June. 

22.  C.    Hitchcockiana    Dewey.     Culms    erect,  l°-2°   high :    leaves 
about  2/x  wide,  their  sheaths  scabrous-pubescent:  pistillate  spikes  2-4, 
like  the  last:  perigynia  ovoid,  stoutly  beaked,  shorter  than  the  rough- 
awned  scale. — Frequent  m  rich  woods  from  Courtney  to  Sibley.     May- 
June. 

23.  C.  Meadii  Dewey.     Usually  less  than  1°  high :  staminate  spike 
solitary,  stout,  long-stalked  :  pistillate  spikes  2-3,  stout,  densely  several- 
many-flowered,   3//-13//  long:    perigynia  l^//-2//  long,  oblong,  many- 
nerved,  the  beak  usually  strongly  bent,  longer  than  the  scale. — Common 
on  prairies  and  in  dry  oak  woods,  especially  in  the  southern  part.     May- 
June. 

24.  C.  laxiflora  Lam.     Culms  6x-2°  high,  glabrous  :  leaves  3"  or  less 
"wide:  staminate  spike  stalked:    pistillate  spikes   loosely   few-flowered, 
jj'-l/long:  perigynia  triangular,  \\f/  long,  obovate,  strongly  nerved,  with 
a,  much   bent  beak;    scales  scarious-margined. — A   common   species  in 
woods  and  thickets.     May-June. 

Var.  blanda  (Dewey)  Boott.  Lower  :  pistillate  spikes  V  or  less  long, 
more  densely  flowered,  the  upper  sessile  and  contiguous  to  the  inconspicu- 
ous sessile  staminate  spike. — Very  common  in  open  woods  and  meadows. 

Var.  varians  Bailey.  l£°-2£°  high  :  leaves  often  3£"  wide  :  pistillate 
spikes  \'-\\'  long,  the  two  upper  sessile  and  contiguous  to  the  usually 
sessile  staminate  spike. — Rich  copses  in  the  northeastern  portion.  Not 
uncommon. 

Var.  patulifolia  (Dewey)  Carey.  Glaucous  :  leaves  ?>"-$>"  broad  : 
staminate  spike  conspicuous,  peduncled  :  pistillate  spike  often  1'  or  more 
long,  loosely  flowered  :  perigynia  beak  nearly  straight. — In  rich  woods 
nearLevasy.  Rare. 

25.  C.  Albursina  Sheldon.     1°  or  less  high  :  leaves  numerous,  f^'-lS" 
wide,  the  bracts  similar  and  much  longer  than  the  loosely-flowered  pistil- 
late spikes  :  staminate  spike  nearly  sessile  :  perigynia  3X/-4X/  long,  strongly 
nerved  and  short-beaked. — A  strongly  marked  species  found  quite  abund- 
antly in  the  wet  rocky  bluff  woods  at  Courtney.     May-June. 

26.  C.    Pennsylvanica   Lam.      6/-15/   high,    strongly   stoloniferous : 
leaves  narrow  and  somewhat  involute  :  staminate  spike  brownish-purple- 
nearly  sessile,  \f-\'  long  :   pistillate  spikes  1-3,  sessile,  short  and  few- 


CYPEKACEAE  51 

flowered,  usually  contiguous  :  perigynia  lx/  long,  round-ovate,  hairy. — 
Very  common  in  dry  woods  and  on  the  prairie.     April- May. 

27.  C.  varia  Mubl.     Resembles  the  last  but  staminate  spike  only  2//-4// 
long,  sessile  :  pistillate  spikes  2-4  :  perigynia  oblong. — Infrequent  in  dry 
rocky  woods  throughout  the  northern  part.     April-May. 

28.  C.  umbellata  Schk.     Densely  tufted,  leaves  \"-2"  wide,  often  1° 
long  :   spikes  on  scapes  l/-2/  long,  numerous,  hidden  among  the  leaves 
or  on  short  culms  :  pistillate  spikes  filiform-stalked  or  sessile  at  the  base 
of  the  solitary  staminate  spike,  several-flowered,  2//-4//  long  :  perigynia 
l/x  long,  minutely  hairy. — In  dry  soil.     Common  near  Dodson  ;  also  found 
north  of  Lee's  Summit.     April-May. 

29.  C.  pubescens  Muhl.     About  1J°  high,  pubescent  all  over  :  stami- 
nate spike  sessile  and  inconspicuous  :  pistillate  spikes  2-5,  4//-10//  long, 
erect  and  nearly  sessile  :  perigynia  ovoid,  2X/  long,  densely  hairy. — In 
rich  woods  near  Sibley  and  Independence.     May-July. 

30.  C.  Jamesii  Schwein.     127  or  less  high  :  leaves  \\"  wide,  much  ex- 
ceeding the  culms  :  spikes  small,  the  staminate  portion  slender  and  in- 
conspicuous, with  2-4  pistillate  flowers  at  base  ;  perigynia  globular,  pro- 
longed into  a  rough,  two-edged,  stout  beak  :  lower  scales  bract-like  and 
foliaceous. — Common  in  dark,  rich  woods  throughout.     May-June. 

31.  C.  conjuncta  Boott.     Culms  weak,  l°-3°  high,  sharply  triangular  : 
leaves  often  4£/x  wide  :  head  I'-S7  long,  the  lower  spikes  separated  :  bracts 
inconspicuous  :  perigynia  \\ff  long,  lance-ovate,  tapering  into  a  rough 
beak,  about  the  length  of  the  cuspidate  scale. — Not  uncommon  in  moist 
meadows  and  thickets  in  the  northern  part.     May-June. 

32.  C.  stipata  Muhl.     Culms  2°-3°  high  :  leaves  2//-4//  wide  :  head 
1X-4X   long,    usually    not  branched,    the    spikes     yellowish-brown   and 
crowded  :  perigynia  lanceolate,  2X/  long,  the  beak  longer  than  the  body 
and  much  exceeding  the  scale. — Frequent  in  moist  meadows  from  Sheffield 
and  Adams  to  Sibley  and  Levasy.     May-June. 

33.  C.  Crus-Corvi  Shuttlw.     Culms  2°-4°  high  :  leaves  5"  or  less 
wide  :  head  very  compound,  4/-12/  long  :  spikes  yellowish-brown  :  peri- 
gynia lanceolate,  4"  long,  the  beak  more  than  thrice  the  length  of  the 
body  :  scale  one-fourth  the  leugth  of  the  perigynia. — Locally  common 
around  swamps  at  Sibley  and  Atherton.     June-July. 

34.  C.  gravida  Bailey.     Culms  1°-3J°  high  :  leaves  l"-2"  wide,  usu- 
ally shorter  than  the  culm  :  the  globular  spikes  aggregated  in  a  short 
(I'-lJ7  long)  oblong  head,  somewhat  interrupted:  perigynia  broadly 
ovate,  2/x  long,  polished  and  widely  spreading  when  ripe. — Common  in 
dry  soil,  especially  on  dry  prairies  throughout  the  southern  part.     May- 
June. 

Var.  laxifolia  Bailey.     Leaves  3"  wide  :  head  dense,  not  interrupted. 
— Prairies  near  Lee's  Summit. 

35.  C.  vulpinoidea  Michx.     Culms  often  3°  high,  exceeded  by  the 
leaves  :  head  J/-57  long,  usually  interrupted,  the  numerous  spikes  2//-4// 


52  CYPERACEAE 

long,  densely  flowered  :  bracts  setaceous  :  perigynia  broadly  ovate,  green- 
ish-yellow, lx/  long,  tipped  by  a  two-toothed  beak,  half  the  length  of  the 
body. — Common  in  moist  soil  throughout.  May-June. 

36.  C.  xanthocarpa  Bicknell.     Resembles  the  last :  head  dense,  f-2' 
long,    the  bracts  conspicuous  or  inconspicuous  :  perigynia    \\"   long, 
bright-yellow,    ovate-elliptic  or  suborbicular,  tipped   with   a  minutely 
two  toothed    beak.  —  Frequent    in    low  grounds    throughout.      May- 
June. 

37.  C.  Sartwellii  Dewey.     Culms  l°-3°  high,  exceeding  the  long- 
attenuate  leaves  :  head   l/-3/   long,    narrow  and   somewhat  separated  : 
bracts  setaceous,  usually  small :  spikes  2//-4//   long  :  perigynia   lance- 
elliptic,  lx/  long,  contracted  into  a  short  beak  ;  scales  blunt,  pale-brown, 
and  hyaline  tipped. — Low  meadows  west  of  Lake  City. 

38.  C.  rosea    Schk.     Culms  bright   green,  1°-1J°   high,    weak  and 
often  reclining  :  leaves  narrow  :  spikes  5-8,   5-16-flowered,  the  upper 
aggregated,  the  lower  2-4  widely  separated  :  perigynia  widely  radiating, 
lance-ovate,  flat,  bright  green,  1J"  long. — Rather  common  in  dry  woods. 
May-June. 

Var.  radiata  Dewey.     Spikes  2-5,  only  2-6-flowered. — With  the  type 
but  more  common.     May-June. 

39.  C.  retroflexa  Muhl.     Erect  culms,   l0-!^0  high  :  spikes  closely 
aggregated,  the  lower  one  or  two  separated  :  perigynia  \\"  long,  ovate- 
lanceolate,  corky-thickened  at  the  base,  feflexed  at  maturity. — Woods 
near  Courtney.     May-June. 

40.  C.  sparganioides   Muhl.     Culms  sharply  3-angled,  2°-3°  high  : 
leaves  3//-4//  broad  :   spikes  6-12,   more  or  less  separated  :   perigynia 
ovate,  \\r/  long,  wing-margined,  longer   than   the    scale. — Rich   woods 
throughout.     May-July. 

41.  C.  cepha  oidea  Dewey.     Culms  erect  but  not  stiff,  2° -3°  high  : 
leaves  2/x-4/x  broad  :  head  W-15"  long,  with  spikes  commonly  distinct 
but  not  separated  :  perigynia  2X/  long,  nerveless,  ovate-lanceolate,  twice 
the  length  of  the  membranous  scale. — Rocky  woods  along  Spring  Branch 
near  Pixley's  Switch.     June. 

42.  C.  cephalophora  Muhl.     Erect  :  culms  l°-2°  high  :  leaves  l"-2" 
wide  :  head  6"  long,  short-oblong,  never  interrupted  :  bracts  setaceous  : 
perigynia  l/'-lz"  long,  ovate,  nerveless,  about  the  length  of  the  scale. — 
Common  in  dry  ground.     May-July. 

43.  C.  Leaven worthii    Dewey.     About  1°  high  :   leaves   1"  or  less 
wide  :  head  4//-8//  long,  not  interrupted  and  with  short  bracts  :  perigynia 
less  than  lx/  long,  orbicular-ovate  :  scale  shorter  and  narrower  than  the 
perigynia. — Sandy,  bluff  woods  near  Courtney.     Locally  common.    May- 
June. 

44.  C.  Muhlenbergii  Schk.     Culms  1°-2J°  high,  longer  than  the  nar- 
row (l//-2//  wide)  leaves  :  head  9//-12//  long,  the  clusters  recognizable  : 


CYPERACEAE  53 

spikes  4-10,  globose:  perigynia  orbicular-ovate,  \\"  long,  not  nerved, 
shorter  than  the  scale. — In  dry  ground  near  Lee's  Summit  and  Courtney. 
May- June.  Our  form  is  var.  Xalapensis  (Kunth)  Britton. 

45.  C.  steiilis  Willd.     Culms  8/-20/  high  :  leaves  less  than  1"  wide  : 
spikes  3-5,  several-many-flowered,  usually  separate,  the  staminate  flow- 
ers usually   numerous :  perigynia   ovate-lanceolate,  \\'f   long,  nerved, 
tapering  into  a  sharp,  rough  beak,  half  the  length  of  the  body,  longer 
than  the  scale. — Prairie  near  Lee's  Summit.     May- June. 

46.  C.  Muskingumensis  Schwein.     Stout  culms,  2°-3°  high  :  leaves 
2£x/  wide  or  less  :    spikes  distinct,  light  brown,    6" -12"  long,  oblong- 
cylindric,  many-flowered  :  perigynia  linear-lanceolate,  3XX--4XX  long,  much 
longer  than  the  scale. — In  swampy  ground  near  Lake  City  and  Sibley- 
May-June. 

47.  C.  tribuloides  Wahl.     l°-3°  high  :  leaves  about  2X/  wide  :  spikes 
6-20,  short-oblong,  truncate  at  summit,  3XX-6XX  long,  3XX-4XX  wide  :  peri- 
gynia 2XX-3X/  long,  lanceolate,  ascending  or  erect,  twice  the  length  of  the 
scale. — In  moist  meadows  throughout.     May- June. 

Var.  turbata  Bailey.  Spikes  3XX  long,  2^//  wide,  ovoid-oblong  :  head 
1X-2X  long,  the  lower  spike  separated. — Low  grounds  from  Sheffield  to 
Sibley. 

48.  C.  scoparia  Schk.     Culms  l°-2£°  high  :  leaves  about  lxx  wide  : 
spikes  3-8,  brownish,  3XX-8XX  long,  oblong-conic,  close  together,  usually 
bractless  :  perigynia  2XX-3XX  long,  lanceolate,  erect  or  ascending,  longer 
than  the  scale. — Common  on  prairies  near  Waldo  Park,  Lee's  Summit  and 
Atherton.     June. 

49.  C.  cristatella  Britton.     Culms  H°-3°  high  :  leaves  HXX-2XX  wide  : 
spikes  6-15,  globular,  2XX-3XX  long,  contiguous  :  perigynia  1^XX-2XX  long, 
ovate-lanceolate,  spreading  or  ascending,  their  points  conspicuous,  much 
longer  than  the  scale.— Common  in  low  meadows  and  thickets.     May- 
June. 

50.  C.  straminea  Willd.     Culms  l°-3°  high:    leaves  |XX-2XX  wide: 
spikes  3-8,  globular,  3XX-4XX  broad,  distinct :  perigynia  l^xx  long,  ovate, 
wing-margined,  ascending    or    spreading,   exceeding  the    scale. — Infre- 
quent in  woods.     Our  form  is   var.  mirabilia  (Dewey)  Tuckerm.      May- 
June. 

51.  C.  festucacea  Willd.     Culms  stiff  and   erect,  l°-3°  high  :  leaves 
l//_o//  wi(ie  :  spikes  3-8,  3XX-5XX  broad,  greenish-brown,  oblong  to  globu- 
lar, contiguous,  short-bracted  :  perigynia  orbicular,    broadly  margined, 
l£xx  long,  ascending,  about  the  length  of  the  scale. — Common  in  open 
grounds.     May-June. 

52.  C.  Bicknellii  Britton.     Culms  2°-4°  high  :  leaves  l^xx-2^xx  wide: 
spikes  3-7,  4X/-6X/  long,  ovoid,  silvery-green,   close  together  :  perigynia 
orbicular,  strongly  winged,  2XX-3XX  long.— Frequent  in  dry  or  wet  open 
grounds  throughout.     May-June. 


54  LEMNACEAE 

FAMILY  15.    ARACEAE  Neck. 

Herbs  with  dioecious,  monoecious  or  perfect  flowers  on  a  spadix  sur- 
rounded by  a  spathe.  Perianth  absent  or  of  4-6  sepals.  Stamens  4-10. 
Ovary  with  1 -several  ovules.  Fruit  berry-like. 

Leaves  compound.  1.  ARISAEMA. 

Leaves  simple  and  rush-like.  2.  ACORUS. 

1.     ARISAEMA  Mart. 

Perennial  from  an  acrid  corm.  Flowers  dioecious  or  monoecious  at  the 
base  of  the  spadix.  Perianth  absent.  Staminate  flowers  composed  of  a 
few,  nearly  sessile,  2-4-celled  anthers,  the  pistillate  of  a  1-celled  ovary 
containing  1-8  ovules. 

Leaf  divided  into  3  leaflets.  1.  A.  triphyllum. 

Leaf  divided  into  7-11  leaflets.  2.  A.  Dracontium. 

1.  A.  triphyllum  (L.)  Torr.    JACK-IN- THE-PULPIT.    Leaves  1-2,  with 
3  elliptical-ovate  leaflets  :  spathe  hooded  and  curving  over  the  spadix, 
opened  at  the  throat  :  spadix  2/-3/  long,  club-shaped. — Rather  common 
in  rich  damp  woods.     April-May. 

2.  A.  Dracontium  (L.)  Schott.     GREEN   DRAGON.     Leaf  usually 
solitary,   divided   into  7-15  oblong-lanceolate   leaflets  :  spathe  oblong, 
acuminate  and  convolute  at  the  apex,  much  exceeded  by  the  long  (1X-9X) 
and  slender  tip  of  the  spadix. — In  woods  throughout.     Well  distributed, 
but  nowhere  abundant.     May. 

2.     ACORUS  L. 

Herbs  from  long  running,  pungent  aromatic  rootstocks.  Scapes  3- 
angled,  similar  to  the  leaves.  The  spadix  seemingly  lateral,  the  spatbe 
appearing  like  a  continuation  of  the  culm.  Flowers  perfect,  densely 
covering  the  spadix.  Sepals  and  stamens  6.  Ovary  2-4-celled  with  several 
ovules  in  each  cell. 

1.  A.  Calamus  L.  SWEET  FLAG.  2°-5°  high. — Very  abundant  in  a 
swamp  near  the  Little  Blue  River  east  of  Atherton  ;  Levasy.  May. 

FAMILY  16.    LEMNACEAE  Dumort. 

Minute  floating  aquatics,  consisting  of  a  frond,  bearing  flowers  from 
the  edge  or  surface.  Flowers  monoecious,  consisting  of  a  single  stamen 
or  a  single  pistil.  Ovary  bearing  1-6  erect  ovules.  The  species  are  all 
known  as  "Duckweeds." 

Frond  with  several  rootlets.  1.  SPIRODELA. 

Frond  with  one  rootlet.  2.  LEMNA. 

Frond  without  rootlets.  3.  WOLFFIA. 

1.     SPIRODELA  Schleid. 

Fronds  7-12-nerved.     Ovary  bearing  two  ovules. 

1.  S.  polyrhiza  (L.)  Schleid.  Fronds  2//-5//  long,  round-obovate, 
green  above,  purplish  beneath,  usually  7-nerved.  — Often  very  common  in 
ponds  and  ditches. 


COMMELINACEAE  55 

2.     LEMNA  L. 

Frond  1-5-nerved.  Flowers  usually  three  together  from  a  spathe,  two 
staminate  and  one  pistillate,  the  latter  containing  7-12  ovules. 

Fronds  stalked  at  base.  1.  L.  trimlca. 
Fronds  not  stalked  at  base. 
Fronds  not  symmetrical. 

Fronds  1-nerved.  2.  L.  cydostam. 

Fronds  3-nerved.  3.  L.  perpusilla. 

Fronds  symmetrical.  4.  L.  minor. 

1.  L.  trisulca  L.     Fronds  oblong-lanceolate,  5//-10//  long,  attenuate 
at  base  into  a  slender  stalk,  denticulate  at  apex,  thin,  usually  severa) 
connected. — Common  in  pools  at  Sheffield,  Lake  City  and  Sibley.    Summer. 

2.  L.  cyclostasa  Phillippi.     Frond  elliptic-oblong,  l//-2//  long,  thick- 
ish,  obscurely  1-nerved. — Common  in  a  pond  near  Sheffield  and  Courtney. 
Summer. 

3.  L.  perpusilla  Torr.      Frond  obovate,   \"-\\ff  long,  thickish,  ob- 
scurely 3-nerved,  abruptly  narrowed  into  a  short  stalk. — In  ponds  near 
Courtney,  Sheffield  and  Sibley.     Summer. 

Var.  trinervis  Austin.    Fronds  strongly  3-nerved.— Ponds  near  Sheffield. 

4.  L.  minor  L.     Frond  elliptic-obovate  to  suborbicular,  1X/-2X/  long, 
thickish,   obscurely   3-nerved   and   never   plainly   stalked.— Often   very 
abundant  in  ponds  at  Sheffield,  Sibley,  Grain  Valley  and  Lake  City- 
Summer. 

3.     WOLFFIA  Horkel. 

Fronds  nerveless.  Flowers  two  together,  the  one  staminate,  the  other 
pistillate.  Ovule  solitary. 

1.  W.  Columbiana  Karst.  Frond  globose,  $"-jj"  long,  not  dotted  : 
stomata  1-6.  Floats  just  beneath  tne  surface  of  the  water. — In  ponds 
near  Atherton,  Sheffield  and  Lake  City.  June-July. 

FAMILY  17.     COMMELINACEAE  Eeichenb. 

Herbs  with  perfect,  6-androus  flowers  subtended  by  spathe-like  or  leafy 
bracts.  Perianth  double,  the  outer  of  three  green  sepals,  the  inner  of  three 
ephemeral  petals.  Stamens  6.  Ovary  2-3-celled,  with  1-several  ovules 
in  each  cell.  Style  one. 

Two  of  the  petals  much  larger  than  the  third.  1.  COMMELINA. 

Petals  all  similar.  2.  TKADESCANTIA. 

1.     COMMELINA  L.     DAY  FLOWER. 

Flowers  subtended  by  a  spathe-like  bract.  Sepals  unequal,  the  two 
lateral  partly  united.  Petals  blue,  the  two  lateral  on  long  claws,  the 
other  smaller.  Three  stamens  perfect,  the  other  three  sterile  and  smaller. 
Filaments  glabrous. 

1.  C.  ciispa  Wooton.  l°-3°  high  :  leaves  lanceolate,  3'-5'  long  : 
spathe  cucullate  :  each  cell  of  ovary  1-ovuled,  the  dorsal  one  indehiscent. — 


56  PONTEDERIACEAE 

In  sandy  soil  near  Martin  City,  Little  Blue  Tank  and  Lake  City.     July- 
August. 

2.     TRADESCANTIA  L. 

Bracts  leaf-like.  Flowers  regular,  umbellate.  Sepals  and  petals  three 
each,  the  latter  ovate  and  sessile.  Stamens  6,  all  similar,  the  filaments 
beautifully  bearded.  Ovary  3-celled,  with  2  ovules  in  each  cell. 

Sepals  nearly  glabrous.  1.  T.  reflexa. 
Sepals  strongly  hairy. 

Leaves  long-ciliate  at  base.  2.  T.  occidentalis. 

Leaves  not  long-ciliate  at  base.  3.  T.  bracteata. 

1.  T.  reflexa  Raf.     SMOOTH  SPIDERWORT.     l°-4°   high,   glaucous : 
leaves  spreading,   8/-20/   long,  5//-7//  wide :    umbels  many-flowered  : 
pedicels  reflex ed  at  maturity  :  sepals  hairy  at  tip  :  petals  blue  or  pur- 
plish.— Common  in  open  ground,  especially  on  prairies.     May-June. 

2.  T.   occidentalis  Britton.     WESTERN  SPIDERWORT.     l°-2°  high, 
glabrous  :  leaves  ascending,  short-hairy,  7/-15/long,  3//-5// wide,  flattish, 
exceeding  the  stems :  umbels  few-flowered. — In  barrens  along  Brush  Creek 
and  at  Dodson.     May-June. 

3.  T.  bracteata  Small.     HAIRY  SPIDERWORT.     8M5'  high:   leaves 
widely  spreading,  4/-8/  long,  5//-8//  wide,  strongly  keeled  :  umbels  few- 
flowered  :  flowers  reddish. — Frequent  on  prairies  throughout.    May-June. 

FAMILY  18.    PONTEDERIACEAE  Dumort. 

Marsh  plants  with  flowers  subtended  by  leafy  spathes.  Perianth  col- 
ored, 6-merous,  free  from  the  ovary.  Stamens  3  or  6,  inserted  on  its 
throat,  unequal.  Ovary  3-celled  and  many-ovuled,  or  1-celled  and  1- 
ovuled. 

Stamens  six.  1.  PONTEDERIA. 

Stamens  three.  2.  HETERANTHERA. 

1.     PONTEDERIA  L. 

Flowers  numerous,  blue,  ephemeral,  on  a  long  scape.  Perianth  2- 
lipped,  the  upper  three  lobes  ovate,  the  three  lower  linear-oblong  and 
spreading.  Stamens  six,  three  long-exserted,  the  other  three  on  short  fila- 
ments. Ovary  3-celled,  two  of  the  cells  abortive,  the  other  1-ovuled. 

1.  P.  cordata  L.  PICKEREL  WEED.  l°-3°  high :  leaves  ovate,  cor- 
date-sagittate, long-petioled,  blunt  at  apex :  inflorescence  glandular- 
pubescent. — Occurs  locally  in  marshes  between  Adams  and  Lake  City. 
June-August. 

2.     HETERANTHERA  R.  &  P. 

Spathes  1-several  flowered.  Flowers  small.  Perianth  divisions  equal. 
Stamens  three.  Ovary  3-celled  with  numerous  ovules. 

Flowers  blue. 

Spathes  2-6-flowered.  1.  H.  reniformis. 

Spathes  1-flowered.  '    2.  H.  limosa. 

Flowers  yellow.  3.  H.  dubia. 


JUNCACEAE  57 

1.  H.  reniformis  R.  &  P.     MUD  PLANTAIN.     Leaves  cordate  or  reni- 
form:  flowers  4/x  long. — In  ponds.    Abundant  north  of  Sheffield  ;  also  near 
Courtney,  Lake  City,  Buckner  and  Atherton.     July-September. 

2.  H.  limosa  (Sw. )  Willd.     SMALLER  MUD  PLANTAIN.     Leaves  ovate 
or  oval :  flowers  5X/  long. — Abundant  iu  a  pond  north  of  Sheffield  with 
the  last ;  also  near  Atherton.     July-September. 

3.  H.  dubia  (Jacq. )  MacM.     WATER  STAR  GRASS.     Leaves  linear  and 
grass-like :  spathe  1-flowered. — Abundant  in  Hiffner's  Lake  near  Ather- 
ton.    July-September. 

FAMILY  19.    JUNCACEAE  Vent. 

Rush-like  herbs  with  regular,  greenish  flowers.  Perianth  6-parted. 
Stamens  3  or  6.  Style  solitary.  Stigmas  3.  Ovary  superior,  3-celled, 
or  1-celled  with  3  parietal  placentae.  Capsule  many-seeded. 

1.     JUNCUS  L.     RUSH. 
Perennial  or  annual  herbs  with  flowers  very  variously  arranged. 

Flowers  in  sessile  apparently  lateral  panicles. 
Stamens  three.  1.  J.  effusus. 

Stamens  six.  2.  J.  Balticus. 

Flowers  terminal. 
Leaves  not  knotted. 

Annual.  3.  J.  bufonius. 

Perennial. 

Leaf-auricles  white,  scarious.  4.  J.  tennis. 

Leaf  auricles  brownish-yellow.  5.  J.  Dudltyi. 

Leaves  knotted  by  internal  transverse  parti- 
tions. 
Stamens  six. 

Capsule  short-pointed.  6.  J.  Bichardsonianus. 

Capsule  subulate-pointed. 

Heads  8-20-flowered.  7.  J.  nodosus. 

Heads  25-80-flowered.  8.  J.  TorreyL 

Stamens  three.  9.  J.  acuminatus. 

1.  J.  eflusus  L.     Densely  tufted,  2°-4°  high:  stems  leafless:   flowers 
1  \ff  long,  in  a  diffuse  panicle :  sepals  about  the  length  of  the  retuse  point- 
less capsule. — Along  the  outlet  to  the  railroad  pond  at  Grain  Valley. 
Probably  adventized.     June-August. 

2.  J.  Balticus  Willd.     8'-30  high :  stems  leafless  :  flowers  2"  long  in 
a  panicle,  I'-SJ'  long :  outer  sepals  acute,  the  inner  obtusish,  about  the 
length  of  the  strongly  mucronate  capsule. — Of  rare  occurrence  on  sand- 
bars along  the  Missouri  River.     June. 

3.  J.  bufonius  L.     3'-9x   high,  spreading :    leaves  narrow :    panicle 
dichotomous,  the  flowers  distant :    sepals  2//-3J//  long,  acuminate,  the 
outer  much  exceeding  the  three  inner  and  the  oblong  obtuse  capsule. 
— Sand-bars  along  the  Missouri  River.     Rare.     May-November. 

4.  J.  tenuis  Willd.     V-W  high,   erect,   wiry:   leaves   narrow:  leaf- 
aurioles  scarious,  much  prolonged  beyond  point  of  insertion :  panicle  1- 


58  LILIACEAE 

many-flowered  :  sepals  \\/f-^\/f  long,  very  acute,  subequal,  spreading, 
longer  than  the  obtuse,  oblong  capsule. — Common  in  all  kinds  of  situa. 
tions  and  wonderfully  variable.  May-November. 

5.  J.  Dudley!  Wiegand.     Resembles  stout  forms  of  the  last,  but  readily 
distinguished  by  the  brownish-yellow  cartilaginous  leaf- auricles,  which 
are  not  prolonged. — Common   in   meadows  and  along  streams.    May- 
August. 

6.  J.  Richardsonianus  Schult.     6/-20/  high  :  panicle  branches  erect, 
the  flowers  in  distinct  heads  :  sepals  l/x  long,  the  three  outer  sharper  and 
longer  than  the  three  inner,  but  shorter  than  the  ovoid- oblong,  short- 
tipped  capsule. — Sand-bars  along  the  Missouri  River.     Rare.     Septem- 
ber-October. 

7.  J.  nodosus  L.     6/-24/  high,  from  a  tuber-bearing  rootstock  :  pan- 
icle bearing  1-30  heads,  3//-6//  wide  :  sepals  less  than  2/x  long,  subequal, 
shorter  than  the  lanceolate-subulate  capsule. — Sand-bars  along  the  Mis- 
souri River.     Not  common.     May-November. 

8.  J.  Torreyi  Coville.     Similar  to  the  last  but  larger  :   heads  30-80- 
flowered,  4//-8//  wide  :  sepals  more  than  2/x  long,  the  three  outer  longer 
than  the  three  inner. — Often  abundant  in   moist   places    throughout. 
May-November. 

9.  J.  acuminatus  Michx.     Stems  erect,  l°-3°  high  :    inflorescence  of 
5-many  3-20-flowered  heads  :  sepals  less  than  2/x  long,  equal,  about  the 
length   of    the  ovoid-oblong    abruptly  pointed   capsule. — Abundant    in 
ponds  and  ditches  from  Adams  to  Atherton  and  Levasy.     May-July. 

FAMILY  20.    MELANTHACEAE  R.  Br. 

Leafy-stemmed  herbs  from  rootstocks,  with  grass-like  leaves,  and  pan- 
icled  or  racemose,  polygamous,  dioecious  or  perfect  flowers.  Perianth 
composed  of  six  segments.  Stamens  six  at  the  base  of  the  perianth. 
Styles  three.  Seeds  few-many. 

1.     MELANTHIUM  L. 

Flowers  numerous  in  large  terminal  panicles,  monoecious  or  polyg- 
amous, greenish-white.  Perianth  divisions  clawed  at  base.  Styles 
three,  spreading.  Capsule  septicidal.  Inflorescence  pubescent. 

1.  M.  Virginicum  L.  BUNCH-FLOWER.  2°-5°  high  :  leaves  1°  long, 
4//-12//  wide  :  perianth  segments  oblong,  entire,  2-glandular  at  base. — 
Moist  meadows  throughout  the  southern  and  eastern  parts,  but  local. 
June-July. 

FAMILY  21.    LILIACEAE  Adaus. 

Herbs  from  bulbs,  corms  or  rootstocks.  Flowers  regular,  perfect. 
Perianth  6-parted.  Stamens  6,  free  or  adnate  to  the  perianth  segments. 
Ovary  3-celled,  its  cells  with  few-many  ovules.  Fruit  a  loculicidal 
capsule. 


LILTACEAE  59 

Boots  fibrous,  fleshy. 

Flowers  drooping.  1.  UVULARIA. 

Flowers  erect.  2.  HEMEROCALLIS. 

Plants  from  bulbs  or  corras. 
Flowers  in  umbels. 

Onion-scented.  3.  ALLTUM. 

Not  onion-scented.  4.  NOTHOSCORDUM. 

Flowers  not  in  umbels. 

Flowers  not  from  axils  of  bracts. 

Leaves  many.  5.  LILTIIM. 

Leaves  two.  6.  ERYTHRONIUM. 

Flowers  from  axils  of  bracts. 

Flowers  racemose,  light  blue.  7.  Qu  AM  ASIA.. 

Flowers  corymbose,  white.  8.  ORNITHOGALUM. 

1.     UVULARIA  L. 

Leafy-stemmed  herbs  with  drooping  yellow  flowers.  Perianth  bell- 
shaped,  its  lobes  bearing  nectaries  at  base.  Anthers  linear.  Style  3- 
cleft.  Capsule  ovoid,  3-angled.  Stems  forking. 

1.  U.  grandiflora  J.  E.  SMITH.  BELLWORT.  6/-20/  high,  bearing 
but  one  leaf  beneath  the  fork  :  leaves  ovate,  perfoliate,  pubescent  be- 
neath :  perianth  9X/-15/X  long,  its  segments  smooth. — Quite  abundant  in 
rich  woods  throughout.  April-May. 

2.     HEMEROCALLIS  L. 

Herbs  with  long,  linear  basal  leaves  and  numerous  large  showy  flowers 
terminating  a  tall  scape.  Perianth  divisions  widely  spreading.  Stamens 
six,  with  long  filaments.  Stigma  capitate  on  a  long  slender  style. 

1.  H.  fulva  L.  DAY  LILY.  Scapes  3°-6°  high  :  flowers  tawny 
orange,  4/-5/  long.— Occasionally  escaped  around  old  gardens.  June- 
August. 

3.  ALLIUM  L.     WILD  ONION. 

Strong-scented,  stemless  herbs  from  coated  bulbs.  Flowers  numerous, 
white  or  pinkish,  subtended  by  scarious  bracts.  Perianth  divisions 
separate.  Stigma  simple.  Capsule  3  valved,  each  cell  bearing  1-2 
ovules. 

Flowers  usually  replaced  by  bulblets.  1.  A.  Canadense. 

Flowers  not  replaced  by  bulbJets.  2.  A.  mutabile. 

1.  A.  Canadense  L.     8/-20/   high  :    bulb  coats  fibrous-reticulated  : 
leaves  linear  :  sepals  white  or  pink. — Often  very  common  in  moist  woods. 
June. 

2.  A.  mutabile  Michx.     l°-2£°  high  :  bulb  coats  fibrous-reticulated  : 
leaves  channeled  :  sepals  pink  or  rose. — Common  in  barrens.     May. 

4.  NOTHOSCORDUM  Kunth. 

Resembling  Allium,  but  not  onion-scented.  Ovules  several  in  each 
cell  of  the  ovary. 


60  LILIACEAE 

1.  N.  bivalve  (L.)  Britton.  FALSE  GAELIC.  Less  than  1°  high  : 
umbel  4-12-flowered  :  flowers  yellowish-white,  4//-5//  long. — Locally 
abundant  in  barrens  near  Westport,  Leeds,  Dodson,  Independence,  Lee's 
Summit,  Greenwood  and  Grain  Valley.  April-May. 

5.     LILIUM  L. 

Tall  perennials  with  leafy  stems  from  scaly  bulbs.  Flowers  large  and 
showy,  1-many,  funnel-form  or  bell-shaped.  Sepals  6,  spreading  or  re- 
curved. Stamens  6,  with  linear  anthers  and  long,  filiform  filaments. 
Stigma  3-lobed.  Ovules  numerous. 

Leaves  roughened  on  the  veins  beneath.  1.  L.  Canadense. 

Leaves  smooth .  2.  L.   superbum. 

1.  L.  Canadense  L.     CANADA  LILY.     2°-7°  high.     Leaves  whorled, 
lanceolate,  3-nerved,  scabrous  on  the  veins  beneath  :  perianth  segments 
2/-3/  long,  recurved  or  spreading. — In  moist  meadows  and  woods  near 
Dodson  and  Lee's  Summit.     June- July. 

2.  L.  superbum  L.     TUBK'S-CAP  LILY.     Closely  resembles  the  pre- 
ceding but  is  perfectly  smooth  throughout :  perianth  divisions  strongly 
recurved. — In  similar  situations  between  Independence  and  Little  Blue 
Tank.     June-July. 

6.    ERYTHRONIUM  L.     MARCH  LILY.     DOG-TOOTH  VIOLET. 

Herbs  from  deep-seated  solid  bulbs,  one-leaved  in  the  sterile  and 
two-leaved  in  the  fertile  plants.  Flowers  large,  solitary,  nodding. 
Perianth  segments  six.  Capsule  obovoid  or  oblong. 

Perianth  segments  recurved  ;  leaves  mottled.  1.  E.  albidum, 

Perianth  segments  not  recurved  ;  leaves  not  mottled.    2.  E.  mesachoreum. 

1.  E.    albidum    Nutt.     Leaves  oblong-lanceolate  :    new  corms  pro- 
duced on  offshoots  from  base  of  old  :  flowers  white  or  pinkish. — Common 
in  rich  woods.     April-May. 

2.  E.  mesachoreum  Knerr.     New  corms  formed  at  the  base  of  old  : 
flowers   light-lavender  tinted. — Common   in   barrens  and    on  prairies. 
March-April. 

7.     QUAMASIA  Eaf. 

Flowers  on  jointed  pedicels.  Stamens  6,  inserted  on  base  of  perianth 
lobes,  the  anthers  linear  or  linear- oblong.  Capsule  3- angled,  many- 
seeded. 

1.  Q.  hyacinthina  (Kaf.)  Britton.  WILD  HYACINTH.  l°-2°high: 
raceme  several-many-flowered  :  sepals  4/x-7/x  long  :  capsule  strongly  tri- 
angular.— Common  in  moist  woods  and  barrens  throughout.  May. 

8.     ORNITHOGALUM  L. 

Scapose  herbs  with  white  or  yellowish  flowers  in  terminal  bracted 
racemes  or  corymbs.  Stamens  six,  hypogynous,  the  anthers  versatile. 
Capsule  3-angled,  with  few  seeds  in  each  cell. 


CONVALLARIACEAE  61 

1.  O.  umbellatum  L.  STAR-OF-BETHLEHEM.  4/-12/  high  :  leaves 
narrowly  linear  :  flowers  5-8,  corymbose  on  long  pedicels. — Well  escaped 
from  gardens  in  Independence.  April-June. 

FAMILY  22.    CONVALLARIACEAE  Link. 

Herbs  from  rootstocks,  never  from  bulbs  or  corms.  Fruit  a  fleshy 
berry.  Otherwise  as  in  LILIACEAE. 

Leaves  scale-like.  1.  ASPARAGUS. 
Leaves  not  scale-like. 
Leaves  not  whorled. 

Flowers  in  a  terminal  raceme.  2.  VAGNERA. 

Flowers  axillary.  3.  SOLOMOKIA. 

Leaves  three,  whorled.  4.  TRILLIUM. 

1.     ASPARAGUS  L. 

Tall,  much -branching  herbs  with  filiform  branches.  Flowers  small, 
with  6-parted  perianth,  the  stamens  inserted  on  the  base  of  its  lobes. 
Anthers  ovate  or  oblong.  Berry  globose,  6-seeded. 

1.  A.  officinalis  L.  ASPARAGUS.  2°-8°  high  :  flowers  greenish, 
axillary,  drooping. — Occasionally  escaped  from  gardens.  June-August. 

2.    VAGNERA  Adans.     FALSE  SOLOMON'S  SEAL. 
Whitish  perianth  segments  six,  distinct,  the  stamens  inserted  at  their 
base.    Anthers  ovate.     Berry  globular,  6-seeded. 

Flowers  numerous.  1.    V.  racemosa. 

Flowers  few.  2.    V.  steUata. 

1.  V.  racemosa  (L.)  Morong.     l°-3°  high  :  leaves  numerous,  sessile, 
oblong-lanceolate,  over  V  wide :  flowers  numerous  in  a  terminal  racemose 
panicle,  Vf  long,  2X/  broad:  berries  red,  purple-spotted. — Infrequent  in 
moist  woods  throughout.     May-June. 

2.  V.  stellata  (L. )  Morong.     1°  high,  glabrous  and  glaucous:  leaves 
oblong-lanceolate,  sessile-clasping,  usually  less  than  1'  wide  :  flowers  few, 
racemose  :  berries  black. — Sandy  woods  in  the  Missouri  bottoms  near 
Sibley  ;  also  near  Turner,  Kansas. 

3.     SOLOMONIA  Heist. 

Tall  herbs  from  thick,  jointed  and  scarred  rootstocks,  bearing  many 
leaves.  Flowers  axillary,  drooping  on  jointed  pedicels.  Perianth  oblong- 
cylindric,  6-lobed,  the  6  stamens  inserted  on  its  tube  and  included.  An- 
thers sagittate.  Berry  globular,  6-18-seeded. 

1.  S.  commutata  (R.  &  S. )  Britton.  SOLOMON'S  SEAL.  l°-8° 
high  :  leaves  lanceolate  to  ovate,  smooth,  somewhat  clasping  :  peduncles 
1-8-flowered  :  filaments  smooth,  adnate  to  middle  of  perianth  tube. — 
Rather  common  in  rich  woods  throughout.  June. 


62  AMARYLLIDACEAE 

4.     TRILLIUM  L. 

Glabrous  herbs  from  short  rootstocks  with  three  leaves  whorled  at  the 
summit  of  the  stem  and  a  solitary  flower  in  their  center.  Perianth  of  two 
series,  the  outer  three  divisions  green,  the  inner  three  colored.  Stamens 
six,  hypogynous.  Anthers  linear.  Berry  many  seeded. 

1.  T.  sessile  L.  WAKE-ROBIN.  Leaves  sessile,  ovate  :  flower  sessile, 
the  sepals  G'-IS'  long,  spreading  :  petals  erect-spreading,  dull-purple. — 
In  thickets.  Eare  and  local.  Westport,  Kansas  City  and  Grain  Valley. 
April-May. 

FAMILY  23.     SMILACEAE  Vent. 

Vines  with  alternate,  petioled,  netted-veined  leaves  and  small  green 
dioecious  flowers  in  axillary  umbels.  Perianth  segments  and  stamens  six 
each.  Pistils  three.  Stigmas  three,  sessile.  Fruit  a  3-6-seeded  berry. 

1.     SMILAX  Tourn. 
With  the  characters  of  the  family. 

Stems  not  prickly.  1.  S.  Jierbacea. 

Stems  very  prickly.  2.  S.  hispida. 

1.  S.  herbacea  L.     CARRION  FLOWER.     3°-15°  high:  leaves  ovate  or 
rounded   or  the  upper  lanceolate,   7-10-nerved:    peduncles    elongated, 
3MK  long,    longer  than  the  petioles,    15-80-flowered :    flowers  carrion- 
scented. — In  moist  woods  and  thickets.     Well  scattered  but  uncommon. 
Jane. 

Var.  pulverulenta  (Michx. )  Gray.  Leaves  more  or  less  pubescent 
beneath. — With  the  type  and  about  as  common. 

2.  S.  hispida  Muhl.     GREENBRIER.     High  climbing  :  stems  thickly 
covered  with  prickles  :  leaves  ovate  or  heart-shaped,  7-nerved:  peduncles 
2-4  times  the  length  of  the  petiole :    umbels  10-25-flowered  :    berries 
bluish-black. — Common  in  woods  and  thickets.     May-June. 

FAMILY  24.     AMARYLLIDACEAE  Lindl. 

Herbs  with  perfect  regular  6-androus  flowers  and  linear  root-leaves. 
Perianth  adnate  to  the  surface  of  the  3-celled  ovary.  Style  single.  Capsule 
3  celled,  few-many-seeded. 

1.     HYPOXIS  L. 

Low  stemless  herbs  from  solid  bulbs.  Scapes  few-flowered.  Stamens 
inserted  on  base  of  perianth  segments.  Anthers  sagittate.  Capsule  in- 
dehiscent,  many-seeded. 

1.  H.  erecta  L.  STAR  GRASS.  2/-8/  high,  villous  :  scape  1-6- 
flowered  :  flowers  yellow  within,  greenish  and  villous  without,  4X/  long. — 
Wet  barrens  and  prairies  throughout  the  southern  part.  Very  abundant 
between  Greenwood  and  Lee's  Summit.  May. 


IRIDACEAE  63 

FAMILY  25.    DIOSCOREACEAE  Lindl. 

Twining  vines  with  large  tuberous  roots,  petioled,  cordate-ribbed  and 
reticulate-veined  leaves,  and  inconspicuous,  greenish,  dioecious,  6-androus 
flowers.  Stamens  3  or  6.  Ovary  inferior,  3-celled,  3-6-ovuled.  Stigmas 
and  styles  three  each. 

1.     DIOSCOREA  L. 

Flowers  in  axillary  racemes  or  panicles.  Capsule  3-winged,  loculicid- 
ally  3-valved. 

1.  D.  villosa  L.  WILD  YAM.  Leaves  alternate,  cordate-acuminate 
slightly  downy  beneatb:  staminate  flowers  in  drooping  panicles,  the 
fertile  in  drooping  racemes:  capsules  strongly  winged. — In  thickets 
throughout.  Well  distributed,  but  not  common.  May- July. 

FAMILY  26.    IRIDACEAE  Lindl. 

Perennial  herbs  with  equitant  two-ranked  leaves  and  perfect  flowers. 
Perianth  six-parted.  Stamens  3,  inserted  on  the  perianth.  Ovary  infer- 
ior, 3-celled,  with  many  ovules. 

Style  branches  broad  and  petal-like.  1.  Iris. 
Style  branches  slender. 

Flowers  l^/-2/  broad.  2.   Gemmingia. 

Flowers  less  than  9//  broad.  3.  Sisyrinchium. 

1.    IRIS  L.     BLUE  FLAG. 

Perennials  with  creeping  rootstocks  and  showy  flowers.  Perianth  seg- 
ments clawed,  the  three  outer  spreading,  the  inner  erect.  Styles  petaloid, 
over-arching,  bearing  the  stigmas  under  their  2-lobed  apex.  Capsule  3- 
6-angled. 

Flowers  on  tall  stems.  1.  /.  versicolor. 

Flowers  hidden  among  the  leaves.  2.  /.  foliosa. 

1.  I.  veraicolor  L.     2°-3°  high  :  leaves  somewhat  glaucous  :  flowers 
2£/-3/  long,  violet-blue,  variegated  with  green,  yellow  or  white  :  capsule 
3-sided. — In   swampy    ground.     Common   from   Adams  to   Lake  City. 
May- June. 

2.  I.  foliosa  Mackenzie  &  Bush.,  n.  sp.     Stems  flexuous  :  leaves  often 
2°  long,  not  glaucous  :  flowers  on  pedicels  10//-14//  long  :  perianth  seg- 
ments bluish,  2jx  long,  spreading,  not  crested  :  capsule  strongly  6-angled. 
— Meadows  and  borders  of  low  woods.     Lake  City,   Adams,  Glendale, 
Little  Blue  Tank  and  Greenwood.     Locally  abundant.     June. 

2.     GEMMINGIA  Fabr. 

A  tall  perennial  with  7m-like  leaves  and  flowers  in  terminal  panicles. 
Perianth  divisions  distinct  nearly  to  summit  of  ovary.  Stamens  mona- 
delphous  at  base,  inserted  at  base  of  perianth  segments.  Anthers  oblong. 
Capsule  pear-shaped,  the  valves  finally  breaking  and  exposing  the  black 
fleshy  seeds. 


64  OKCHIDACEAE 

1.  G.  Chinensis  ( L. )  Kuntze.  BLACKBERRY  LILY.  Flowers  reddish- 
orange,  purple-mottled. — Thoroughly  adventized  on  hillsides  and  along 
brooks.  Leeds,  Sibley,  along  Little  Blue,  etc.  June-August. 

3.     SISYRINCHIUM  L.     BLUE-EYED  GRASS. 
Tufted  perennials  with  linear  grass-like  leaves  and  fugacious  umbel- 
late flowers  from  a  pair  of  green  bracts.     Perianth  segments  mostly  aris- 
tate.    Stamens  monadelphous  to  near  the  top .    Capsule  globular,  3-angled. 

Flowers  yellow.  1.  S.  flaviflorum. 
Flowers  white  or  blue. 

Stems  usually  bearing  2  spathes.  2.  5.  graminoides. 

Stems  bearing  but  one  spathe.  3.  S.  campestris. 

1.  S.  flaviflorum.  Bicknell.      Lower  bract  very  large :  flowers  clear 
lemon-yellow. — Frequent  in  post-oak  woods  southeast  of  Independence 
in  two  places.     May. 

2.  S.  graminoides  Bicknell.     Stems   10/-18/  high,   broadly  winged  : 
leaves  \\"  wide  :  lower  bract  1-2  times  length  of  upper  :  capsule  2//-22// 
broad. — Rather  frequent  in  shaded  woods.     May- June. 

3.  S.  campestris   Bicknell.     Stems   7/-15/  high,  somewhat  winged  : 
leaves  V  or  less  wide  :  lower  bract  twice  length  of  upper  :  capsules  1  \" 
broad. — Prairies  and  oak  woods  in  the  southern  part,  rather  common. 
May. 

FAMILY  27.     ORCHIDACEAE  Lindl. 

Herbs  with  perfect  irregular  flowers.  Perianth  of  six  divisions,  the 
three  outer  (sepals)  nearly  sessile.  Two  of  the  inner  (petals)  differing 
from  the  third,  which  is  called  the  lip.  Anthers  one  (or  two  in  Cypri- 
pedium)  united  with  the  style  into  the  column.  Anthers  two-celled,  con- 
taining 2-8  masses  of  pollen  attached  to  a  disk  (gland).  Ovary  1-celled, 
3-angled,  and  filled  with  innumerable,  sawdust-like  ovules. 

(The  following  key  applies  only  to  the  species  represented  with  us.) 

Lip  forming  a  large  inflated  sac.  1.  CYPRIPEDIUM. 

Lip  not  forming  a  large  inflated  sac. 
Flowers  white. 

Lip  long-fringed.  3.  HABENARIA. 

Lip  not  long-fringed.  5.  GYROSTACHYS. 

Flowers  colored. 

Flowers  numerous  ;  leaf  solitary.  6.  APLECTRUM. 

Flowers  numerous  ;  leaves  two.  2.  ORCHIS. 

Flowers  few.  4.  POGONIA. 

1.     CYPRIPEDIUM  L. 

Flowers  one  to  several,  large  and  showy.  Sepals  and  petals  similar, 
spreading.  Lip  a  large  inflated  sac.  Column  declined,  bearing  a  stamen 
on  each  side  and  a  dilated  triangular  body  over  the  summit  of  the  style. 
Stigma  broad.  Pollen  granular. 

1.  C.  hirsutum  Mill.  LADY'S  SLIPPER.  Hairy,  l°-2^°  high  :  leaves 
many,  oval  :  petals  and  sepals  yellowish,  purple-streaked  :  lip  yellow. 


ORCHIDACEAE  G5 

— In  rich  woods,  local.     Dodson,  Independence,  Courtney,  Sibley,  Lee'a 
Summit.     Ours  is  mostly  the  form  known  as  C.  parviflorum  Salisb.     May. 

2.     ORCHIS  L. 

Flowers  several,  spiked.  Sepals  and  petals  about  equal.  Lip  spurred 
beneath,  turned  downward,  connate  with  base  of  column.  Anther  cells 
parallel.  Pollen  masses  one  in  each  cell,  stalked,  attached  at  base  to 
disks  (glands),  the  two  disks  contained  in  a  common  pouch. 

1.  O.  spectabilis  L.  SHOWY  ORCHIS.  Leaves  two,  large,  obovate  : 
scape  4MO'  high,  4-augled  :  flowers  violet-purple,  the  lip  white. — In 
rich  woods.  Rare.  Courtney,  Lake  City  and  Sibley.  May. 

3.     HABENARIA  Willd. 

Differs  from  Orchis  in  having  glands  not  enclosed  in  a  pouch  and  sepa- 
rate. 

1.  H.  leucophaea  (Nutt.)  A.  Gray.  PRAIRIE  ORCHIS.  li°-3°  high  : 
leaves  oblong-lanceolate  :  lip  6//-7//  long,  3-parted,  copiously  fringed  : 
spur  1/-U'  long — Uncommon  on  moist  prairies.  Adams,  Little  Blue 
Tank,  Lee's  Summit,  Greenwood,  Grand  View,  Levasy,  Oak  Grove. 

June. 

4.     POGONIA  Juss. 

Low,  few-flowered  herbs  with  equal  erect  petals  and  sepals.  Lip  not 
spurred.  Column  elongated,  club-shaped  at  summit.  Anther-sacs  par- 
allel. Pollinia  one  in  each  cell. 

1.  P.  trianthophora  (Sw. )  B.S.P.  NODDING  LOG  ORCHID.  Stems 
S'-S'  high,  from  tubers  :  leaves  alternate,  ovate-clasping,  3//-6//  long  : 
flowers  1-4  in  upper  axils,  Q//  long,  whitish  with  pale  purplish-white 
markings. — On  logs  in  rich  bottom  woods;  north  of  Courtney  (1881); 
along  the  Blue  south  of  Swope  Park  (1901).  Very  rare  and  local.  Au- 
gust-September. 

5.     GYROSTACHYS  Pers.     LADIES'  TRESSES. 
Herbs  from  fleshy  tubers  with  whitish  flowers  in  1-3-ranked  spikes. 
Sepals  somewhat  coherent.     Lip   embracing   the  column  and  with  two 
callosities  at  base.     Column  oblique.     Stigma  prolonged  into  an   acu- 
minate beak.     Pollen  masses  one  in  each  cell. 

Flowers  three-ranked. 

Leaves  oblong  to  oblong-lanceolate.  1.  G.  plantaginea. 

Leaves  linear  to  linear-oblanceolate.  2.  G.  cernua. 
Flowers  in  one  spirally-twisted  rank. 

Stem  leafy  at  base.  3.  G.  praecox. 

Stem  not  leafy  at  base.  4.  G.  gracilis. 

1.  G.   plantaginea    (Raf.)  Britton.     4/-9/  high:   leaves   2-5,    basal. 
l'-4'  long  :  spike  2X  long  :  callosities  absent  or  minute. — Rare  and  local 
in  rich  woods  near  Courtney  and  Athertou.     September. 
5 


66  JUGLANDACEAE 

2.  G.  cernua  (L.)  Kuntze.     6/-20/  high  :  leaves  4'-12'  long  :  spike 
G'-?'  long  :  callosities  prominent,  hairy. — Occasional  on  a  moist  prairie 
south  of  Lee's  Summit.     August-September. 

3.  G.  praecox  (Walt.)   Kuntze.     9'-24x  high:  leaves  linear,  4/-12/ 
long  :  spike  dense,  much-twisted,  downy-pubescent,  2/-5/  long  :  callos- 
ities rather  small. — Wet  grassy  places  along  Missouri  River  at  Courtney. 
Rare.     July-September. 

4.  G.  gracilis  (Bigel.)  Kuntze.     8/-20/  high  from  tuberous  thickened 
roots  :  leaves  withering  away  before  flowering  time  :  spikes  V-%¥  long  : 
flowers  very  small :  callosities  nipple-shaped. — One  plant  in  a  dry  open 
wood  near  Independence.     September. 

6.     APLUCTRUM  Nutt. 

Scapose  herbs  from  thick,  globular  bulbs.  Leaf  solitary.  Flowers 
bracted,  in  terminal  racemes.  Petals  and  sepals  similar.  Lip  not 
spurred,  3-ridged.  Pollinia  four. 

1.  A.  spicatum  (Walt.)  B.S.P.  ADAM-AND-EVE.  Leaf  ovate, 
strongly-nerved  :  racemes  several-flowered :  flower  ]/  long,  greenish 
brown,  speckled  with  purple. — In  rich  woods.  Courtney  to  Sibley  and 
Levasy.  Rare  and  local.  June. 

Subclass  2.    DICOTYLEDONES. 

Seeds  with  two  cotyledons.  Stems  exogenous.  Leaves  usually  pin- 
nately  veined,  and  parts  of  flowers  not  usually  in  threes  or  sixes. 

FAMILY  28.    JUGLANDACEAE  Lindl. 

Trees  with  alternate,  pinnate  leaves  and  monoecious  flowers.  Stami- 
nate  flowers  in  drooping,  densely-flowered  catkins,  consisting  of  3-many 
stamens  surrounded  by  an  unequally  lobed  calyx.  Fertile  flowers  few  or 
solitary,  consisting  of  an  inferior  2-4-celled,  1-ovuled  and  a  regular  3-5- 
lobed  calyx.  Fruit  a  nut,  enclosed  in  a  husk. 

Stamens  8-40  ;  husk  indehiscent.  1.  JUGLANS. 

Stamens  3-10  ;  husk  dehiscent.  2.  HICORIA. 

1.     JUGLANS  L. 

Bark  fragrant.  Calyx  of  staminate  flowers  3-6-lobed.  Pistillate  flowers 
with  a  4-lobed  calyx  and  4  small  petals.  Nuts  large,  enclosed  in  a  fibrous- 
fleshy  husk. 

1.  J.  nigra  L.  WALNUT.  A  large  tree,  sometimes  150°  high :  leaflets 
7-11  pairs,  lanceolate,  pubescent  beneath,  serrulate :  fruit  spherical,  the 
nut  corrugated. — Abundant  along  streams.  May-June. 

2.     HICORIA  Raf. 

Calyx  of  staminate  flowers,  unequally  2-3-lobed.  Pistillate  flowers 
with  a  4-lobed  calyx  and  no  petals.  Nuts  enclosed  in  a  dry,  more  or 
less  completely  4-valved  husk. 


SALICACEAE  67 

Bark  of  tree  close  and  rough. 

Leaflets  11  or  more.  1.  H.  Pecan. 

Leaflets  9  or  less. 
Branchlets  glabrous. 

Husk  of  fruit  strongly  ridged.  2.  H.  minima. 

Husk  not  ridged.  3.  H.  nllosa. 

Branchlets  strongly  pubescent.  4.  H.  alba. 

Bark  of  tree  exfoliating  in  long  narrow  plates. 

Nut  6"-l 0"  long.  5.  H.  ovata. 

Nut  12"-18"  long.  6.  H.  laciniosa. 

1.  H.  Pecan  (Michx.)  Britton.     PECAN.     Bud-scales  valvate  :  leaf- 
lets usually  11,  lanceolate  to  oblong-lanceolate,  strongly  falcate,  glabrate  : 
husk  thin,  tardily  splitting,  ridged,' ;  nut  oblong-elliptic,  not  ridged,  with 
thin  shell :  seed  sweet. — Four  trees  along  a  creek  southwest  of  Lone  Jack. 
Reported  elsewhere. 

2.  H.  minima  (Marsh.)  Britton.     PIGNUT.     Bud-scales  6-8,  valvate  : 
leaflets  usually  7,  lanceolate  to  oblong-lanceolate,  the  lateral  one  falcate, 
strongly  resinous  and   glandular  beneath  :  husk  thin,  tardily  splitting  : 
nut-shell  thin  :  seed  bitter. — A  common  forest  tree.     May-June. 

3.  H.  villosa  (Sarg. )  Ashe.     PIGNUT.     Bud-scales  6-8,  imbricated,  the 
outer  resinous- dotted  :  leaflets  5-9,  more  or  less  pubescent  and  resinous- 
dotted  :  fruit  obovoid,  V  or  more  long,  splitting  nearly  to  the  base  :  nut 
thin-shelled,  angled. — Frequent  in  dry  woods  in  the  eastern  part.     May- 
June. 

4.  H.  alba  (L. )   Britton.     MOCKER-NUT.     Bark  fragrant :  bud-scales 
8-10,  large,  imbricated  :  leaflets  7-9,  oblong-lanceolate  to  obovate  :  husk 
thick,  soon  splitting  :  nut  thick-shelled,  pointed  at  the  summit.— A  com- 
mon forest  tree.     May- June. 

5.  H.  ovata  (Mill.)  Britton.     SHELL-BARK  HICKORY.     Bud  scales  8- 
10,  imbricated  :  leaflets  5-7,  oblong-lanceolate  to  obovate,  very  sparingly 
glandular  beneath  :  husk  thick,  splitting  soon  :  seed  sweet. — A  common 
forest  tree.     May- June. 

6.  H.  laciniosa  (Michx.  f.)  Sarg.     KING-NUT.     Like  the  last  but  leaf- 
lets 7-9,  more  downy,  strongly  glandular  beneath:  fruit  2/-3/  long,  with 
a  very  thick  husk:  nut  thick-shelled  and  pointed  at  both  ends. — In  rich 
bottoms  throughout  but  never  common.     May -June. 

FAMILY  29.    SALICACEAE  Lindl. 

Trees  or  shrubs  with  dioecious  flowers  in  catkins,  and  alternate  stipu- 
late leaves.  Flowers  solitary  in  axils  of  bracts,  without  floral  envelopes. 
Staminate  flowers  consisting  of  1-many  stamens,  the  pistillate  of  a  1-celled 
ovary,  bearing  many  ovules  on  2-4  parietal  placentae.  Stigmas  2.  Style 
small  or  absent.  Seeds  provided  with  long  silky  down. 

Bracts  lacerate  ;  stamens  numerous.  1.  POPULUS. 

Bracts  entire  ;  stamens  2-10.  2.  SALIX. 


68  SALICACEAE 

1.     POPULUS  L. 

Trees  with  broad  leaves.  Buds  scaly,  resinous  covered.  Filaments 
distinct.  Ovary  sessile.  Stigmas  2-4,  elongated.  Capsule  2-4-valved. 

Leaves  white,  tomentose  beneath.  1.  P.  alba. 

Leaves  green  beneath.  2.  P.  deltoides. 

1.  P.  alba  L.     SILVER-LEAF  POPLAR.    A  tree  often  100°  high  :  leaves 
ovate-orbicular,  sinuate  toothed,  white-tomeutose  beneath  :  capsules  on 
short  pedicels. — Cultivated  and  spreading  by  suckers.     Independence, 
Raytown.     April. 

2.  P.  deltoidea  Marsh.    COTTON- WOOD.    50°-150°  high  :  leaves  broadly 
deltoid,  abruptly  acuminate,  crenulate  :  petiole  laterally  flattened  :  cap- 
sules long-pedicelled. — Common  in  river  bottoms.     April. 

2.     SALIX  L.     WILLOW. 

Trees  or  shrubs  with  narrow  leaves.  Buds  covered  by  a  single  scale. 
Filaments  distinct  or  united.  Ovary  sessile  or  short  stipitate.  Stigmas 
2,  short.  Capsule  2-valved. 

Catkins  appearing  after  the  leaves. 
Stamens  three  to  five. 

Leaves  green  on  both  sides.  1.  S.  nigra. 

Leaves  glaucous,  whitened  beneath. 

Leaves  "1"  or  less  wide.  2.  S.  longipes. 

Leaves  6//-14//  wide.  3.  8.  amygdaloides. 

Stamens  two. 

Leaves  on  petioles  2//-4//  long  ;  a  tree.  4.  8.  alba  vitfUina. 

Leaves  almost  sessile :  a  shrub.         *  5.  S,  interior. 

Catkins  appearing  before  the  leaves. 

Capsule  densely  pubescent.  6.  S.  humilis. 

Capsule  glabrous.  7.  S.  cordata. 

1.  S.  nigra  Marsh.     BLACK  WILLOW.     15°-100°  high  :  leaves  lanceo- 
late, long-attenuate,  downy  when  young,  at  length  green  and  glabrous 
except  on  the  veins  beneath,  serrulate  :  petioles  l/'-S"  long  :  fruiting 
aments  usually   dense  :  capsules  twice   the  length  of  their  pedicels. — 
Common  along  streams.     April-May. 

2.  S.  longipes  Shuttlw.     A  shrub  or  small  tree  :  leaves  lanceolate, 
long-acuminate,  silvery-white  and  usually  pubescent  beneath,  on  petioles 
I"-?"  long  :  aments  loosely  flowered  :  capsules  on  pedicels  of  nearly  their 
own  length. — Eocky  beds  of  streams  throughout  the  western  half,  but 
not  abundant.     April-May. 

3.  S.  amygdaloides  Anders.     Like  S.  longipes  but  with  broader,  long- 
petioled,  nearly  glabrous  leaves  :  stipules  small  :  aments  loose  :  capsules 
on  long  filiform  pedicels. — Common  along  streams,    especially  in  the 
Missouri  bottoms.     April-May. 

4.  S.  alba  vitellina  (L.)  Koch.     WHITE  WILLOW.     50°-90°  high: 
leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  glabrous  above  when  mature,  whitish  beneath, 
serrulate  :  aments  closely  flowered  :  capsules  almost  sessile. — Adventized 
occasionally  near  Sheffield  and  Independence.     April-May. 


BETULACEAE  69 

5.  S.  interior  Rowlee.     SAND-BAR  WILLOW.     2°-25°   high  :  leaves 
linear,  remotely  denticulate,  glabrous,  or  silky-pubescent  in  the  young 
shoots :  aments  linear,  cyliudric,  dense  :  capsules  short-pedicelled,  hairy 
when  young. — Extremely  abundant  on  sand-bars  along  the  Missouri  River. 
May- July. 

6.  S.  humilis  Marsh.     Low  WILLOW.    2°-15°  high  :  leaves  oblanceo- 
late,  short-petioled,  rugose-veined  and  more  or  less  tomentose  beneath, 
with  nearly  entire,  revolute  margins :  ameuts  dense,  sessile,  V  long,  ovoid- 
oblong:  capsule  short-pedicelled. — Prairies  and  barrens  throughout.   Often 
abundant.     March-April. 

7.  S.  cordata  Muhl.     A  shrub  5°-12°  high,  the  twigs  glabrous  or 
puberulent :  leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  acuminate,  serrate  :  stipules  large  : 
pistillate  aments  l.y-2$'  long,  linear  :  capsule  3-4  times  the  length  of  its 
pedicel. — Along  streams  east  of  Independence,  along  Brush  Creek,  at 
Kansas  City,  etc.     March-April. 

Var.  Missouriensis  (Bebb)  Mackenzie  &  Bush,  n.  comb.  A  shrub  or 
tree  10°-50°  high,  often  forming  a  large  trunk  with  blackish  bark  : 
aments  longer. — Common  in  rich  soil  along  streams.  Distinguished  from 
the  type  by  being  larger  throughout,  more  robust  and  having  black  bark. 
(S.  Missouriensis  Bebb.) 

FAMILY  30.    BETULACEAE  Agardh. 

Trees  or  shrubs  with  alternate  simple  leaves  and  monoecious  flowers 
mostly  in  aments.  Staminate  flowers  in  long  drooping  aments,  1-3  to- 
gether in  axils  of  bracts,  consisting  of  2-10  stamens  and  no  calyx  (in 
ours).  Pistillate  aments  spike-like  or  capitate  with  a  2-celled,  2-ovuled 
ovary.  Fruit  a  1-seeded  nut. 

Pistillate  flowers  in  aments.  1.  OSTRYA. 

Pistillate  flowers  capitate.  2.  CORYLUS. 

1.     OSTRYA  Micheli. 

Small  trees  with  very  hard  wood  and  leaves  appearing  after  the  flowers. 
Staminate  flowers  without  bractlets  at  base.  Nut  small,  enclosed  in  the 
large,  inflated,  oblong,  sac-like  bractlet. 

1.  O.  Virginiana  (Mill.)  Willd.  IRON  WOOD.  50°  or  less  high  : 
leaves  oblong-ovate,  petioled,  sharply-serrate,  strongly-nerved,  slightly 
downy  beneath. — Common  in  woods  throughout.  April-May. 

2.     CORYLUS  Tourn.     HAZEL  NUT. 

Shrubs.  Staminate  flowers  with  two  bractlets  at  base.  Bractlets  of 
pistillate  flower  two,  enlarging  in  fruit  and  enclosing  the  ovoid,  large, 
bony  nut. 

Involucral  bracts  long-beaked.  1.  C.  rostrata. 

Involucral  bracts  not  beaked.  2.   C.  Americana. 


70  FAGACEAE 

1.  C.   rostrata  Ait.     BEAKED   HAZEL   NUT.     Like  the  next,   but 
smoother  :  involucral  bracts  united  and  prolonged  into  a  beak  twice  as 
long  as  the  nut. — Thickets  in  the  northeastern  part.     April. 

2.  C.  Americana  Walt.     HAZEL  NUT.     3°-10°   high,  with  ovate, 
pointed,  serrulate  leaves,  downy  beneath  :   involucral  bracts  jagged  and 
incised  at  the  apex,  hardly  united,  not  prolonged  into  a  beak. — A  com- 
mon under-shrub  throughout.     March-April. 

FAMILY  31.    FAGACEAE  Drude. 

Trees  or  shrubs  like  the  last,  but  pistillate  flowers  solitary  or  few,  sub- 
tended by  an  involucre  which  in  fruit  forms  a  cup.  Staminate  flowers 
with  a  4-7-lobed  calyx,  and  4-20  stamens.  Ovary  3-7-celled,  with  1-2 
ovules  in  each,  but  only  one  ripening,  in  fruit  forming  a  1-seeded  nut 
with  a  thick,  bony  husk. 

1.     QUERCUS  L. 

Trees  with  varied  leaves.  Staminate  flowers  in  aments.  Calyx  of 
staminate  flowers  usually  6-lobed.  Ovary  3-celled,  6-ovuled.  Fruit  con- 
sisting of  an  acorn,  subtended  by  a  scaly-covered,  hard  involucre  (cup). 
Several  interesting  hydrids  occur. 

Leaves  lobed,  the  lobes  bristle-tipped. 
Leaves  pinnately  lobed. 

Cups  of  acorns  saucer- shaped. 

Cups  8//-12//  broad.  1.   Q.  rubra. 

Cups  5"-8"  broad.  2.   Q.  Texana. 

Cups  of  acorns  hemispheric.  3.   Q.  velutina. 

Leaves  3-5  lobed  above  the  middle.  4.   Q.  Marylandica. 

Leaves  entire.  5.   Q.  imbricaria. 

Leaves  lobed  but  not  bristle-tipped. 

Leaves  brown-tomentulose  beneath.  6.   Q.  minor. 

Leaves  not  brown-tomentulose  beneath. 

Old  leaves  glabrous  beneath.  7.   Q.  alba. 

Old  leaves  pubescent  beneath.  8.   Q.  macrocarpa. 

Leaves  crenate  or  dentate  but  not  lobed. 

Leaves  whitish-downy  beneath.  9.   Q.  platanoides. 

Leaves  smoothish  beneath. 

Tree:  leaves  oblong  or  lanceolate.  10.  Q.  acuminata. 

Shrub:  leaves  obovate.  11.   Q.  prinoides. 

1.  Q.  rubra  L.     RED  OAK.     Leaves  oval  to  obovate  in  outline,  S'-S7 
long,    2/-6/   wide,  slender-petioled,    sinuate-pinnatifid   to    deeply  pin- 
natifid,  green  and  glabrous  above  when  old,  pubescent  in  axils  of  veins 
beneath  :   cup  saucer-shaped,  much  broader  than  high,  8//-12//  broad  : 
acorn  ovoid,  lx  long,  2-4  times  the  length  of  the  cup. — A  common  forest 
tree.     April-May. 

2.  Q.  Texana  Buckley.     TEXAS  RED  OAK.     Like  the  last  but  leaves 
glabrous,  pinnatifid  and  bristle-tipped,  smaller  :  cup  5//-8//  broad  :  acorn 
less  than  V  long,  2-3  times  length  of  the  glabrous  cup. — Along  streams 
northeast  of  Independence  and  southeast  of  Grain  Valley.     Rare.     April- 
May. 


ULMACEAE  71 

3.  Q.    velutina  Lam.     BLACK  OAK.     Leaves  as  in   Q.  Texana  but 
usually  pubescent  below  along  the  veins  even  when  mature,  and  5-sided 
in  outline,  sometimes  smooth  :  cup  hemispheric,  its  scale  somewhat  squar- 
rose,  yellowish  floccose-pubesceut :  acorn  6"-12"  long,  about  twice  the 
length  of  the  cup. — A  common  tree,  especially  in  the  southern   part. 
April-May.     A  form,  common   especially    in  the  southern  part,    with 
leaves  and  petioles  floccose-pubescent  even  in  age  and  leaves  intermediate 
between  this  species  and  Q.  Maryland ica  is  probably  distinct. 

4.  Q.  Marylandica  Muench.       BLACK  JACK   OAK.     Leaves   short- 
petioled,    wedge-shaped  at  base,    3-5-lobed  at  the  summit,  the  lobes 
toothed,  rusty-pubescent  beneath  :  cup  5//-8//  broad,   deep,  pubescent, 
half  shorter  than  the  acorn. — Common  in  barrens  in  the  southern  part. 
April-May. 

5.  Q.  imbricaria  Michx.     SHINGLE  OAK.     Leaves  lanceolate-oblong, 
thick,  shining  above  and  downy  beneath,  entire  :  cup  5//-7//  broad,  acorn 
subglobose. — Common  along  streams.     April-May. 

6.  Q.   minor  (Marsh.)    Sarg.     POST   OAK.     Leaves  broadly  obovate, 
yellowish-pubescent  beneath,    pinnatifid  into  3-7  broad-toothed  lobes  : 
cup  6//-8//  broad,  hemispheric,  1-3J  times  shorter  than  the  acorn. — Com- 
mon in  barrens,  especially  in  the  southern  part.     April-May. 

7.  Q.  alba  L.     WHITE  OAK.     Leaves  obovate,  nearly  glabrous,  deeply 
sinuate-pinnatifid  into  3-9,  obtuse,  often  toothed  lobes  :  cup  7//-10//  broad, 
depressed  hemispherical.  1-3^  times  shorter  than  the  acorn. — A  common 
forest  tree  throughout.     April-May. 

8.  Q.  macrocarpa  Michx.     BUR  OAK.     Leaves  broadly  ovate,  white- 
pubescent  beneath,  irregularly  lobed  or  pinnate  :  cup  8//-20//  wide,  deep, 
the  scales  subulate  tipped  and  forming  a  mossy  fringe,  sometimes  cover- 
ing the  acorn. — Common  in  rich  soil.     April-May. 

9.  Q.  platanoides  (Lam.)  Sudw.     SWAMP  WHITE  OAK.     Leaves  ob- 
ovate, wedge-shaped  at  base,  sinuate-crenate  above,  white-downy  beneath : 
cup  long-peduncled  (2-5  times  length  of  petiole),  hemispheric:    acorn 
oblong-ovoid. — In  low  grounds  around  Sheffield  and  south  of  Oak  Grove. 
April-May. 

10.  Q.  acuminata  (Michx.)  Sarg.     CHESTNUT  OAK.     Leaves  oblong- 
lanceolate,  acute  or  acuminate,  sharply  toothed :  petioles  6//-12//  long  : 
cup  hemispheric,  5//-8//  broad,  peduncled  or  sessile :  acorn  ovoid,  twice 
as  high  as  the  cup. — A  tall  tree,  common  throughout.     April-May. 

11.  Q.  prinoides  Willd.    CHINQUAPIN  OAK.     A  shrub  2°-J5°  high, 
very  close  to  the  last,  but  leaves  broader  and   less  toothed,  on   peti- 
oles "&"-¥'  long. — Common  in  barrens,  especially  in  the  southern  part. 

April-May. 

FAMILY  32.     ULMACEAE  Mirbel. 

Trees  with  alternate,  stipulate  leaves  and  clustered  or  solitary  flowers. 
Calyx  of  3-9  sepals.  Stamens  opposite  sep  ils.  Ovary  superior,  1  celled. 
Ovule  one,  pendulous.  Styles  or  stigmas  two.  Fruit  a  samara  or  drupe. 


72  MOKACEAE 

Flowers  preceding  leaves;  fruit  a  samara.  1.  ULMUS. 

Flowers  with  leaves  ;  fruit  a  drupe.  2.  CELTIS. 

1.     ULMUS  L. 

Trees  with  serrate,  strongly-veined,  obovate,  inequilateral  leaves. 
Flowers  perfect  or  polygamous,  fascicled  or  racemose,  on  jointed  pedicels. 
Samara  winged  all  around. 

Flowers  fascicled. 

Samara  ciliate.  1.  u.  Americana. 

Samara  smooth.  3.  U.  pubescens. 

Flowers  racemose.  2.  U.  racemosa. 

1.  U.  Americana  L.     WHITE  ELM.     Often  120°  high  ;  branches  not 
corky-winged  :  leaves  smoothish  above :   flowers  long-pedicelled. — Com- 
mon along  streams.     March-April. 

2.  U.  racemosa  Thomas.     CORK  ELM.     Like  the  last :  branches  often 
corky-winged  :  samaras  densely  ciliate — In  rocky  woods  along  the  Mis- 
souri Eiver  bluffs  from  Kansas  City  to  Little  Blue  River.     March-April. 

3.  U.  pubescens  Walt.     SLIPPERY  ELM.     Sometimes  70°  high:  twigs 
and  bud-scales  pubescent :  leaves  rcugh-pubescent  above  :  flowers  short 
pedicelled. — A  common  forest  tree.     March-April. 

2.     CELTIS  Tourn.     HACKBERRY. 

Trees  with  pinnately-veined  leaves  and  axillary  polygamous  flowers. 
Starninate  flowers  clustered.  Fertile  flowers  one  or  two  together  and 
peduncled.  Calyx  5-6-parted.  Fruit  a  globular  drupe. 

Leaves  serrate.  1.   C.  occidentalis. 

Leaves  entire.  2.   C.  Mississippiensis. 

1.  C.  occidentalis  L.     A  small  pr  large  tree  with  ovate  or  ovate-lance- 
olate, sharply  serrate,  inequilateral  leaves  :  drupe  4//-5//  diameter. — 
Common  along  streams  and  bluffs.     April-May. 

2.  C.  Mississippiensis  Bosc.     A  small  tree  with  lanceolate  ovate,  en- 
tire or  nearly  so,  leaves  :  drupe  2|//-3//  in  diameter. — In  bottoms  along 
the  Missouri  River  near  Courtney  and  Sibley  and  on  rocky  hills  near 
Westport  and  Independence.     Local.     April-May. 

Var.  pumila  (Pursh)  Mackenzie  &  Bush,  n.  comb.  3°-8°  high  :  leaves 
less  taper  pointed  and  drupe  larger. — Rocky  banks  north  of  Lee's  Summit. 
( C.  pumila  Pursh. ) 

FAMILY  33.    MORACEAE  Lindl. 

Flowers  monoecious  or  dioecious,  small,  axillary  and  clustered.  Calyx 
4-5- parted,  the  stamens  as  many  as  its  lobes.  Ovary  1-celled,  superior, 
1  ovuled. 

Trees  or  shrubs. 

Leaves  serrate.  1.  MORUS. 

Leaves  entire.  2.  TOXYLON. 

A  twining  vine.  3.  HUMULUS. 

An  erect  herb.  4.  CANNABIS. 


UETICACEAE  73 

1.     MORUS  L.  • 

Small  trees  with  milky  juice  and  alternate  leaves.  Flowers  in  catkin- 
like  spikes.  Sepals  and  stamens  four.  Calyx  becoming  succulent  in 
fruit,  and  the  whole  pistillate  spike  thickening  into  a  juicy,  oblong  fruit. 

1.  M.  rubra  L.  MULBERRY.  Leaves  ovate,  heart-shaped,  acuminate, 
serrate,  downy  beneath. — Frequent  throughout  in  rich  soil.  April-May. 

2.     TOXYLON  Raf. 

Small  spiny  trees  with  milky  juice  and  alternate  entire  leaves.  Pis- 
tillate flowers  capitate,  the  stamiuate  racemose.  Sepals  and  stamens 
four.  Calyces  greatly  enlarging  in  fruit,  and  forming  a  large,  globular 
head. 

1.  T.  pomiferum  Raf.  OSAGE  ORANGE.  Leaves  ovate-lanceolate, 
thick  and  shining  :  fruit  2/-6/  in  diameter. — Commonly  used  for  hedges 
and  often  persistent  after  cultivation  or  spreading  from  the  roots. 

3.  HUMULUS  L. 

Twining  rough  vines  with  opposite  leaves.  Staminate  flowers  panicled, 
the  pistillate  in  drooping  spikes.  Sepals  in  staminate  flowers  and  stamens 
five.  Pistillate  flowers  two  together  in  axils  of  foliaceous  bract,  and  cov- 
ered by  a  solitary  sepal. 

1.  H.  Lupulus  L.  HOP.  Leaves  heart-shaped  at  base,  serrate  or  3-5- 
lobed  and  serrate  :  calyx  and  achene  resinous-aromatic. — Common  in 
thickets  along  streams.  July-October. 

4.  CANNA^IS  L. 

A  stout  herb  with  alternate  leaves  and  dioecious  flowers.  Staminate 
flowers  panicled,  composed  of  5  sepals  and  5  stamens.  Pistillate  flowers 
spiked,  clustered,  consisting  of  a  large  foliaceous  calyx  folded  around  the 
sessile  ovary. 

1.  C.  sativa  L.  HEMP.  4°-12°  high  :  leaves  digitately  5-11-cleft, 
the  linear-lanceolate  divisions  toothed. — Common  in  waste  places.  July- 
September. 

FAMILY  34.     URTICACEAE  Reichenb. 

Herbs  with  usually  stipulate,  petioled  leaves  and  unisexual  flowers. 
Calyx  2-5-cleft,  the  stamens  as  many  as  its  lobes.  Ovary  superior, 
1-celled,  containing  one  erect  ovule.  Stigma  simple.  Fruit  an  achene. 

Leaves  alternate. 

Herbs  with  stinging  hairs.  2.  URTICASTEUM. 

Herbs  without  stinging  hairs,  5.  PARIETARIA. 

Leaves  opposite. 

Plant  very  glabrous.  3.  ADICEA. 

Plant  more  or  less  hairy. 

Flowers  in  axillary  compound  panicles.  1.  URTICA. 

Flowers  glomerate  in  axillary  spikes.  4.  BOEHMERIA. 


74  SANTALACEAE 

1.     URTICA  L. 

Staminate  flowers  with  a  4-parted  calyx  and  four  stamens.  Pistillate 
calyx  composed  of  four  unequal  segments,  the  two  outer  smaller.  Herbs 
with  stinging  hairs. 

1.  U.  gracilis  Ait.  SLENDER  NETTLE.  Sparingly  stinging,  2°-8° 
high  :  leaves  ovate  lanceolate,  sharply  serrate,  nearly  glabrous. — Common 
in  low  grounds.  June-October. 

2.     URTICASTRUM  Fabr. 

Staminate  flowers  with  five  sepals,  five  stamens  and  a  rudimentary 
ovary.  Pistillate  calyx  composed  of  four  sepals,  the  outer  two  minute. 
Achene  very  oblique. 

1.  U.  divaricatum  (L.)  Kuntze.  WOOD  NETTLE.  2°-4°  high: 
leaves  ovate,  sharply  serrate,  long-petioled  :  flower  clusters  large  and 
loose  :  ultimate  branches  of  panicle  wing-margined. — A  very  stinging 
herb,  common  in  rich  woods.  July-October. 

3.     ADICEA  Raf. 

Staminate  flowers  with  a  3-4- parted  calyx,  3-4  stamens  and  a  rudi- 
mentary ovary.  Pistillate  calyx  composed  of  three  sepals.  Flowers  in 
axillary  clusters. 

1.  A.  pumila  (L. )  Raf.  CLEAEWEED.  Annual,  6'-20'  high,  succu- 
lent :  leaves  slender- petioled,  ovate,  wedge-shaped  at  base,  and  coarsely 
dentate  above. — Common  in  moist  shaded  woods.  August-October. 

4.     BOBHMERIA  Jacq. 

Staminate  flowers  as  in  Adicea.  Pistillate  calyx  tubular,  entire,  or 
2-4-toothed,  enclosing  the  ovary. 

1.  B.  cylindrica  (L.)  Willd.  FALSE  NETTLE.  A  rough  perennial, 
l°-3°  high  :  leaves  ovate,  3-nerved,  long  petioled,  serrate,  ciliate.— In 
low  grounds  near  Lake  City,  Courtney  and  Sibley.  Not  common.  July- 
October. 

5.     PARIETARIA  L. 

Staminate  flowers  as  in  Adicea.  Pistillate  calyx  4-lobed.  Flowers  in- 
termixed in  involucrate-bracted  axillary  clusters. 

1.  P.  Pennsylvanica  Muhl.  PELLITORY.  A  low  weak  annual, 
6'-12'  high  with  entire,  3-nerved,  oblong-lanceolate,  ciliate  and  dotted 
leaves  :  bracts  2-3  times  the  length  of  the  flowers,  ciliate. — Common  in 
dry  woods.  May-October. 

FAMILY  35.     SANTALACEAE  R.  Br. 

Plants  with  entire  leaves.  Calyx  3-6-lobed,  its  lobes  valvate.  Sta- 
mens as  many  as  calyx  lobes  and  opposite  them,  inserted  on  a  disk  near 
their  base.  Ovary  inferior,  1  celled,  bearing  3-4  ovules,  pendulous  from 
the  summit  of  the  central  placentae. 


POLYGONACEAE  75 

1.     COMANDRA  Nutt. 

Herbs  with  alternate  lanceolate  leaves  and  perfect  flowers  in  umbel- 
like  clusters.  Calyx  5-lobed.  Anthers  attached  to  calyx  lobes  by  a  tuft 
of  hairs. 

1.  C.  umbellata  (L.)  Nutt.  BASTAKD  TOAD  FLAX.  6'- 18'  high: 
calyx  greenish- white  :  fruit  globular,  urn-shaped. — Common  on  prairies 
and  in  dry  woods,  especially  in  the  southern  part.  April-May. 

FAMILY  36.    ARISTOLOCHIACEAE  Blume. 
Herbs  with  perfect  flowers.     Calyx  valvate  in  bud  and  coherent  with 
base  of  ovary,  its  limb  3-lobed.     Ovary  6-celled,  many-seeded.     Stamens 
6-12,  epigynous. 

Stamens  twelve.  1.  ASARUM. 

Stamens  six.  2    ARISTOLOCHIA. 

1.     ASARUM  L. 

Acaulescent  perennials  with  long,  running  rootstocks,  and  few  cordate- 
orbicular  leaves.  Flowers  axillary,  peduncled.  Calyx  regular. 

1.  A.  reflexum  Bicknell  WILD  GINGER.  Leaves  orbicular-reniform, 
2/-5/  across  :  sepals  brownish-purple,  4//-5//  long,  triangular,  about  the 
length  of  the  tube,  with  a  tip  l//-2//  long  — Common  in  rich  woods. 
April-May. 

2.     ARISTOLOCHIA  L. 

Caulescent  perennials  with  alternate  leaves  and  irregular  flowers. 
Calyx  tubular. 

1.  A.  Serpentaria  L.  VIRGINIA  SNAKEROOT.  6/-12/  high  :  leaves 
ovate-lanceolate,  entire,  cordate  at  base  :  flowers  on  slender  basal  scaly 
branches,  the  calyx  bent  like  a  letter  S  and  enlarged  at  the  throat  and 
base — In  dry  woods  from  Fairmount  Park  to  Courtney.  Not  common. 
May- June. 

FAMILY  37.    POLYGONACEAE  Lindl. 

Herbs  with  alternate  leaves  and  sheathing  stipules.  Flowers  perfect 
or  dioecious.  Calyx  with  2-6  lobes.  Stamens  2-12.  Ovary  superior, 
1-celled,  containing  one  ovule.  Styles  or  stigmas  2-3.  Fruit  an  achene. 

Sepals  six.  1.  RUMEX. 
Sepals  five  or  four. 

Leaves  hastate  ;  plants  climbing.  3.  POLYGONUM. 

Leaves  hastate  ;  plants  erect.  2.  FAGOPYRUM. 

Leaves  not  hastate  ;  plants  erect.  3.  POLYGONUM. 

1.     RUMEX  L. 

Flowers  in  panicled  racemes.  Sepals  six,  the  three  outer  not  changed 
in  fruit,  the  three  inner  usually  enlarging  and  one  or  all  bearing  a  tubercle 
at  base.  Stamens  six,  styles  three.  Stigmas  tufted. 


76  POLYGONACEAE 

Leaves  hastate.  1.  R.  Acttosella. 

Leaves  not  hastate. 

Sepals  bristle-bearing.  8.  B.  persicarioides. 

Sepals  not  bristle-bearing. 

Sepals  3"  broad  or  more  in  fruit.  5.  R.  Patieniia. 

Sepals  less  than  3/x  broad  in  fruit. 
Tubercle  usually  one. 

Sepals  spiny.  7.  R.  oltusifolius. 

Sepals  not  spiny.  4.  R.  altissimus. 

Tubercles  usually  three. 

Leaves  wavy-margined.  6.  R.  crispus. 

Leaves  not  wavy -margined. 

Pedicels  about  length  of  fruiting  calyx.       2.  R.  salicifolius. 
Pedicels  3-5  times  length  of  fruiting  calyx.  3.  R.  verticillatus. 

1.  R.  Acetosella  L.     SHEEP  SOREEL.     Dioecious,  6/-15/  high:  leaves 
lanceolate-hastate :  fruit  not  winged. — Not  uncommon  in  fields  and  waste 
places.     May-June. 

2.  R.  salicifolius  Weinm.     WHITE    DOCK.     Glabrous,    l°-5°  high  : 
leaves  oblong-lanceolate. — Common  on  sand-bars  along  the  Missouri  River 
and  in  waste  places.     May-October. 

3.  R.  verticillatus  L.     SWAMP  DOCK.     3°-5°high:  leaves  lanceolate 
to  oblong-lanceolate. — Frequent  in  swamps  near  Lake  City  and  Sibley. 
May- August. 

4.  R.  altissimus  Wood.     TALL  DOCK.     2°-4°  high,  very  glabrous  : 
leaves  oblong-lanceolate:  pedicels  about  the  length  of  the  fruiting  calyx. 
— Common  in  waste  places  and  moist  grounds.     May-July. 

5.  R.  Patientia  L.     PATIENCE  DOCK.     3°-5°  high  :  leaves  large,  the 
lower  ovate-oblong,  the  upper  oblong-lanceolate:  pedicels  2-4  times  the 
length  of  fruiting  calyx:  tubercle  one. — Along  the  railroad  near  Pixley's 
Switch.    Rare.    Abundant  near  Argentine  and  Nearman,  Kansas.     May- 
July. 

6.  R.  crispus  L.     CUELED  DOCK.     l°-4°  high  :  leaves  lanceolate  or 
oblong-lanceolate  :  pedicels  1-2  times  the   length  of  fruiting  calyx.  — 
Very  abundant  in  waste  places.     May-July. 

7.  R.  obtuaifolius  L.     BITTEE  DOCK.     l°-4°  high:  leaves  oblong-lan- 
ceolate, cordate  or  rounded  at  base  :  pedicels  longer  than  fruiting  calyx. — 
Common  in  waste  places.     May-July. 

8.  R.  persicarioides  L.     RIVER  DOCK.     8/-24/  high,  pubescent:  leaves 
long-lanceolate,  wavy-margined:  racemes  leafy-bracted :  flowers  densely 
whorled:  pedicels  slightly  longer  than  fruiting  calyx:  tubercles  three. — 
Common  on  sand- bars  along  the  Missouri  River.     May-October. 

2.     FAGOPYRUM  Gaertn. 

Annuals.  Sepals  five.  Stamens  eight.  Styles  three.  Stigmas  capi- 
tate. Achene  triangular,  longer  than  the  calyx.  Flowers  in  racemose 
panicles. 


POLYGONACEAE 


77 


1.  F.  esculentum  Moench.  BUCKWHEAT.  l°-2°  high,  smoothish: 
flowers  whitish:  achene  smooth. — Occasionally  occurs  along  railroads  and 
in  waste  places.  Julj- August. 

3.     POLYGONUM  L. 

Herbs  prostrate,  erect  or  twining.  Leaves  continuous  with  or  jointed 
to  the  stipules  (ochreae).  Calyx  4-5-parted.  Stamens  5-9.  Styles  2-3- 
parted  or  cleft.  Fruit  a  lenticular  or  triangular  achene.  Probably  includes 
several  distinct  genera. 

Plants  not  twining. 

Flowers  in  terminal  racemes.  I.  Smartweed. 

Lower  flowers,  at  least,  in  axillary  clusters.  II.  Kuotweed. 

Plants  twining.  III. 

I. 
Calyx  5-parted. 

Ochreae  not  bristle-bearing. 
Perennials. 
Annuals. 

Peduncles  almost  smooth. 
Peduncles  very  glandular. 

Style-branches  barely  exserted. 
Style-branches  long-exserted. 
Ochreae  bristle  bearing. 

Eacemes  thick  ;  not  interrupted. 
Plant  glabrous  to  puberuleut. 
Plant  hispid. 

Kacemes  slender  ;  usually  interrupted. 
Ochreae  strigose. 
Ochreae  smooth. 

Racemes  usually  drooping. 
Racemes  erect. 
Calyx  4-parted. 

Plants  prostrate. 
Plants  erect  or  ascending. 
Leaves  oblong  or  oval. 
Leaves  lanceolate  to  linear. 

Achene  twice  the  length  of  the  calyx. 
Achene  enclosed,  or  nearly  so,  by  calyx. 
1°  or  more  high. 
1°  or  less  high. 

III. 

Stems  not  prickly. 

Calyx  not  wing-margined  in  fruit. 

Calyx  strongly  wing-margined  in  fruit. 
Stems  prickly. 

1.  P.  emersum  (Michx.)  Britton.     l°-3° 
ovate-lanceolate  :   spikes  1-2,  I'-S'   long : 
Common  in  swampy  ground. 

2.  P.  lapathifolium  L.     l°-3°  high,  smooth  :  leaves  lanceolate,  2/-5/ 
long  :  spikes  erect,  \'-&  long  :  flowers  white  or  pink  :  stamens  6. — Infre- 
quently occurs  in  waste  places. 


1.  P.  emersum. 

2.  P.  lapathifolium. 

3.  P.  Pennsylvanicum. 

4.  P.  longistylum. 


5.  P.  Persicaria. 
9.  P.  orientale. 

6.  P.  hydropiperoides. 

7.  P.  Hydropiper. 

8.  P.  punctatum. 

10.  P.  Virginianum. 

11.  P.  aviculare. 

12.  P.  erectum. 

13.  P.  cxsertum. 

14.  P.  ramossissimum. 

15.  P.  tenue. 


16.  P.  Convolvulus. 

17.  P.  scandens. 

18.  P.  sagittatum. 

high,  usually  hairy  :  leaves 
flowers  bright  rose  color. — 


78  POLYGONACEAE 

Var.  incamatum  (Ell.)  S.  Wats.  Much  larger,  often  5°  high  :  leaves 
often  8'  long  and  spikes  2/-3/  long,  somewhat  nodding. — Common  in  open 
moist  ground. 

3.  P.  Pennsylvanicum  L.     Like  the  last,  but  peduncles  and  pedicels 
very  glandular,  glabrous  below :  spikes  oblong,  dense,  I'-S'  long  :  stamens 
8. — Very  abundant  in  low  grounds. 

4.  P.  longistylum  Small.     Resembles  P.  Pennsylvanicum,  but  the  spikes 
are  longer  (1/-47  long)  and  less  dense,  the  calyx  is  larger,  and  the  styles 
are  long-exserted. — Low  grounds  near  Atherton.     Local. 

5.  P.  Fersicaria  L.     Peduncles  and  pedicels  not  glandular  and  ochreae 
fringed  with  short  bristles.     Otherwise  closely  resembles  P.  Pennsylva- 
nicum.— Frequent  in  waste  places.     July-October. 

6.  P.  hydropiperoides  Michx.     Perennial,  l°-3°  high,  glabrous  or  stri- 
gillose  :  leaves  narrowly  lanceolate  :  ochreae  fringed  with  long  bristles : 
spikes   erect,  slender  and   usually  interrupted  below  :  achene  sharply 
triangular. — Wet  prairies  near  Lake  City  and  Sibley.     Locally  common. 
July-October. 

7.  P.  Hydropiper  L.     Annual,  l°-2°  high,  smooth  :  leaves  lanceolate, 
punctate  :   ochreae  fringed  with  short  bristles  :  spikes  nodding,  slender 
and  interrupted  :  achene  triangular  or  lenticular  :  stamens  4  or  6. — In 
waste  places.     Not  uncommon.     July-September. 

8.  P.  punctatum  Ell.      Annual  or  perennial,   l°-4°  high,  smooth  : 
leaves  lanceolate,  punctate  :  ochreae  fringed  with  long  bristles  :  spikes 
erect,  loosely  flowered  :  achene  triangular  or  lenticular. — Rather  common 
in  wet  woods. 

Var.  leptostachyum  (Meisn  )  Small.  Plant  smaller:  spikes  much 
interrupted  and  more  loosely  flowered. — Very  common  in  damp  woods. 

9.  P.  orientate  L.     3°-8°  high,  hispid :  leaves  broadly  ovate,  acumi- 
nate :  ochreae  short-ciliate :  spikes  numerous,  dense  and  finally  droop- 
ing :  flowers  large,  rose-colored. — Rarely  escaped  from  gardens  near  In- 
dependence, Lone  Jack  and  Adams.     August-October. 

10.  P.  Virginianum  L.      Annual,   2°-5°  high,   nearly  smooth,   but 
ochreae  strigose:  leaves  ovate,  acuminate:  spikes  very  long,  slender  and 
interrupted  :  flowers  greenish-white. — Common  in  rich  woods.     August- 
October. 

11.  P.  aviculare  L.    Prostrate  and  widely  spreading :  leaves  oblong  to 
lanceolate,  acutish,  3//-10//  long  :  ochreae  silvery  :  flowers  small  :  style 
3-parted  to  near  the  base  :  stamens  5-8. — Abundant  in  waste  places. 

Var.  littorale  (Link. )  Mackenzie  &  Bush,  n.  comb.  Leaves  obtusish, 
and  style  3-parted  at  the  base. — Common  in  waste  places.  (P.  litlorale 
Link. ) 

12.  P.  erectum  L.     Stout,  erect,  l°-2°  high:   leaves  oval  to  oblong, 
6//-20//  long,  rather  obtuse  :  stamens  usually  six  :   achene  included  or 
almost  so. — Common  in  woods  and  waste  grounds.     August-October. 


CHENOPODIACEAE  79 

13.  P.  exsertum  Small.      Annual,   l°-3°  high  :    leaves  lanceolate, 
acute,  short-petioled  :   stamens  5-6:  achene  2-3  times  the  length  of  the 
calyx. — Muddy  banks  of  Rock  Creek  near  its  mouth,  and  near  Indepen- 
dence.    Not  common.     August-September. 

14.  P.  ramosissimum  Michx.     Annual,    l°-4°  high  :    leaves  linear- 
lanceolate,  acute,  short-petioled  :  stamens  6  :  achene  sometimes  slightly 
exserted. — Common  in  open  grounds.     August-September. 

15.  P.  temie  Michx.     Annual,  4/-12/   high,  slender:    leaves   linear- 
lanceolate,  acute,  short-petioled  :  flowers  erect  :    stamens  8 :    achene  in- 
cluded.— On  wet  hillsides  north  of  Lee's  Summit  and  south  of  Grain 
Valley.     Local.     July-September. 

16.  P.  Convolvulus  L.     CLIMBING  BUCKWHEAT.     Annual,  twining 
or  procumbent,   scurfy:    leaves  ovate-sagittate:    flowers  in    pedicelled 
clusters:  outer  calyx  lobes  keeled,  but  not  winged. — Frequent  in  waste 
places  and  along  railroads.     June-August. 

17.  P.  scandens   L.     CLIMBING  BUCKWHEAT.     Perennial,  strongly 
climbing,  smooth  :    leaves  ovate  cordate  at  base,  long-petioled  :  racemes 
numerous,  panicled  and  leafy :  outer  calyx  lobes  strongly  winged,  5"-6" 
long. — Abundant  in  thickets.     July-October. 

18.  P.  sagittatum  L.      TEAK  THUMB.     Annual :    stems  climbing, 
thickly  covered  with  sharp-reflexed  prickles  :  leaves  lanceolate-sagittate, 
short-petioled  :   flowers  in  capitate  clusters. — In  bogs  near  Buckner  and 
Sibley.     Locally  abundant.     July-October. 

FAMILY  38.     CHENOPODIACEAE  Dumort. 

Weedy  herbs  with  alternate,  non-stipulate  leaves.  Flowers  small, 
greenish,  without  scarious  bracts.  Calyx  2-5-lobed  or  parted,  or  of  but 
one  sepal.  Stamens  as  many  as  calyx  lobes,  or  sometimes  fewer.  Ovary 
superior,  1 -celled,  1-ovuled.  Styles  or  stigmas  1-5.  Fruit  a  utricle,  with 
a  thin  or  thick  covering  (pericarp). 

Leaves  not  rigid  and  spiny  tipped. 

Pistillate  flowers  not  enclosed  by  bractlets. 
Sepals  three  to  five. 

Fruiting  calyx  strongly  winged.  2.  CYCLOLOMA. 

Fruiting  calyx  not  strongly  winged. 

Leaves  not  linear  and  ciliate.  1.  CHENOPODIUM. 

Leaves  linear  and  ciliate.  5.  KOCHIA. 

Sepals  solitary. 

Leaves  toothed.  3.  MONOLEPIS. 

Leaves  entire.  6.  CORISPERMUM. 

Pistillate  flowers  enclosed  by  two  bractlets.  4.  ATKIPLEX. 

Leaves  rigid  and  spiny  tipped.  7.  SALSOLA. 

1.     CHENOPODIUM  L. 

Weeds  with  perfect  sessile  flowers  in  panicled  clusters.  Sepals  and 
stamens  each  3-5.  Styles  2-3.  Calyx  lobes  enveloping  the  fruit,  which 
is  enclosed  by  a  thin  covering  (pericarp). 


80  .  CHENOPODIACEAE 

Plants  not  glandular  nor  aromatic. 

Pericarp  easily  separated  from  the  seed. 

Calyx  lobes  barely  keeled.  2.   C.  Boscianum. 

Calyx  lobes  strongly  keeled. 

Leaves  linear  to  oblong.  3.  C.  Ifptophyllum. 

Leaves  triangular-hastate.  4.   C.  Fremontii  incanum. 

Pericarp  separated  from  seed  with  difficulty. 

Leaves  coarsely  2-8-toothed.  8.   C.  hybridum. 

Leaves  sinuate  to  incised,  j 

Sepals  strongly  keeled.  1.   C.  album. 

Sepals  not  keeled  in  fruit. 

Leaves  white-glaucous  beneath.  7.   C.  glaucum. 

Leaves  green  on  boJi  sides. 

Seeds  with  rounded  margins.  5.  C.  urbicum. 

Seeds  with  acute  margins.  6.   C.  murale. 

Plants  glandular  or  aromatic. 

Leaves  sinuate-pinnatifid.  9.   C.  Botrys. 

Leaves  repand-dentate  to  incised. 

Flowers  in  leafy  spikes.  10.   C.  ambrosioides. 

Flowers  in  leafless  spikes.  11.   C.  anthelminticum. 

1.  C.    album   L.     PIGWEED.     Erect    annual,    6' -10°    high,    mealy  : 
leaves  rhombic-ovate  to  linear-lanceolate,  at  least  the  lower  usually  angu- 
late-toothed,  acuminate  to  obtuse  :  spikes  in  terminal  clusters. — Abun- 
dant in  waste  places.     May-November.     A  form  with  linear  entire  leaves 
occurring  in  the  southern  part  and  apparently  native  may  be  distinct. 

Yar.  viride  (L. )  Moq.  Plant  not  mealy:  leaves  obtuse  or  acute. — 
Infrequent  in  waste  places. 

Var.  Berlandieri  (Moq.)  Mackenzie  &  Bush,  n.  comb.  Plant  not 
mealy  :  leaves  cuspidate  or  bristle-tipped. — Abundant  in  waste  places. 
(C.  Berlandieri  Moq.) 

2.  C.  Boscianum  Moq.     WOOD  PIGWEED.     l°-4°  high,  not  mealy  : 
leaves    oblong-lanceolate,    slender-petioled,   nearly    entire  :    flowers    in 
slender,  terminal   spikes   on  widely   diverging    branches. — Common    in 
woods  and  thickets.     July-October. 

3.  C.    leptophyllum    (Moq.)    Nutt.     NARROW-LEAVED    PIGWEED. 
Annual,  6'-30'  high,  more  or  less  mealy  :  leaves  linear  to  oblong-linear, 
entire  :  branches  erect :  flowers  densely  clustered. — Infrequent  along  rail- 
roads and  in  sandy  soil  throughout.     May- October. 

Var.  oblongifolium  S.  Wats.  Leaves  oblong. — With  the  type  but 
much  more  common. 

4.  C.    Fremontii  incanum  S.  Wats.     PRAIRIE   PIGWEED.     Annual, 
about  67  high,  erect,  mealy  :  leaves  broadly  triangular-hastate,  sinuate- 
dentate,  densely  mealy  on  both  sides  :  spikes  slender,  axillary  and  ter- 
minal.— Has  been  found  as  a   waif  at  Courtney;  also  at  Armstrong, 
Kansas.     July-September. 

5.  C.  urbicum  L.     CITY  PIGWEKD.     Dull  green  annual,  l°-3°  high, 
not  mealy,  erect :   leaves  triangular-ovate,    irregularly   dentate  :   spikes 
terminal  and  axillary,  the  upper  longer  than  the  leaves. — Waste  places  in 
Kansas  City  and  Sheffield.     Not  common.     June-September. 


CHENOPODIACEAE  81 

6.  C.  murale  L.     SOWBANE.     Resembles  the  last  but  usually  decum- 
bent :  leaves  more  sharply  toothed  :  spikes  not  longer  than  the  leaves  — 
Streets  of   Westport  and  Independence.     Locally   common.     June-Sep- 
tember. 

7.  C.  glaucum  L.     SPREADING  PIGWEED.     Glaucous-mealy,  spread- 
ing :  leaves  oblong,  sinuate-toothed,    strongly  glaucous-mealy  beneath  : 
flowers  in  small  axillary  spikes. — Sand-bars  along  the  Missouri  River  near 
Courtney.     Rare.     June-October. 

8.  C.  hybridum  L.     MAPLE-LEAVED  PIGWEED.     2°-8°  high  :  leaves 
large,  thin,  ovate,  truncate  or  rounded  at  base,  long-acuminate,  with  1-4 
deep  teeth  on  each  side  :  flowers  in  large  diffuse  panicles. — Abundant  in 
woods  and  waste  places  throughout.     July-October. 

9.  C.  Botrys  L.     FEATHER  GERANIUM.     Annual,  6'-24'  tall,  glan- 
dular-pubescent  and   viscid :    leaves  slender-petioled,    oblong,    sinuate- 
pinnatifid  :  flowers  small,  in  axillary,  cymose,  leafless  panicles. — Streets 
of  Independence,  and  at  Sheffield.     Rare.     June-September. 

10.  C.   ambrosioides    L.      MEXICAN  TEA.      Nearly    smooth,    but 
strongly-scented,  2°-4°  high  :  leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  repand-dentate, 
short-petioled  :  flowers  in  dense  axillary  and  terminal  leafy  spikes. — 
Common  around  dwellings.     July-October. 

11.  C.   anthelminticum   L.     WORMSEED.     Resembles  the    last    but 
leaves  more  strongly  toothed  and  spikes  not  leafy. — Around  dwellings  at 
Courtney,  Independence  and  near  Atherton,     July-October. 

2.     CYCLOLOMA  Moq. 

A  diffusely  branching  annual  with  alternate,  sinuate-toothed  leaves. 
Calyx  5-lobed,  the  lobes  strongly  keeled,  surrounded  by  a  continuous, 
horizontal,  scarious  wing. 

1.  C.  atriplicifolium  (Spreng.)  Coult.  WINGED  PIGWEED.  6'-3° 
high  :  leaves  somewhat  arachnoid-pubescent. — Sandy  places  in  the  Mis- 
souri River  bottoms.  Rather  common.  July-October. 

3.     MONOLEPIS  Schrad. 

Low  annuals  with  flowers  in  axillary  sessile  clusters.  Sepal  1.  Stamen 
1.  Styles  2. 

1.  M.  Nuttalliana  (R.  &  S.)  Greene.  3/-12/  high,  prostrate-spread- 
ing :  leaves  lanceolate,  3-lobed,  the  middle  lobe  much  the  longest  :  flow- 
ers sessile. — Sparingly  adventized  along  the  railroad  near  Pixley's  Switch  ; 
also  at  Argentine,  Kansas.  April-September. 

4.     ATRIPLEX  L. 

Flowers  dioecious  or  monoecious,  axillary  or  in  spikes.     Staminate 
flowers  with  3-5  sepals,  3-5  stamens,  and  no  bracts.     Pistillate  flowers 
consisting  of  a  solitary  pistil,  enclosed  in  two  foliaceous  bracts. 
6 


82  AMAKANTHACEAE 

1.  A.  hastata  L.  SPREADING  ORACHE.  Rather  spreading,  l°-2° 
high,  scurfy  :  leaves  broadly  triangular-hastate,  nearly  entire :  flowers 
in  panicled,  interrupted  leafless  spikes,  or  axillary  :  sides  of  fruiting 
bractlets  tubercled. — In  waste  places  at  Westport,  Independence  and 
Greenwood.  Uncommon.  July-October. 

5.     KOCHIA  Roth. 

Erect  herbs  with  narrow,  entire  leaves  and  flowers  in  axillary  clusters. 
Calyx  5-lobed,  membranous,  somewhat  winged  in  fruit.  Embryos  of  seed 
annular. 

1.  K.  Scoparia  (L.)  Roth.  Annual,  l°-3°  high,  pubescent  above: 
utricle  usually  flat.— Along  Independence  Ave.,  Kansas  City,  near  east 
end  of  car  line.  A  few  clumps.  August-October. 

6.     CORISPERMUM  L. 

Much  branched  herbs,  with  flowers  solitary  in  axils  of  the  upper  bract- 
like  leaves,  and  forming  dense  terminal  spikes.  Calyx  of  a  solitary,  thin 
sepal.  Stamens  1-3.  Pericarp  adherent  to  seed. 

1.  C.  hyssopifolium  L.  BUG  SEED.  l°-3°  high  :  lower  leaves  linear, 
the  upper  ovate-lanceolate. — Sand-bars  along  the  Missouri  River  near 
Courtney.  Rare.  Also  opposite  Kansas  City  in  Clay  County.  July- 
September. 

7.     SALSOLA  L. 

Flowers  perfect,  sessile,  2-bracteolate.  Calyx  5-parted,  appendaged  by 
a  broad  horizontal  wing.  Stamens  5.  Styles  2. 

1.  S.  Tragus  L.  RUSSIAN  THISTLE.  A  bushy  branched  annual : 
leaves  succulent,  awl-shaped,  very  prickly  pointed. — Along  railroad  at 
Sheffield.  Not  common  and  shows  little  tendency  to  spread.  May- 
October. 

FAMILY  39.    AMARANTHACEAE  J.  St.  Hil. 

Herbs  with  alternate  or  opposite  leaves.  Flowers  in  terminal  spikes, 
scarious-bracted  at  base.  Calyx  2-5-parted.  Stamens  1-5.  Ovary  1-celled, 
1-ovuled.  Stigmas  1-3.  Fruit  a  utricle. 

Leaves  alternate. 

Calyx  lobes  3-5.  1.  AMARANTHUS. 

Calyx  of  perfect  flowers  absent.  2.  ACNIDA. 

Leaves  opposite.  3.  FROELICHIA. 

1.     AMARANTHUS  L. 

Weeds  with  monoecious,  polygamous  or  dioecious  flowers  in  dense  ter- 
minal spikes  or  axillary  clusters,  3-bracted  at  base.  Calyx  of  distinct 
sepals.  Fruit  beaked  by  persistent  styles.  Leaves  awn-tipped. 

Upper  flowers  in  dense  terminal  spikes. 
Leaves  not  spiny  in  axils. 
Flowers  polygamous. 

Spikes'stout.  1.  A.  retroflexus. 


AMARANTHACEAE  83 

Spikes  slender.  2.  A.  hylridus. 

Flowers  dioecious.  6.  A.  Pnlmeri. 

Leaves  with  two  spines  in  axils.  3.  A.  spinosus. 
Flowers  in  small  axillary  clusters. 

Plant  prostrate-spreading.  4.  A.llilmdes. 

Plant  erect-ascending.  5.  A.  graecizans. 

1.  A.  retroflexus  L.     ROUGH  PIGWEED.     1°-10°  high,  roughish-pu- 
berulent:  leaves  ovate,  entire  or  undulate,  long-petioled  :  flowers  greenish, 
in  dense  terminal  and  axillary  spikes  :  spikes  ovoid-cylindric,  compound 
and  often  densely  clustered  :  bracts  awn-pointed  :  utricle  circumscissile. 
— A  common  weed  in  waste  places.     July-October. 

2.  A.  hybridus  L.     SLENDER  PIGWEED.     Like  the   last  but  spikes 
linear-cylindric,  somewhat  narrower,  flexuous  and  not  densely  clustered. 
— Also  abundant  in  waste  places.     July-October. 

Var.  paiiiculatus  (L. )  Uline  &  Bray.  Flowers  and  leaves  tinged  with 
red. — Well  distributed  in  waste  places  but  not  common.  July-October. 

3.  A.  spinosus  L.     SPINY  PIGWEED.     Bushy-branched,  l°-4°  hi»h  : 
leaves  rhombic-lanceolate,  long-petioled,  with  a  pair  of  stout  spines  in 
their  axils  :  flowers  monoecious  :  spikes  long  and  slender  :  utricle  im- 
perfectly circumscissile. — In  waste  places.    Rather  common .     June-Octo- 
ber. 

4.  A.  blitoides  S.  Wats.     CREEPING  PIGWEED.     Widely   prostrate- 
spreading  :  leaves  spatulate,  petioled  :  flower  clusters  small :  bract  short, 
acuminate  :  utricle  circumscissile. — Abundant  in  waste  places.     June- 
October. 

5.  A.  graecizans  L.     TUMBLE  WEED.     Resembles  the  last,  but  erect- 
spreading  :  bracts  subulate,  rigid,  pungent-pointed. — Frequent  in  waste 
places  throughout.     June-October. 

6.  A.  Falmeri  S.  Wats.     2°-5°  high,  puberulent  above  :  leaves  ovate- 
lanceolate,  blunt  at  the  apex,  long-petioled  :  flowers  dioecious,  borre  in 
slender   spikes  :  bracts  subulate,   spiny-avvned  :    utricle    indehiscent. — 
Rarely  adventized  along  railroad  at  Wayne  City.     Also  at  Argentine, 
Kansas.     August-October. 

2.     ACNIDA  L. 

Closely  resembles  Amaranthus,  save  that  the  calyx  is  absent  in  the  pis- 
tillate flowers.  Plants  dioecious. 

1.  A.  tamariscina  ( Nutt. )  Wood.  WATER  HEMP.  6MO°  high  : 
erect  to  postrate-spreading,  usually  much-branched  :  leaves  ovate-lanceo- 
late, long-petioled  :  flowers  in  long  spikes  and  in  axillary  clusters  :  utricle 
circumscissile,  usually  somewhat  angled  and  tubercled,  membranous. — 
Abundant  in  low  grounds  especially  on  sand-bars  along  the  Missouri 
River.  June-November.  Very  variable. 

Var.  tuberculata  (Moq.)  Uline  &  Bray.  Tall  and  erect  with  spicate 
inflorescence  and  a  tubercled,  indehiscent  utricle.  — Frequent  with  the 
type. 


84:  NYCTAGINACEAE 

3.     FROELICHIA  Moench. 

Annuals  with  perfect  3-bracted  flowers  in  densely  panicled  spikes. 
Calyx  very  woolly,  tubular,  5- cleft,  longitudinally  crested.  Stamens  5, 
their  filaments  united.  Utricle  indehiscent. 

1.  F.  Floridana  (Nutt.)  Moq.  WOOLLY  PIGWEED.  Erect,  l°-5°  high  : 
leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  silky  pubescent  beneath  :  flowers  very  white- 
woolly. — Adventized  along  railroad  near  Courtney.  Uncommon.  July- 
September. 

FAMILY  40.    PHYTOLACCACEAE  Lindl. 

Herbs  with  alternate  entire  leaves  and  perfect  flowers.  Sepals  5.  Sta- 
mens 5  or  more.  Ovary  superior,  several-celled,  with  one  ovule  in  each 
cell.  Styles  as  many  as  the  cells. 

1.     PHYTOLACCA  L. 

Flowers  in  terminal  bracteolate  racemes.  Ovary  composed  of  5-15 
somewhat  united  carpels,  in  fruit  forming  a  berry. 

1.  P.  decandra  L.  POKE  BERRY.  3°-12°  high,  glabrous  :  leaves  ob- 
long-lanceolate, large  :  stamens  10  :  calyx  white. — A  common  weed  in 
low  grounds,  waste  places,  etc.  June-October. 

FAMILY  41.    NYCTAGINACEAE  Lindl. 

Herbs  with  opposite  entire  leaves  and  regular  flowers  in  terminal  or 
axillary  clusters,  subtended  by  a  calyx-like  involucre.  Calyx  inferior, 
petal-like,  tubular  or  funnelform,  4-5-lobed.  Stamens  hypogynous. 
Ovary  1-celled,  1-ovuled,  enclosed  by  persistent  base  of  calyx. 

1.    ALLIONIA  Loefl.     UMBRELLA-WORT. 

Involucres  axillary  or  in  large  terminal  panicles,  4-5-lobed,  3-5-flowered. 
Stamens  three.  Fruit  strongly  ribbed. 

Leaves  broadly  ovate.  1.  A.  nyctaginea. 
Leaves  oblong-lanceolate  to  linear-lanceolate. 

Stem  glabrous  below.  2.  A.  albida. 

Stem  hairy  below.  3.  A.  hirsuta. 

Leaves  long-linear.  4.  A.  linearis. 

1.  A.  nyctaginea  Michx.     l°-4°  high,  stem  much  branched  :  leaves 
petioled,  ovate,  cordate  or  rounded  at  base. — Common  in  rocky  woods  and 
along  railroads.     May- September. 

Var.  ovata  (Pursh)  Morong.  Leaves  oblong-ovate,  tapering  to  the 
base,  not  at  all  cordate.  —Rarely  adventized  along  railroad  south  of  Little 
Blue  Tank.  May-September. 

2.  A.  albida  Walt.     l°-5°  high,  not  bushy-branched,  whitish  and  gla- 
brous below  :  inflorescence  viscid-pubescent  :  leaves  oblong- lanceolate  to 
linear-lanceolate,  nearly  sessile  :   flowers  sometimes  all  axillary.— Fre- 
quent in  barrens  throughout.     May-September. 


POKTULACACEAE  85 

3.  A.  hirsuta  Pursb.     Closely  resembles  tbe  last,  but  glandular-pubes- 
cent all  over. — Barrens  west  and  north  of  Lee's  Summit.    May-September. 

4.  A.  linearis  Pursb.     l°-5°  high,  glaucous  :  leaves  narrowly  linear  : 
inflorescence  puberulent. — Adventized  along  railroads.     Atherton  to  Shef- 
field ;  Hickman's  Mills.     Infrequent.     May-September.    A.  Bashii  Brit- 
ton  is  but  a  depauperate  form  of  tbis  species. 

FAMILY  42.    AIZOACEAE  A.  Br. 

Prostrate  herbs  with  small  regular  flowers.  Calyx  4-5-parted.  Sta- 
mens perigynous.  Ovary  3-5-celled,  many-ovuled.  Fruit  a  capsule. 

1.     MOLLUGO  L. 

Flowers  axillary.  Sepals  5.  Petals  none.  Stamens  3-5.  Ovary  3- 
celled  and  stigmas  3.  Stipules  scarious,  deciduous. 

1.  M.  verticillata  L.  CARPET  WEED.  Leaves  linear-spatulate,  in 
whorls  of  5-6  :  flowers  on  slender  pedicels,  V  broad. — Usually  common 
along  railroads  and  in  sandy  grounds.  June-October. 

FAMILY  43.    PORTULACACEAE  Reicheub. 

Herbs  with  regular  unsymmetrical  flowers.  Sepals  2.  Petals  4-5. 
Stamens  equalling  petals  or  more  numerous.  Ovary  1-celled,  with  few  to 
many  ovules.  Style  2-3-cleft.  Capsule  circumscissile  or  dehiscent  by 
three  valves. 

Flowers  cymose-paniculate.  1.  TALINUM. 

Flowers  in  terminal  racemes.  2.  CLAYTONIA. 

Flowers  axillary.  3.  PORTULACA. 

1.  TALINUM  Adans. 

Erect  perennial  herbs  with  alternate  terete  leaves  and  cymose-paniculate 
flowers.  Capsule  three-valved. 

1.  T.  calycinum  Engelm.  FLAME  FLOWER.  4/-12/  high:  leaves  basal, 
clustered :  cymes  compound  :  flowers  V  broad,  pink  :  sepals  persistent  : 
stamens  12-30. — On  almost  naked  limestone  rocks  at  Greenwood  and 
south  of  Oak  Grove.  Abundant  in  two  small  localities.  May-Septem- 
ber. 

2.  CLAYTONIA  L. 

Herbs  with  flowers  in  terminal  racemes.  Sepals  persistent.  Stamens 
and  petals  5  each. 

1.  C.  Virginica  L.  SPRING  BEAUTY.  6X-12X  high  from  a  deep  solid 
tuber  :  leaves  few,  linear-lanceolate  :  flowers  pinkish,  with  darker  veins, 
\f-V  broad. — Very  abundant  in  moist  rocky  woods.  April-May. 

3.  PORTULACA  L. 

Prostrate  herbs  with  sessile  terminal  flowers :  petals  usually  5,  and 
stamens  7-many,  inserted  on  calyx.  Capsule  dehiscent  by  a  lid. 


86  CAEYOPHYLLACEAE 

Flowers  yellow. 

Plants  prostrate  :  stamens  6-10.  1.  P.  oleracea. 

Plants  ascending  :   stamens  12-18.  2.  P.  neglecta. 

Flowers  red.  3.  P.  pilosa. 

1.  P.  oleracea  L.     Stems  short  and  small,  prostrate,    pale  :    leaves 
small,  4//-10//  long,  thickish  and  fleshy,  obovate  or  cuneate,  rounded 
at    the  apex  :    flowers  small,  deep  yellow,    2//-3//  broad,   opening  in 
bright    sunshine    at  about    9:30  A.    M.  :    style    4-6-parted  :    stamens 
6-10 :   capsule  3"-5"  long  :    seeds  finely  rugose. — In  fields  and  waste 
places.     Not  very  common.     Naturalized  from   Europe.    Summer  and 
autumn. 

2.  P.  neglecta  Mackenzie  &  Bush,  sp.  nov.     Stems  long  and  thick, 
erect  or  ascending,  bright    red  dish -pur  pie  :  leaves  very  large,  6//-2o// 
long,  thin,  broadly  obovate  or  oblanceolate,  rounded  and  obtuse  or  retuse 
at  apex  :  flowers  larger,  3"-G"  broad,  pale  yellow,  the  petals  deeply 
2-cleft,  opening  in  direct  sunshine  at  about  7:45  A.  M.  :  style  3-4-parted  : 
stamens  12-18  :  capsule    4//-6//   long :     seeds  under    a   lens  distinctly 
tuberculate,  blackish,  about  .35/x  long. — Abundant  in.  rich  soil  in  bot- 
toms and  on  prairies.     Grows  in  large  patches,  single  plants  sometimes 
being  four  feet  across.     Summer  and  autumn. 

3.  P.  pilosa  L.     Pilose  pubescent  with  tufts  of  hair  in  axils  of  leaves: 
leaves  linear,  terete. — Occurs  locally  in  barrens.     Brush  Creek,  Dodson, 
Martin  City,  Eaytown,  Greenwood,  Tarsney.    Abundant  at  times.    July- 
September. 

FAMILY  44.     CARYOPHYLLACEAE  Reichenb. 
Herbs   with  opposite    or  apparently    verticillate   leaves  and  perfect, 
regular  flowers.     Sepals  4-5,  separate  or  united.     Petals  4-5,  or  none. 
Stamens  twice  as  many  as  petals  or  less.     Styles  2-5.     Ovary  usually 
1-celled  (rarely  3-5-celled).    Ovules  attached  to  a  central  column. 

Sepals  united  into  a  tube. 
Styles  two. 

Calyx  tubular.  4.  SAPONARIA. 

Calyx  sharply  5-angled.  5.   VACCABIA. 

Styles  three.  2.  SILENE. 

Styles  five. 

Sepals  much  exceeding  petals.  1.  AGROSTEMMA. 

Sepals  shorter  than  petals.  3.  LYCHNIS. 

Sepals  distinct  or  nearly  so. 
Stipules  wanting. 

Petals  deeply  2-c'eft  or  2-parted. 

Styles  three.  6.  ALSINE. 

Styles  five.  7.  CERASTIUM. 

Petals  entire  or  emarginate. 

Petals  notched  at  apex.  8.  ARENARIA. 

Petals  not  notched  at  apex.  9.  MOEHRI-NGIA. 

Stipules  present. 

Leaves  whorled.  10.  SPERGULA. 

Leaves  opposite.  11.  ANYCHIA. 


CABYOPHYLLACEAE  87 

1.     AGROSTEMMA  L. 

Calyx  lobes  long  and  foliaceous,  its  tube  10-ribbed.  Petals  emarginate. 
Stamens  10. 

1.  A.  Githago  L.  CORN  COCKLE.  Annual,  l°-3°  high,  densely  hairy: 
leaves  linear-lanceolate  :  petals  red. — Along  railroads  and  in  wheat  fields. 
Rather  rare.  July-September. 

2.     SILENE  L. 

Calyx  5-toothed,  10-many-nerved.  Stamens  10.  Petals  clawed.  Pod 
opening  by  3  or  6  apical  teeth. 

Leaves  in  fours.  1.  S.  stellata. 
Leaves  opposite. 

Petals  pink.  2.  S.  antirrhina. 

Petals  white.  3.  8.  noctiflora. 

1.  S.  stellata  (L.)  Ait.     STARRY  CAMPION.     1J°-3J°  high,  minutely 
pubescent  :  leaves  ovate-lanceolate  :  flowers  in  large  terminal  panicles  : 
petals  white,  fringed  :  flowers  9"  broad. — Rather  common  in  dry  woods 
throughout.     June-July. 

2.  S.  antirrhina  L.     SLEEPY  CATCH-FLY.     6/-30/  high,  glabrous,  but 
glutinous  between  the  joints  :  leaves  linear-lanceolate  :  flowers  small,  in 
a  terminal  panicle  :  petals  obcordate,  opening  in  sunshine. — Common  on 
open  rocky  hillsides.     April-June. 

Var.  divaricata  Robinson.  Very  slender  and  weak  :  leaves  linear  : 
branches  filiform  :  petals  none. — In  moist  rocky  woods  throughout  but 
less  common  than  the  species. 

3.  S.   noctiflora  L.     NIGHT-FLOWERING  CATCH-FLY.    2°-3°    high, 
viscid  hairy  :   leaves  oblanceolate  :    flowers   large  :    petals  two-cleft. — 
Waste  places  in  Kansas  City  and  Independence  and  near  Wayne  City. 

Rare. 

3.     LYCHNIS  L. 

Calyx  5-toothed,  10-nerved.  Stamens  10.  Pod  opening  by  about  10 
apical  teeth. 

1.  L.  alba  Mill.  WHITE  CAMPION.  l°-2°  high,  viscid-pubescent  : 
leaves  ovate-lanceolate  :  flowers  loosely  paniculate  :  petals  white,  2-cleft. 
— Waste  places  in  Kansas  City.  Rare.  June-October. 

4.     SAPONARIA  L. 

Calyx  5-toothed,  obscurely  nerved.  Stamens  10.  Petals  appendaged 
at  base  of  blade.  Capsule  opening  by  four  apical  teeth. 

1.  S.  officinalis  L.  BOUNCING  BET.  A  glabrous  perennial,  l°-2° 
high  :  leaves  ovate-lanceolate ':  flowers  pinkish,  in  dense  corymbed  leafy 
clusters. — Locally  common  along  streets  and  railroads. 

5.     VACCARIA  Medic. 

Calyx  sharply  5-angled  in  fruit :  petals  not  appendaged  at  base  of 
blade.  Otherwise  as  in  Saponaria. 


88  CAEYOPHYLLACEAE 

1.  V.  vulgaria  Host.  Cow  HERB.  A  smooth  annual,  l°-3°  high  with 
ovate- lanceolate  leaves  and  rather  small  reddish  flowers  in  loose  cymes. — 
Occurs  occasionally  in  waste  places,  especially  along  railroads  at  Sheffield. 
June. 

6.     ALSINE  L. 

Diffuse  annuals.  Stamens  10  or  less.  Styles  usually  three.  Pod  1- 
celled,  several-many-ovuled,  and  usually  6-valved. 

1.  A.  media  L.  CHICKWEED.  Stems  spreading,  hairy  :  leaves 
ovate,  the  lower  long-petioled  :  flowers  axillary  or  terminal,  slender- 
pedicelled  :  petals  shorter  than  sepals. — Locally  well  adventized  in 
gardens  in  Kansas  City  and  Independence.  May-October. 

7.     CERASTIUM  L.    CHICKWEED. 

Flowers  cymose.  Stamens  10  or  less.  Pod  1-celled,  many-ovuled,  10- 
valved. 

Petals  not  longer  than  sepals.  1.  C.  vulgaium. 
Petals  longer  than  sepals. 

Pedicels  3-7  times  as  long  as  calyx.  2.  C.  longipedunculatum. 

Pedicels  1-2  times  as  long  as  calyx.  3.  C.  Irachypodum. 

1.  C.  vulgatum  L.     Annual,  4/-12/  long,  spreading,  hairy  :  leaves  ob- 
long :  pedicels  longer  than  calyx. — Common  in  woods  and  fields.     April- 
June. 

2.  C.  longipedunculatum  Muhl.     Annual.  6/-30/  high,  erect  or  as- 
cending, more  or  less  clammy-pubescent :  leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  V-W 
long :  cyme  open,  many-flowered. — Abundant  in  moist  woods.     April- 
June. 

3.  C.   brachypodum  Engelm.     Like  the  last  but  usually   smaller : 
leaves  3//-12//  long:    cymes  more  compact. — Common   in  barrens  and 
rocky  prairies  throughout  the  southern  part.     April-June. 

8.     ARENARIA  L. 

Flowers  terminal,  cymose.  Stamens  10.  Styles  3.  Ovary  1-celled, 
many-ovuled,  opening  by  3  valves.  Seeds  without  an  appendage  at  the 
hilum. 

1.  A.  patula  Michx.  SAND  WORT.  Annual,  diffusely  branching: 
leaves  linear-filiform  :  petals  white:  sepals  3-5-nerved. — In  barrens  near 
Independence  and  at  Greenwood.  Locally  abundant.  May-June. 

9.     MOEHRINGIA  L. 

Cymes  few-flowered.  Stamens  10.  Styles  3.  Ovary  few-ovuled. 
Seeds  with  an  appendage  at  the  hilum. 

1.  M.  lateriflora  (L.)  Fenzl.  SANDWORT.  Erect,  puberulent,  1°  or 
less  high  :  leaves  oval  or  oblong,  obtuse  :  cymes  1-4-flowered,  soon  ap- 
pearing lateral. — In  wet  rocky  woods  between  Lee's  Summit  and  Little 
Blue  Tank,  fide  Rev.  Cameron  Mann.  May. 


CEKATOPHYLLACEAE  89 

10.     SPERGULA  L. 

Flowers  cymose.     Stamens  5-10.     Styles  5  and  capsule  5-valved. 
1.  S.  arvensis  L.    SPURRY.    6M8'  high  :  leaves  filiform,  l'-2'  long  : 
flowers  white. — Rarely  occurs  along  railroads  at  Sheffield.    July-August. 

11.     ANYCHIA  Michx.    FORKED  CHICKWEED. 
Much  branched  annuals  bearing  minute   flowers  in  the  forks  of  the 
leaves.     Sepals  5.     Petals  none.     Stamens  2-5.    Stigmas  2.     Fruit  a  1- 
seeded  utricle. 

Stems  puberulent.  1.  A.  dichofoma. 

Stems  glabrous.  2.  A .  Canadensis. 

1.  A.   dichotoma   Michx.     Puberulent  and   spreading,  S'-ICK  high, 
with   internodes  2//-4//  long  :    leaves   lanceolate-elliptic,   numerous. — 
In  dry  woods  throughout  the  southern  part. — Common  locally.     June- 
August. 

2.  A.  Canadensis  (L.)  B.S.P.     Nearly  glabrous,  erect,  6/-12/  high: 
internodes  often  12//  long  :  leaves  oval-elliptic. — Common  in  dry  woods. 
June-August. 

FAMILY  45.    NYMPHAEACEAE  DC. 

Aquatic  herbs  with  long  horizontal  rootstocks  and  solitary  axillary 
flowers.  Sepals  3-5.  Petals  5-many.  Stamens  5-many.  Pistils  3-many, 
distinct  or  united.  Ovules  1-many. 

1.     NELUMBO  Adans. 

Sepals  4-5.  Petals  and  stamens  very  numerous.  Pistils  many,  each 
1  ovuled  and  inserted  separately  in  pits  in  the  large  fleshy  obcouical  re- 
ceptacle. 

1.  N.  lutea  (Willd. )  Pers.  CHINQUAPIN  WATER  LILY.  Leavescen- 
trally  peltate,  raised  high  out  of  the  water  or  floating,  orbicular,  strongly 
ribbed,  l°-2°  broad  :  flowers  yellow,  4/-12/  broad. — Very  abundant  in 
ponds  at  Lake  City  ;  also  in  Fish  Lake  near  Sibley.  July-September. 

FAMILY  46.     CERATOPHYLLACEAE  A.  Gray. 
Aquatic  herbs  with  verticil  late  leaves,  and  sessile  axillary  monoecious 
flowers.     Calyx  8-12-cleft.     Sterile  flowers  with  8-20  stamens  with  large 
sessile  anthers.     Ovary  superior,  1-celled,   with    one   pendulous  ovule. 
Fruit  indehiscent,  beaked  with  the  long  persistent  style. 

1.     CERATOPHYLLUM  L. 

Characters  of  the  family. 

1.  C.  demersum  L.  HORN  WORT.  Leaves  filiform,  vertici  Hate,  forked  : 
fruit  smooth  or  tubercled,  2//-3//  long. — Common  in  ponds  at  Sibley  and 
Sheffield.  June-July. 


90  .  EANUNCULACEAE 

FAMILY  47.    ANONACEAE  DC. 

Woody  plants  with  alternate  entire,  non- stipulate  leaves.  Sepals  3. 
Petals  6,  in  two  rows,  valvate  in  bud.  Stamens  numerous.  Carpels 
numerous,  fleshy  in  fruit. 

1.     ASIMINA  Adans. 

Small  trees  with  nodding  flowers  from  axils  of  leaves  of  preceding 
years.  Pistils  few,  bearing  numerous  ovules  in  two  rows,  ripening  into 
fleshy  oblong  berries.  Seeds  flat. 

1.  A.  triloba  (L.)  Dunal.  PAPAW.  10°-30°  high.  Leaves  obovate- 
cuneate  :  petals  chocolate-colored  :  fruit  3/-6/  long. — Abundant  in  rich 
woods,  especially  in  the  northern  part.  May. 

FAMILY  48.    RANUNCULACEAE  Juss. 

Herbs  or  shrubs.  Sepals  3-15,  or  more.  Stamens  numerous.  Pistils 
1-rnany,  1-celled,  1-many-ovuled.  Sepals,  petals,  stamens  and  pistils  all 
distinct  and  unconnected.  Fruit  either  dry  or  berry-like. 

Woody  plants  :  leaves  opposite.  7.  CLEMATIS. 

Herbs  :  leaves  alternate. 
Carpels  several-ovuled. 

Flowers  regular  :  petals  not  spurred. 

Sepals  three,  early  deciduous.  1.  HYDRASTIS. 

Sepals  five,  persistent.  2.  ISOPYBUM. 

Flowers  regular  :  petajs  spurred.  3.  AQTTILEGIA. 

Flowers  irregular.  4.  DELPHINIUM. 

Carpels  1-ovuled. 
Petals  absent. 

Flowers  not  in  terminal  panicles. 

Achenes  woolly  or  hairy.  5.  ANEMONE. 

Achenes  smooth.  6.  SYNDESMON. 

Flowers  in  terminal  panicles.  12.  THALICTRUM. 

Petals  present. 

Flowers  white.  10.  BATRACHIUM. 

Flowers  yellow. 

Sepals  spurred  at  base.  8.  MYOSURUS. 

Sepals  not  spurred  at  base. 

Achenes  striate.  11.  OXYGRAPHIS. 

Achenes  not  striate.  9.  RANUNCULUS. 

1.  HYDRASTIS  L. 

Erect  perennials  from  a  stout  yellow  rootstock.  Sepals  three,  falling 
off  when  the  flower  opens.  Stamens  and  carpels  numerous.  Carpels  2- 
ovuled,  in  fruit  forming  a  head  of  crimson  berries. 

1.  H.  Canadensis  L.  GOLDEN  SEAL.  About  1°  high,  hairy  :  leaves 
reniform,  5-9-lobed,  doubly-serrate  :  cauline  leaves  two  :  flowers  solitary, 
greenish-white. — Abundant  locally  in  rich  woods  west  of  Sibley  and 
southeast  of  Grain  Valley.  April. 

2.  ISOPYRUM  L. 

Sepals  5,  white  and  petal-like.  Stamens  numerous.  Follicles  2-6, 
several-seeded. 


RANUNCULACEAE  91 

1.  I.  biternatum  (Raf.)  T.  &  G.  FALSE  RUE-ANEMONE.  An  erect 
perennial  from  tuberous  thickened  roots:  leaves  2-3,  ternately  compound, 
the  leaflets  2-3-lobed. — Abundant  in  moist  woods.  April- May. 

3.     AQUILEGIA  L. 

Leaves  ternately  decompound.  Sepals  5,  regular.  Petals  5,  produced 
backward  into  hollow  spurs.  Stamens  numerous.  Pistils  5. 

1.  A.  Canadensis  L.  COLUMBINE.  WILD  HONEYSUCKLE.  l°-2$° 
high.  Flowers  nodding,  1/-2'  long,  scarlet  without,  yellow  within. — 
Abundant  on  rocky  hillsides.  May. 

4.     DELPHINIUM  L.     LABKSPUK. 

Leaves  palniately  lobed.  Flowers  in  terminal  racemes.  Sepals  5, 
petal-like,  the  posterior  one  prolonged  into  a  spur.  Petals  2  or  4,  the 
two  posterior  ones  spurred,  the  lower  with  short  claws,  if  present. 

Annual :  pistil  solitary.  1.  D.  Ajacis. 
Perennial  :  pistils  three. 

Flowers  nearly  white.  2.  D.  camporum. 

Flowers  bright  blue.  3.  D.  tricorne. 

1.  D.  Ajacis  L.     Leaves  dissected  into  narrow  lobes  :  flowers  panicu- 
lately- racemose  :  pods  pubescent. — In  waste  places  around  Independence. 
Sometimes  abundantly  escaped.     June-July. 

2.  D.  camponim  Greene.     l°-4°  high  :  racemes  strict,  erect :  follicles 
erect. — Rather  common  in  barrens  and  rocky  prairies.     May-June. 

3.  D.  tricorne  Michx.     Roots  tuberous,  l°-3°  high  :  racemes-  rather 
few- flowered:    follicles    widely  spreading. — Moist    prairies.     Atherton, 
Little  Blue  Tank  to  Greenwood,  Dodson.     Locally  common.     May. 

5.     ANEMONE  L. 

Perennial  herbs  with  dissected  leaves,  those  of  the  stem  opposite  or 
verticillate.  Sepals  4-20,  petal-like.  Achenes  compressed,  1-ovuled, 
hairy  (in  ours). 

Stems  3/-10/  high  from  tubers.  1.  A.  Caroliniana. 
Stems  1°  or  more  high  from  rootstocks. 
Stem  leaves  petioled. 

Head  of  fruit  cyliudric,  1'  long.  2.  A.  cylindrica. 

Head  of  fruit  oblong,  9//-12//  long.  3.  A.  Virgimana. 

.    Stem  leaves  sessile.  4.  A.  Canadensis. 

1.  A.  Caroliniana  Walt.     Root  leaves  3-divided,  the  lobes  cleft :  stern 
leaves  3-cleft :  sepals  10-20,  narrow,  light  purple. — Rocky   woods  and 
prairies.     Greenwood  and  north  of  Lee's  Summit.     Very  local.     April. 

2.  A.  cylindrica  A.  Gray.     Silky-pubescent :  leaves  3-5-parted,  their 
divisions  cuneate-oblanceolate  and  cleft  and  toothed  at  the  apex  :  sepals 
5,  greenish- white,  obtuse.— In  dry  woods  south  of  Ray  town  along  Jones' 
Creek.     June-July. 


92  KANUNCULACEAE 

3.  A.  Virginians  L.     Closely  resembles  the  last,   but  leaf  divisions 
ovate-lanceolate  and  sepals  more  acute. — Frequent  throughout  in  rocky 
woods.     June-July. 

4.  A.    Canadensis   L.     l°-2°   high  :    basal   leaves  5-7-parted,   their 
broad  divisions  cleft  and  toothed,  long-petioled:  the  cauline  leaves  similar 
and  sessile:    sepals  pure  white  :  head  of  fruit  oblong. — Abundant  in  low 
woods  along  the  Missouri  River.     May. 

6.     SYNDESMON  Hoffmg. 

From  a  cluster  of  tuberous  thickened  roots.  Basal  leaves  2-3,  ternately 
compound.  Flowers  several,  umbsllate.  Sepals  5-10,  petal-like. 
Achenes  terete,  strongly  ribbed. 

1.  S.  thalictroides  (L. )  Hoffmg.  RUE- ANEMONE.  4MK  high, 
glabrous :  petals  pinkish. — Abundant  in  dry  woods  south  of  Dodson. 
April-May. 

7.     CLEMATIS  L. 

Our  species  climbing  vines  with  pinnately  compound  leaves.  Sepals 
4-5,  valvate,  petal-like.  Stamens  and  pistils  many.  Styles  persistent  as 
plumose  or  naked  tails  to  the  fruit. 

Flowers  white.  1.   C.  Virginlana. 

Flowers  purplish.  2.  C.  Simsii. 

1.  C.  Virginiana  L.     VIRGIN'S  BOWEK.     Leaves  3-foliolate,  the  leaf- 
lets ovate,  cut-toothed,  thin  :  flowers  small,  dioecious,  in  leafy  panicles  : 
styles  plumose. — Along  streams  near  Courtney,  Dodson  and  Red  Bridge. 
Local.,    July. 

2.  C.  Simsii  Sweet.     Leaflets  3-9,  ovate-cordate,  thick  and  strongly 
reticulated  :  sepals  V  long,  the  tips  recurved  :  styles  plumose  below. — 
In  rocky  woods  throughout,  but  rather  local.     June. 

8.     MYOSURUS  L. 

Small  annuals  with  linear  basal  leaves.  Sepals  5,  spurred  at  base. 
Petals  5,  clawed,  small.  Stamens  5-20.  Pistils  numerous  on  a  long 
slender  spike- like  receptacle. 

1.  M.  minimus  L.  MOUSE-TAIL.  Fruiting  spike  1'  or  more  long. — 
In  wet,  sandy  woods  near  Courtney  and  Dodson  and  on  wet  prairies  near 
Adams,  Lee's  Summit  and  Greenwood.  Common  locally.  April-June. 

9.  RANUNCULUS  L.     CROWFOOT.     BUTTERCUP. 

Sepals  5.  Petals  5,  each  with  a  nectariferous  scale  at  base.     Stamens 

and  carpels  numerous.     Achenes  flattened,   not  ribbed,  tipped  by  the 
style. 

Aquatic  herb.  1.  R-  delphinifoUus. 

Not  aquatic. 

Petals  not  longer  than  the  calyx. 
Plants  nearly  glabrous. 

Early  basal  leaves  entire.  2.  R.  abortivus. 


KANUNCULACEAE  93 

Leaves  all  3-parted.  4.  R.  sceleratus. 
Plants  pubescent. 

Beak  of  acheue  strongly  recurved.  5.  R.  recurvalus. 

Beak  of  achene  minute.  3.  R.  micranthm. 
Petals  twice  the  length  of  the  calyx. 

Plants  erect.  6.  R.  acris. 
Plants  spreading. 

Stems  pubescent  or  glabrous.  7.  R.  septentrionalis. 

Stems  densely  villous.  8.  R.  hispidus. 

1.  R.  delphinifolius  Torr.    YELLOW  WATER-CROWFOOT.     Stems  float- 
ing or  creeping  in  the  mud  :  leaves  dissected  into  capillary  segments  or 
palmately  3  divided,  the  segments  incised  and  lobed :  flowers  8//-12// 
broad  :  achenes  callous-margined. — In  Fish  Lake  and  near  Little  Blue 
Tank.     May-June. 

2.  R.  abortivus  L.     (>/-20/  high,  glabrous  :  early  basal  leaves  cordate, 
crenate  :  the  cauline  leaves  nearly  sessile,  parted  and  lobed  :  flowers  2//-3// 
broad  :  fruiting  head  globose  :  achenes  minutely  pointed. — Common  in 
moist  grounds.     April-May. 

3.  R.  micranthus   Nutt.     6'-18x  high,    pubescent  :    roots  tuberous- 
thickened  :  basal  leaves  3-parted  or  divided.     Otherwise  like  the  last. — 
Frequent  in  woods  throughout.     April-May. 

4.  R.  sceleratus  L.     6'-24'  high,  stout :  basal  leaves  3-5-lobed,  the 
lobes  often  toothed  :  flowers  3x/-4/x  broad  :  fruiting  head  oblong-cylin- 
dric,  4//-6//  long  :  achenes  minutely  pointed. — On  muddy  sand-bars  along 
the  Missouri  River.     Sometimes  frequent.     May-November.    • 

5.  R.  recurvatus  Poir.     l°-2°  high,  hirsute  :  leaves  all  3-divided,  the 
lobes  cut  and  toothed  :  flowers  4//-5//  broad  :   fruiting  head  globose  : 
achenes  with  a  long  recurved  beak. — Frequent  in  moist  woods  through- 
out.    May-July. 

6.  R.   acris   L.     2°-3°   high,    erect,    hairy :   leaves    3-divided.    their 
sessile  divisions  again  cleft  and  parted  :  flowers  I/  broad  :  achenes  short- 
beaked. — Rarely  adventized  along  the  railroad  at  Sheffield  and  Courtney. 
May- June. 

7.  R.   septentrionalis   Poir.     Stems  ascending    or  procumbent   and 
widely   spreading,  sparingly   pubescent   or  glabrate  :   leaves   3-divided, 
their  divisions  stalked,  and  again  3-parted,  the  lobes  incised  :  flowers  V 
broad  :  achenes  long-tipped. — Common  in  low  woods,  especially  in  the 
northern  part.     April-May. 

8.  R.  hispidus  Michx.     Like  the   last  but  more  erect  and  densely 
villous  :  achenes  more  slender-tipped. — On  low  prairies  near  Buckner. 
Rare.     May-June. 

10.     BATRACHIUM  S.  F.  Gray. 

Aquatics  with  dissected  leaves  and  white  flowers.  Like  Ranunculus 
but  achenes  transversely  wrinkled. 

1.  B.  divaricatum  (Schrank.)  Wimm.  WHITE  WATER-CROWFOOT. 
Leaves  V  long,  much  divided,  rigid  when  drawn  out  of  water  :  flowers 


94  BERBERIDACEAE 

6//_g//  t)road. — In  ponds  northeast  of  Lee's  Summit  and  at  Little  Blue 
Tank.     June- July. 

11.     OXYGRAPHIS  Bunge. 

Like  Ranunculus  but  achenes  longitudinally  striate. 

1.  O.  Cymbalaria  (Pursh)  Prantl.  Glabrous,  spreading  by  runners: 
leaves  cordate,  crenate,  long-petioled  :  flowers  1-9,  scapose,  3//-4//  broad. 
— On  sand-bars  along  the  Missouri  Eiver  at  Courtney.  Also  in  Clay 
county,  Mo.,  near  Harlem.  Usually  rare.  June- August. 

12.     THALICTRUM  L.     MEADOW  RUE. 

Erect  perennials  with  ternately  decompound  leaves.  Flowers  greenish- 
white,  dioecious  or  polygamous.  Sepals  4-5.  Petals  none.  Stamens 
many.  Carpels  4-15,  longitudinally  striate. 

Flowers  dioecious,  in  April-May.  1.  T.  dioieum. 

Flowers  polygamous,  in  June-July.  2.   T.  purpurascens. 

1.  T.  dioieum  L.     l°-2°  high  :  leaflets  thin,  orbicular,  5-9-lobed.— 
Very  abundant  on  the  rocky  bluff  of  the  Missouri  River  northwest  of 
Fairmount  Park. 

2.  T.  purpurascens  L.     3°-6°  high  :  leaflets  thick,  oblong,  about  3- 
lobed. — Common  in  meadows  and  woodlands  throughout. 

FAMILY  49.    BERBERIDACEAE  T.  &  G. 

Herbs  with  alternate  or  basal  leaves.  Sepals  and  petals  present,  6-9 
each,  imbricated.  Stamens  hypogynous,  opposite  the  petals  or  more 
numerous.  Pistil  one,  superior,  few-many-ovuled. 

Flowers  in  terminal  panicles.  1.  CAULOPHYLLUM. 

Flowers  solitary.  2.  PODOPHYLLUM. 

1.     CAULOPHYLLUM  Michx. 

Leaves  decompound.  Sepals  6,  with  3-4  bractlets  at  base.  Petals  6, 
small.  Stamens  6.  Anthers  dehiscent  by  valves.  Ovules  2.  Fruit 
berry-like. 

1.  C.  thalictroides  Michx.  BLUE  COHOSH.  l°-3°  high,  glaucous: 
leaflets  2-3-lobed  :  flowers  greenish-purple. — Frequent  in  rich  woods  near 
Sibley.  April.  , 

2.     PODOPHYLLUM  L. 

Sepals  6,  very  fugacious.  Petals  6-9,  white.  Stamens  12-18,  their  an- 
thers longitudinally  dehiscent.  Ovary  many-ovuled.  Fruit  a  large 
berry. 

1.  P.  peltatum  L.  MAY  APPLE.  l°-2°  high  :  sterile  stems  bearing 
a  solitary  centrally  peltate,  orbicular,  7-9-lobed  leaf :  the  fertile  bearing 
two  similar,  but  one-sided  leaves,  with  the  nodding  flower  (2/  broad)  in 
the  fork. — Very  abundant  in  woods.  April-May. 


PAPAVEKACEAE  95 

FAMILY  50.    MENISPERMACEAE  DC. 

Climbing  herbs  with  alternate  non- stipulate  leaves  and  dioecious,  pan- 
icled  flowers.  Sepals  4-12.  Petals  6  or  none.  Stamens  6-24.  Carpels 
3-many,  1-ovuled.  Fruit  a  drupe. 

1.     MENISPERMUM  L. 

Sepals  4-8  in  two  series.  Petals  6-8.  Stamens  12-24.  Pistils  2-4. 
Drupe  globular. 

1.  M.  Canadense  L.  MOONSEED.  Leaves  peltate  near  the  base,  cor- 
date, 3-7-lobed  or  entire  above  :  flowers  greenish- white. — Common  in 
thickets.  May-June. 

FAMILY  51.    PAPAVERACEAE  B.  Juss. 

Herbs  with  alternate  non-stipulate  leaves.  Flowers  regular  or  irregu- 
lar. Sepals  2,  fugacious.  Petals  4-12.  Stamens  few-many,  hypogynous. 
Ovary  1,  1-celled,  few-many-ovuled. 

Flowers  regular. 

Leaves  spiny  toothed.  1.  ARGEMONE. 

Leaves  not  spiny  toothed.  2.  SANGUINARIA. 
Flowers  irregular. 

Flowers  white.  3.  BIKUKULLA. 

Flowers  yellow.  4.  CAPNOIDES. 

1.    ARGEMONE  L.     PRICKLY  POPPY. 

Petals  4-6.  Stamens  numerous.  Stigmas  3-6,  radiate.  Capsule  prickly, 
dehiscent  by  3-6  valves  at  the  apex. 

Flowers  yellow.  1.  A.  Mexicana. 

Flowers  white.  2.  A.  intermedia. 

1.  A.  Mexicana  L.     l°-2°  high,  with  sessile,  oblong,  pinnatifid  and 
prickly,  white-spotted  leaves :  flowers  sessile,  yellow. — Waste  places  in 
Independence.     Eare.    July- August. 

2.  A.  intermedia  Sweet.      Like  the  last  but   leaves  not  blotched : 
flowers  peduncled,  white,  I'-S'  broad. — Streets  of  Kansas  City  and  In- 
dependence.    Eare.     July-August. 

2.     SANGUINARIA  L. 

Eootstock  red,  bearing  petioled,  reniform,  lobed  leaves  and  one-flowered 
scapes.  Petals  8-12.  Stamens  numerous.  Capsule  oblong,  1-celled,  2- 
valved. 

1.  S.  Canadensis  L.  BLOODROOT.  4/-8/  high,  glabrous  and  glaucous. 
— Frequent  in  rocky  bluff  woods  along  the  Missouri  Eiver.  April. 

3.     BIKUKULLA  Adans. 

Low  herbs  with  ternately  decompound  and  dissected  leaves  and  irregular 
racemose  flowers.  Sepals  two,  minute.  Petals  four,  in  two  pairs,  the 


96  CRUCIFERAE 

outer  spurred  at  base  and  spreading  above,   the  inner  narrower  and 
clawed.     Stamens  six  in  two  sets.     Pods  10-20-seeded. 

Plants  from  scaly  bulbs.  1.  B.  Cucullaria. 

Plants  from  corm-like  tubers.  2.  B.  Canadensis. 

1.  B.  Cucullaria  (L. )  Millsp.    DUTCHMAN'S  BREECHES.    5/-10/high: 
racemes  4-10-flowered :  spurs  of  petals  divergent,  sharp-pointed  :  inner 
petals  minutely  crested. — Common  in  rocky  woods  throughout.     April. 

2.  B.  Canadensis  (Goldie)  Millsp.    INDIAN  CORN.    Like  the  last  but 
spurs  of  petals  short  and  rounded  at  base,  and  the  inner  petals  conspicu- 
ously crested. — In  rich  woods  along  the  bluffs  at  Courtney.     Not  com- 
mon.    April. 

4.     CAPNOIDES  Adans. 

Herbs  with  decompound  leaves  and  yellow  flowers  in  racemes.  Sepals 
two,  small.  Petals  four,  the  upper  outer  one  spurred  at  base,  the  interior 
ones  keeled.  Stamens  six  in  two  sets.  Pods  many-seeded. 

Pods  pendulous.  1.   C.  flavulwn. 
Pods  erect. 

Pods  5"-7"  long.  2.   C.  montanum. 

Pods  3"-6"  long.  3.   C.  micranthum. 

1.  C.  flavulum  (Raf. )  Kuntze.     G'-H'  high  :  flowers  3//-4//  long,  the 
spur  l//-2//  long,  the  outer  petals  wing- crested  :  pods  torulose. — Rather 
common  in  rich  woods  along  streams.     April-May. 

2.  C.  montanum  (Engelm. )  Britton.     Like  the  last  but  flowers  fi// 
long  :  outer  petals  keeled  but  not  crested  :  pods  usually  8-seeded  or  more 
seeded,  hardly  torulose  :  racemes  many- flowered,  often  4X  long. — Common 
in  rocky  barrens  and  prairies  throughout  the  southwestern  part.     April- 
May. 

3.  C.  micranthum  (Engelm.)  Britton.     Resembles  the  two  preceding  : 
outer  petals  barely  wing-crested  :   flowers  3^-4^  long  :  pods  about  5- 
seeded  :  racemes  few-flowered,  usually  V  or  less  long. — In  sandy  woods 
near  Courtney  and  in  barrens  near  Dodson,  Pixley's  and  Lee's  Summit. 
April-May. 

FAMILY  52.     CRUCIFERAE  B.  Juss. 

Herbs  with  alternate  leaves  and  racemose  flowers.  Sepals  4.  Petals  4, 
cruciform.  Stamens  6,  tetradynamous.  Pistil  1,  consisting  of  two  car- 
pels. Stigmas  usually  2-lobed.  Fruit  generally  2-celled  and  opening  by 
valves.  Cotyledons  accumbent,  incumb-nt  or  conduplicate.  (Ripe  fruit 
is  necessary  for  positive  determination  of  specimens. ) 

Pods  two-seeded.  1.  LEPIDIUM. 

Pods  more  than  two-seeded. 

Pods  triangular,  emarginate  at  apex.  11.  BURSA. 

Pods  pear-shaped.  12.  CAMELINA. 

Pods  long-orbicular.  2.  THLASPI. 

Pods  short  oblong  to  long-linear. 

Floweis  purplish.  7.  IODANTHUS. 

Flowers  pure  white. 


CKUCIFEKAE  97 

Stellate  pubescent.  13.  DRABA. 

Not  stellate  pubescent. 

Stem  leaves  nearly  verticillate.  10.  DENTARIA. 

Stem  leaves  alternate. 

Pods  oblong  or  orbicular.  8.  RORIPA. 

Pods  long-linear.  9.  CARDAMINE. 

Flowers  yellow  or  greenish-white. 
Pods  long-beaked. 

Pods  densely  hispid.  4.  SINAPIS. 

Pods  not  densely  hispid.  5.  BRASSICA. 

Pods  not  long-beaked. 
Seeds  flat. 

Pods  4-angled.  6.  BARBAREA. 

Pods  not  4-angled.  15.  ARABIS. 

Seeds  round  or  oblong. 

Leaves  entire,  cordate- clasping.  17.  CONRINGIA. 

Leaves  lanceolate  or  linear  ;  not  pin- 

natifid.  16.  ERYSIMUM. 

Leaves  pinnatifid. 

Pubescence  of  forked  hairs.  14.  SOPHIA. 

Pubescence,  if  present,  simple. 

Seeds  in  one  row  in  each  cell.  3.  SISYMBRIUM. 

Seeds  in  two  rows  in  each  cell.  8.  RORIPA. 

1.    LEPIDIUM  L.    PEPPER  GRASS. 

Pods  roundish  to  oblong,  flattened.  Petals  often  wanting.  Cotyledons 
incumbent  or  accumbent. 

Petals  present,  white.  1.  L.  Virginicum. 

Petals  wanting.  2.  L.  apetalum. 

1.  L.  Virginicum  L.     6/-24/  high,  branching  :  basal  leaves  pinnatifid, 
with   large  terminal  lobe  :    pods  minutely  winged  above  :    cotyledons 
accumbent. — Common  in  waste  places.     May -July. 

2.  L.  apetalum  Willd.     Closely  resembles  the  last,   but  basal  leaves 
are  equally  pinnatifid  :  cotyledons  incumbent. — Very  abundant  in  waste 
places.     June-August. 

2.     THLASPI  L. 

Flowers  white.  Pods  oblong- orbicular,  flat  and  winged.  Cotyledons 
accumbent. 

1.  T.  arvense  L.  PENNY  CKESS.  Annual,  6'-20  high  :  stem  leaves 
oblong-lanceolate,  sagittate-clasping,  dentate  :  pods  4//-6//  broad,  deeply 
notched  at  the  summit. — Adventized  along  Spring  Branch  east  of  Inde- 
pendence. May-June. 

3.     SISYMBRIUM  L. 

Pods  elongated,  linear,  many-seeded.  Valves  about  3-nerved.  Seeds 
marginless.  Cotyledons  incumbent. 

Pods  strictly  erect,  appressed.  1.  &  officinalt. 

Pods  widely  spreading.  2.  S.  altissimum. 

1.  S.  officinale  (L.)  Scop.  HEDGE  MUSTARD.  l°-3°  high:  leaves 
runcinate- pinnatifid  :  flowers  yellow  :  pods  5//-7//  long. — Abundant  in 
waste  places.  May-October. 

7 


98  CRUCIFERAE 

2.  S.  altissimum  L.  TALL  MUSTARD.  2°-4°  high  :  leaves  deeply 
pinnatifid  :  flowers  yellowish-cream  color  :  pods  2/-4/  long,  narrowly 
linear. — Sparingly  adventized  along  railroads  at  Sheffield.  May-August. 

4.     SINAPIS  L. 

Flowers  yellowish,  racemose.  Pods  terete,  beaked,  constricted  between 
the  seeds.  Seeds  roundish,  not  winged.  Cotyledons  conduplicate. 

1.  S.  alba  L.  WHITE  MUSTARD.  l°-3°  high  :  leaves  pinnate,  with 
a  large  terminal  leaflet :  pods  ascending  :  beak  as  long  or  longer  than  the 
pod. — Cultivated  grounds  and  along  railroads  at  Kansas  City  and  Inde- 
pendence. Rare.  May-June. 

5.     BRASSICA  L. 

Flowers  yellow.  Pods  terete  or  four-sided,  beaked,  the  beak  usually 
1-seeded.  Seeds  oblong,  marginless.  Cotyledons  conduplicate. 

Leaves  not  clasping. 

Beak  of  fruit  l"-2"  long.  1.  B.  nigra. 

Beak  of  fruit  5"-6"  long.  2.  B.  arvensis. 
Upper  leaves  clasping. 

Leaves  somewhat  pubescent.  3.  B.  campestris. 

Leaves  glabrous.  4.  B.  Napus. 

1.  B.  nigra  (L.)  Koch.    BLACK  MUSTARD.    2°-6°  high  :  leaves  deeply 
pinnatifid,  dentate  :  pods  narrowly  linear,  67/  long,  smooth,  on  pedicels 
2//-4//   long,  appressed  in  fruit. — Abundant  in  waste  places.     June- 
September. 

2.  B.  arvensis  (L.)  B.S.P.     CHARLOCK.     2°-3°  high,  hispid  :  leaves 
pinnatifid  :  pods  linear,  knotty,  Q//-8//  long,  smooth,  on  short  ascend- 
ing pedicels.  -Frequent  along  railroads,  especially  at  Sheffield.     May- 
September. 

3.  B.  campestris  L.     TURNIP.     l°-3°  high,  glabrous:  lower  leaves 
pubescent,  pinnatifid :  upper  leaves  glabrous,  auriculate,  clasping  and 
entire  :  pods  1/-2'  long,  on  long  spreading  pedicels,  long-beaked. — Infre- 
quent in  waste  places  and  along  railroads.     May-September. 

4.  B.  Napus  L.     RAPE.     Like  the  last,  but  leaves  entirely  glabrous. — 
Infrequent  along  railroads.     April-September. 

6.     BARBAREA  R.  Br. 

Flowers  yellow.  Pod  long-linear,  four-sided.  Seeds  in  one  row  in 
each  cell.  Cotyledons  accumbent. 

1.  B.  stricta  Andrz.  WINTER  CRESS.  l°-2°  high:  leaves  lyrate- 
pinnatifid  :  pods  about  I/  long,  appressed  on  erect  pedicels. — Along  rail- 
roads near  the  foot  of  Burge  Park  Bluffs,  Kansas  City.  Rare.  May. 

7.     IODANTHUS  T.  &  G. 

Petals  long-clawed,  purplish.  Pods  long-linear,  cylindric.  Seeds  in 
one  row  in  each  cell.  Cotyledons  accumbent. 


CKUCIFERAE  99 

1.  I.  pinnatifidus  (Michx.)  Steud.  PURPLE  KOCKET.  l°-3°  high, 
glabrous:  leaves  oblong  in  outline,  dentate:  pods  12"-18"  long. — In 
rich  woods  throughout,  but  not  common.  May-July. 

8.     RORIPA  Scop. 

Flowers  white  or  yellow.  Pods  from  subglobose  to  oblong-linear. 
Seeds  numerous,  marginless.  Cotyledons  acoumbent.  The  first  four 
species  are  known  as  YELLOW  WATER  CRESS. 

Flowers  yellow. 

Perennial.  1.  E.  sinuata. 

Annuals. 

Seeds  pitted.  2.  R.  sessiliflora. 

Seeds  minutely  tuberculate. 

Pedicels  1"  long.  3.  B.  obtusa. 

Pedicels  2//-4//  long.  4.  R.  palustris. 

Flowers  white. 

Creeping  and  spreading.  5.  R.  Nasturtium. 

Erect.  6    B.  Armoracia. 

1.  R.  sinuata  (Nutt.)  A.  S.  Hitchcock.     Branches  spreading  and  as- 
cending, glabrous  :  leaves  oblong,  pinnately  cleft :  flowers  3//-4//  broad  : 
pods  4//-6//  long. — Quite  common   in    sandy  soil  along  the   Missouri 
River.     April-June. 

2.  R.    sessiliflora    (Nutt.)    A.   S.    Hitchcock.      Erect,    6/-12/  high: 
leaves  oblong,  crenate  and  lobed  :  flowers  1"  broad,  nearly  sessile  :  pods 
oblong,  thick  — Common  with  the  next.     April-November. 

3.  R.  obtusa  (Nutt.)  Britton.     Much  branched  and  spreading:  leaves 
pinnatifid  :  flowers  V  broad  :   pods  oblong,  l//-5//  long. — Common  on 
sand-bars  along  the  Missouri  River.     April-November. 

4.  R.   palustris    (L.)    Bessey.     6'-2°   high,    erect,   glabrous:    leaves 
oblong,  pinnatifid  :  flowers  l//-2//  broad  :  pods  about  equalling  the  pedi- 
cels.— Common  in  wet  places  throughout.     April-November. 

5.  R.  Nasturtium  (L.)    Rusby.     WATER  CRESS.     Glabrous  :  leaves 
divided  into  3-9  oblong  to  orbicular  segments  :  pedicels  about  W//  long, 
widely  spreading  and  as  long  as  the  pods. — In  springs  around  Kansas 
City.     Common  locally-     May-August. 

6.  R.  Armoracia  (L.)  A.  8.  Hitchcock.    HORSE  RADISH.    2°-4°  high, 
from   large  rootstocks  :   leaves  oblong,   crenate  to  pinnatifid  :  pedicels 
ascending:  flowers  large. — Occasionally  escaped  along  roads.    May-July. 

9.     CARDAMINE  L.     BITTER  CRESS. 

Pods  long,  linear,  with  nerveless  valves  and  seeds  in  a  single  row  in 
each  cell.  Cotyledons  accumbent. 

Plants  not  from  a  tuberous  base. 

Terminal  leaf  segment  obovate  to  orbicular. 

Stems  8/  or  more  high,  stout.  1.  C.  Pennsylvanica. 

Stems  2/-5/  high,  delicate.  2.  C.  parviflora. 

Terminal  leaf  segment  linear  to  linear-oblong.  3.  C.  arenicola. 

Plants  from  a  tuberous  base.  4.  C.  bulbosa. 


100  CRUCIFERAE 

1.  C.  Pennsylvanica  Muhl.     8'-2°  high,  leafy :  leaves  pinnatifid,  of 
3-8  pairs  of  toothed  oblong  leaflets  :  flowers  27/  broad. — In  bogs  along 
the  bluffs  west  of  Sibley.     Uncommon.     April-May. 

2.  C.  parviflora  L.     2/-5/  high,  very  delicate  and  weak  :  leaves  of  1-5 
leaflets,  the  terminal  orbicular,  the  lateral  oblong  to  linear  :  flowers  1" 
broad. — On  mossy  rocks  in  ravines  west  of  Lee's  Summit.    Rare.    April- 
May. 

3.  C.  arenicola  Britton.      4/-12/  high,   much  branched  and   leafy  : 
leaves  of  3-5  pairs  of  entire  or  sparingly  toothed  linear  leaflets  :  flowers 
1//-2//  broad. — Wet  sandy  prairies  near  Dodson  and  Grain  Valley.     Fre- 
quent.    April-May. 

4.  C.  bulbosa  (Schreb.)  B.S.P.     1°  high  :  basal  leaves  orbicular,  the 
cauline  oblong  to  lanceolate,  toothed  or  entire :  flowers  5//-7//  broad. — 
In  bogs  near  Courtney  and  Little  Blue  Tank.     Rare  and  local.     May- 
June. 

10.  DENTARIA  L. 

Plants  from  deep-seated  scaly  or  toothed  rootstocks,  bearing  about  three 
3-divided  and  subverticillate  leaves  below  the  floral  raceme.  Pods  linear, 
flat,  with  seeds  in  one  row  in  each  cell.  Cotyledons  accumbent. 

1.  D.  laciniata  Muhl.  PEPPER  ROOT.  1°  high  :  leaflets  lanceolate, 
the  lateral  usually  two-cleft,  and  all  cut-toothed  :  flowers  white  to  pink- 
ish, 77/  broad. — Rather  common  in  moist  woods  throughout.  April-May. 

11.  BURS  A  Weber. 

Flowers  white.     Pods  compressed  contrary  to  the  partition. 

1.  B.  Bursa-pastoris  (L.)  Britton.  SHEPHERD'S  PURSE.  6x-2°  high, 
slightly  pubescent :  root-leaves  pinnatifid,  the  cauline  lanceolate,  sagit- 
tate-clasping and  sparingly  dentate. — A  very  common  weed.  April- 
October. 

12.     CAMELINA  Crantz.     FALSE  FLAX. 

Annuals  with  yellowish  flowers,  and  pear-shaped  pods,  pointed  by  the 
persistent  style. 

Pods  2//-3//  long.  1.  C.  microcarpa. 

Pods  4"  long.  2.  C.  saliva. 

1.  C.  microcarpa  Andrz.     l°-2°  high,  hirsute  below  :  leaves  lanceo- 
late, sagittate-clasping,  nearly  entire  :  pods  2//-3//  long. — Adventized 
along  the  Santa  Fe  Railroad  east  of  Sheffield.     Common  in  one  locality. 
Also  near  Morris,  Kansas.     May-June. 

2.  C.  sativa  Crantz.     Like  the  last  but  whole  plant  glabrate,  pods 
larger  and  racemes  shorter. — Rarely  occurs  at  Sheffield.     June. 

13.    DRABA  L.     WHITLOW  GRASS. 

Stellate-pubescent  annuals  with  entire  or  toothed  leaves  and  linear  to 
linear-oblong  nerveless  pods.  Seeds  in  two  rows  in  each  cell. 


CRUCIFEKAE  301 

Pods  3"-9"  long,  many -seeded. 
Leaves  entire. 

Pods  smooth.  1.  D.  Caroliniana. 

Pods  hispid.  2.  D.  micrantha. 

Leaves  toothed.  3.  D.  cuneifolia. 

Pods  l//-2//  long,  few-seeded.  4.  D.  brachycarpa. 

1.  D.  Caroliniana  Walt.     l/-6/  high,  much  branching  and  spreading  : 
leaves  oblong-oval,  4//-10//  long  :  pods  linear,  longer  than  the  pedicels. — 
In  sandy  fields  near  Independence  and  Courtney.     April-May. 

2.  D.  micrantha  Nutt.     Resembles  the  last  but  is  larger  throughout, 
and  the  hispid  pods  are  wider. — Common  in  barrens.     April-May. 

3.  D.  cuneifolia  Nutt.     Resembles  No.  1,  but  leaves  are  cuneate  at 
base,  and  sparingly  dentate  above  :  pods  minutely  hairy. — Common  in  a 
barren  east  of  Dodson.     April-May. 

4.  D.  brachycarpa  Nutt.    l/-4/  high:  leaves  ovate,  entire:  pods  smooth, 
oblong. — Wet,  sterile  prairies,  from  Little  Blue  Tank  to  Greenwood.    Rare 
and  local.    April. 

14.    SOPHIA  Adans.    TANSY  MUSTAED. 

Herbs  with  twice-pinnatifid  leaves  and  forked  pubescence.     Pods  linear, 
long-pedicelled,  seeds  in  1-2  rows  in  each  cell.     Cotyledons  incumbent. 

Pedicels  ascending.  1.  S.  intermedia. 

Pedicels  horizontal.  2.  S.  myriophylla. 

1.  S.  intermedia  Rydb.     KX-24'  high,  glabrous  or  short-glandular- 
pubescent  :  leaves  twice  pinnate  :  pods  erect,  4//-7//  long. — Often  common 
in  dry  grounds  and  waste  places  throughout.     April-July. 

2.  S.  myriophylla  (DC.)  Rydb.     Resembles  the  last,  of  which  it  may 
be  but  a  form,  but  has  horizontal  pedicels  and  pods,  the  latter  5"  or  less 
long. — Dry  grounds  west  of  Lee's  Summit  and  probably  common.    April- 
July. 

15.    ARABIS  L.    ROCK  CEKSS. 

Pods  linear,  the  valves  1-nerved.     Seeds  in  one  row  in  each  cell  in 
ours.     Cotyledons  accumbent. 

Leaves  pinnatifid.  1.  A .  Virginica. 
Leaves  merely  dentate. 

Stem  leaves  clasping.  2.  A.  dentata. 

Stem  leaves  not  clasping.  3.  A.  Canadensis. 

1.  A.  Virginica  (L.)  Trelease.     6/-14/  high,  diffusely  spreading  :  pods 
ascending,  about  V  long,  on  short  pedicels. — Very  common  along  the 
railroad  from  Pixley's  Switch  to  Buckner,  and  in  wet  sandy  fields  near 
Grain  Valley.     Probably  native.     April-May. 

2.  A.  dentata  T.  &  G.    l°-2°  high,  ascending  :  leaves  oblong,  unequally 
toothed  :  pods  spreading,  very  slender,  10"-15"  long. — In  wet  woods  and 
on  wet  rocks  throughout,  but  not  common. 

3.  A.  Canadensis  L.'    l°-3°  high,  erect,  pubescent  below  :  leaves  lan- 
ceolate-oblong :  pods  pendulous,  scythe-shaped,  2/-4/  long. — Occasional 
in  rocky  woodlands  throughout.     May- June. 


102  CRASSULACEAE 

16.     ERYSIMUM  L. 

Leaves  entire  to  toothed.  Pods  long-linear,  quadrangular,  strongly 
nerved.  Seeds  in  one  row  in  each  cell.  Cotyledons  incumbent. 

Flowers  6//-12//  high.  I.  E.  asperum. 

Flowers  2//-4//  high.  2.  E.  repandum. 

1.  E.  asperum  DC.    WESTERN  WJLLL  FLOWER.     l°-2°  high :  leaves 
linear-lanceolate,  sinuate-dentate  :  pods  lJ/-4/  long,  stout,  on  thick  ped- 
icels.— In  waste  places  at  Sheffield  and  Kansas  City.     Rare.     May- June. 

2.  E.  repandum  L.     l°-2°  high  :  leaves  linear,  nearly  entire  :  pods 
2/-4/   long,   slender,    widely  spreading. —Abundantly  adventized   near 
Atherton  ;  occasional  elsewhere.    Also  at  Argentine,  Kansas.    May- June. 

17.     CONRINGIA  Link. 

Glabrous  herbs  with  elliptic-ovate,  entire,  clasping  leaves  and  linear, 
quadrangular,  nerved  pods.  Seeds  in  one  row  in  each  cell.  Cotyledons 
incumbent. 

1.  C.  orientalis  (L.)  Dumort.  TREACLE  MUSTARD.  l°-3°  high: 
pods  3/-5/  long. — In  waste  places  at  Sheffield.  Rare.  June. 

FAMILY  53.    CAPPARIDACEAE  Lindl. 

Herbs  with  compound  alternate  leaves  and  racemose,  perfect  flowers. 
Sepals  and  petals  four  each.  Stamens  six  or  more,  not  tetradynamous. 
Ovary  1-celled,  with  two  parietal  placentae. 

Stamens  six.  1.  CLEOME. 

Stamens  eight  or  more.  2.  POLANISIA. 

1.     CLEOME  L. 

Leaves  3-5-foliolate.  Petals  clawed.  Pod  long- stipitate,  linear-oblong, 
many-seeded. 

1.  C.  semilata  Pursh.  HONEY  PLANT.  2°-6°  high,  glabrous  :  leaf- 
lets oblong-lanceolate  :  flowers  showy,  pinkish. — Abundant  along  rail- 
roads about  one  mile  south  of  the  Union  Depot  in  Kansas  City.  July- 
September. 

2.     POLANISIA  Raf. 

Glandular-pubescent  herbs  with  3-foliolate  leaves.  Petals  clawed. 
Pod  nearly  sessile,  oblong,  many-seeded. 

1.  P.  graveolens  Raf.  CLAMMY  WEED.  l°-2°  high  :  leaflets  obo- 
vate  :  stamens  slightly  exceeding  petals  :  petals  yellowish-white,  2//-3// 
long. — Frequently  adventized  along  railroads  at  Sheffield.  July-Sep- 
tember. 

FAMILY  54.     CRASSULACEAE  DC. 

Herbs  with  perfect,  regular  and  symmetrical  flowers.  Calyx  4-5-cleft 
or  parted.  Petals  4-5.  Stamens  4-5  or  twice  as  many.  Carpels  4-5, 
1-celled,  the  numerous  seeds  arranged  in  two  rows. 

Carpels  separate.  1.  SEDUM. 

Carpels  united  to  the  middle.  2.  PENTHORUM 


PLATANACEAE  103 

1.     SEDUM  L. 

Succulent  herbs  with  cynaose  flowers.  Sepals  and  petals  4-5.  Stamens 
8-10. 

1.  S.  pulchellum  Michx.  WIDOW'S  CROSS.  &-1&  high,  ascending  : 
leaves  numerous,  linear-terete,  sessile  and  clasping :  cymes  4-7,  forked, 
bearing  the  numerous  flowers  on  the  upper  side  :  petals  pinkish. — Abun- 
dant throughout  on  limestone  rocks.  May-June. 

2.     PENTHORUM  L. 

Erect  herbs  with  alternate  leaves  and  cymose  flowers.  Sepals  5.  Petals 
0  or  5.  Stamens  10.  Pistils  5,  united  at  base,  each  beaked  at  the 
summit. 

1.  P.  sedoides  L.  DITCH  STONE  CROP.  1  °-3°  high  :  leaves  oblong- 
lanceolate,  serrate,  short-petioled  :  flowers  yellowish -green. — Frequent 
throughout  along  streams  and  in  wet  places.  July-September. 

FAMILY  55.    SAXIFRAGACEAE  Dumort. 

Herbs  with  perfect  flowers,  5-lobed  or  parted  calyx,  4-5  petals,  usually 
4-5  or  8-10  stamens,  and  superior  ovary  consisting  of  1-several  carpels, 
usually  fewer  than  the  sepals.  Seeds  numerous  with  copious  endosperm. 

1.     HEUCHERA  L. 

Herbs  with  long-petioled  orbicular  basal  leaves  and  terminal  panicles 
of  small  flowers.  Calyx  bell-shaped.  Petals  5.  small.  Stamens  5. 
Ovary  1-celled.  Styles  two. 

1.  H.  Americana  L.  ALUMROOT.  2°-3°  high,  glandular-hirsute: 
leaves  cuneate-dentate  :  calyx  \\ff-^ff  long. — One  plant  in  a  wood  several 
miles  north  of  Lake  City  (B.  F.  Bush);  also  at  Merriam  Park,  Kansas 
(Rev.  Cameron  Mann).  May-June. 

FAMILY  56.    GROSSULARIACEAE  Dumort. 
Shrubs  with  alternate  leaves  and  axillary  flowers.     Flowers  perfect. 
Calyx  adnate  to  ovary,  its  limb  4-5-cleft.     Petals  and  stamens  each  4-5, 
inserted   on  calyx  throat.    Ovary  1-celled  with  two  parietal  placentae. 
Styles  two.     Fruit  a  berry. 

1.     RIBES  L. 
Characters  of  the  family. 

1.  R.  Missouriense  Nutt.  WILD  GOOSE-BERRY.  Shrub  3°-8°  high, 
thorny  :  leaves  orbicular,  3-5-lobed,  serrate  above  :  peduncles  slender, 
few-flowered  :  flowers  greenish-white  :  stamens  much  exserted. — Abun- 
dant in  rocky  woods  throughout.  April-May. 

FAMILY  57.     PLATANACEAE  Lindl. 

Large  trees  with  alternate  palmately-lobed  leaves,  sheathing  stipules 
and  monoecious  flowers  in  spherical  heads.  Calyx  of  3-8  small  sepals 
and  corolla  of  3-8  similar  petals.  Stamens  3-8.  Ovaries  3-8,  1-celled 
and  containing  1  pendulous  ovule.  Fruit  hairy  at  base. 


104  ROSACEAE 

1.     PL  AT  ANUS  L. 

Characters  of  the  family. 

1.  P.  occidentalis  L.  SYCAMORE.  Often  130°  high  :  bark  exfoli- 
ating :  leaves  4/-9/  wide,  truncate  at  base  and  lobed  above  :  fruiting 
heads  long-peduncled. — Common  along  streams.  May. 

FAMILY  58.    ROSACEAE  B.  Juss. 

Plants  with  alternate  usually  stipulate  leaves,  and  irregular  usually 
perfect  flowers.  Calyx  usually  5-lobed,  and  distinct  from  or  adnate  to 
the  ovary.  Petals  usually  five.  Stamens  numerous.  Carpels  1-many, 
distinct  or  united.  Fruit  usually  1 -celled,  and  ovules  1-several. 

Woody  plants. 
Stems  prickly. 

Petals  pinkish.  9.  ROSA. 

Petals  white.  3.  RUBUS. 

Stems  not  prickly. 

Flowers  in  corymbs.  1.  OPULASTEE. 

Flowers  in  panicles.  2.  SPIRAEA. 

Herbs. 

Ovary  superior. 

Styles  persistent  on  the  fruit.  7.  GEUM. 

Styles  not  persistent. 

Flowers  pure  white.  4.  FRAGARIA. 

Flowers  yellowish. 

Receptacle  enlarged  in  fruit.  5.  DUCHESNEA. 

Receptacle  not  enlarged  in  fruit.  6.  POTENTILLA. 

Ovary  inferior.  8.  AGRIMONIA. 

1.     OPULASTBR  Medic. 

Calyx  5-cleft.  Petals  5,  white.  Stamens  20-40.  Follicles  1-5,  in- 
flated, 2-valved,  2-4-seeded. 

1.  O.  intennedius  Rydb.  NINE-BARK.  3°-10°  high,  branching  : 
leaves  orbicular,  serrate,  3-lobed  above,  petioled  :  ovaries  2-4,  finely 
pubescent. — Rocky  bluffs  of  the  Missouri  River  from  Rock  Creek  to 
Courtney.  Frequent.  May. 

2.     SPIRAEA  L. 

Like  the  last  but  follicles  5-8,  2-many-seeded,  not  inflated  and  de- 
hiscent by  but  one  suture. 

1.  S.  salicifolia  L.  MEADOW  SWEET.  2°-3°  high :  leaves  petioled, 
oblanceolate,  serrate  :  flowers  small,  white,  in  dense  terminal  panicles. — 
In  low  meadows  near  Lake  City  fide  Rev.  Cameron  Mann.  Very  rare. 
July-September. 

3.     RUBUS  L. 

Shrubs  with  prickly  stems,  terminal  panicled  flowers  and  alternate  com- 
pound leaves.  Calyx  5-parted.  Petals  5.  Stamens  numerous.  Carpels 
many,  ripening  into  drupelets  imbedded  in  the  succulent  receptacle. 

Leaflets  white  beneath.  1.  B.  occidentalis. 

Leaflets  not  white  beneath. 


ROSACEAE  105 

Plants  erect.  2.  R.  nigrobaccus. 
Plants  trailing. 

Leaflets  not  cordate.  .                                     3.  R.  procumbens. 

Leaflets  cordate.  4.  R.  invisus. 

1.  R.  occidentalis  L.    WILD  RASPBERRY.     l°-4°  high,   glaucous, 
prickly,  especially  on  the  peduncles :  leaflets  three,  very  white  beneath  : 
fruit  purplish -black. — Common  in  woods  throughout. 

2.  R.  nigrobaccus  Bailey.     WILD  BLACKBERRY.    l°-8°  high,  prickly, 
very  pubescent :   leaflets  3-5,  ovate  to  oblong-ovate,  coarsely  serrate : 
flower  racemes  leafy-bracted  at  base  :  fruit  short-oblong. — Very  common 
in  thickets.    The  usual  form  is  not  strongly  glandular-pubescent,  but  near 
Dodson  occurs  a  noticeably  glandular-pubescent  form  ;  near  Sibley  a 
glandular-pubescent  form  with  dry  oblong  fruit  5"-Q"  long  ;  and  near 
Lee's  Summit  a  form  with  very  villous  sepals. 

3.  R.  procumbens  Muhl.     DEWBERRY.     Stems  trailing,  armed  with 
scattered  prickles  :  leaflets  oblong-ovate,   7"-30"  long,  6"-20"  wide, 
glabrate  or  pubescent,  narrowed  to  or  rounded  at  the  base :  sepals  obtuse 
to  shortly  leafy-tipped. — Abundant  in  dry  woods. 

4.  R.  invisus  Bailey.     Stems  trailing,  armed  with  scattered  prickles  : 
leaflets  ovate  to  ovate-orbicular,  thickish,  12"-36"  long,  9//-30//  wide, 
quite  pubescent,   rounded  or  usually  cordate  at  base :  sepals  usually 
strongly  tipped. — Low  prairies,  especially  along  Little  Blue  River. 

4.     FRAGARIA  L. 

Acaulescent  herbs  with  3-foliolate  leaves,  and  corymbose  flowers. 
Calyx  5-parted  and  with  5  bracts  in  the  sinuses.  Petals  5,  white.  Achenes 
numerous,  in  fruit  scattered  over  the  surface  of  the  pulpy  receptacle. 

1.  F.  Virginiana  L.  WILD  STRAWBERRY.  Villous  with  spreading 
hairs :  leaflets  obovate,  sharply  serrate  :  fruit  ovoid. — Common  in  dry 
soil.  April. 

5.     DUCHESNEA  J.  E.  Smith. 

Differs  from  Fragaria  in  having  leafy  stems,  yellow  flowers  and  a  non- 
pulpy  fruit. 

1.  D.  Indica  ( Andr. )  Focke.  INDIAN  STRAWBERRY.  Stems  trailing, 
leafy,  silky-pubescent :  leaflets  obovate,  crenate-dentate  :  flowers  small. — 
Escaped  from  cultivation  in  Independence.  May-June. 

6.    POTENTILLA  L.     CINQUEFOIL. 

Plants  with  leafy  stems  and  yellowish  flowers,  resembling  Fragaria, 
but  the  receptacle  dry  and  not  inflated  in  fruit. 

Leaflets  pinnately  3-11-foliolate. 

Plants  erect.    '  1.  P.  argnta. 

Plants  procumbent.  5.  P.  paradoxa. 

Leaflets  digitately  3-5-foliolate. 
Plants  erect. 

Lower  leaves  3-divided.  2.  P.  Monspeliensis. 

Lower  leaves  5-divided.  3.  P.  pentandra. 


106  KOSACEAE 

Plants  diffusely  spreading. 

Leaflets  three.  4.  P.  leucocarpa. 

Leaflets  five.  6.  P.  Canadensis. 

1.  P.  arguta  Pursh.     l°-3°  high,  glandular-pubescent :  leaflets  7-11, 
ovate,  serrate :   flowers  densely  cymose,  yellowish-white. — On  a  rocky 
hill  in  Kansas  City,  just  north  of  Roanoke  Place.    Very  local.    June-July. 

2.  P.  Monspeliensis  L.     l°-2°  high,  hairy  :  leaflets  oblong-lanceolate, 
serrate  :  flowers  yellow,  cymose :  stamens  15-20. — Common  throughout 
in  moist  or  dry  soil.     May- July. 

3.  P.  pentandra  Engelm .     Like  the  last :  leaflets  three,  oblong-lance- 
olate, the  two  lower  parted  nearly  to  the  base :  stamens  5-8. — Sandy 
bottom  along  the  Missouri  River.     May- July. 

4.  P.  leucocarpa  Rydb.     Spreading:  leaflets  three,  oblong,  serrate: 
flowers  loosely  cymose,  small :  stamens  about  10. — Sandy  shores  of  the 
Missouri  River.     May- July. 

5.  P.  paradoxa  Nutt.     Spreading :    leaflets  3-11,   oblong-lanceolate, 
crenate  :  flowers  loosely  cymose  :  stamens  about  20. — Common  on  sandy 
shores  of  the  Missouri  River.     May-October. 

6.  P.  Canadensis  L.     FIVE  FINGEK.     Stems  widely  spreading  by 
runners  :   leaflets  oblong-cuneate,  serrate  above  :  peduncles  axillary,  1- 
flowered :  stamens  about  20.  — Rather  common  in  dry  soil  throughout.  May. 

7.     GEUM  L. 

Erect  herbs  with  pinnate  leaves  and  cymose  flowers.  Calyx  5-parted. 
Petals  5.  Stamens  and  carpels  numerous.  Styles  long,  persistent  on 
the  fruit. 

Head  of  fruit  stalked  in  the  calyx.  1.  G.  vernum. 
Head  of  fruit  sessile. 

Peduncles  appressed-pubescent.  2.  G.  Canadense. 

Peduncles  long-hirsute.  3.  G.  Virginianum. 

1.  G.  vernum  (Raf.)  T.  &  G.     SPRING  A  YENS.     l°-2°  high,  pubes- 
cent :  root-leaves  orbicular,  or  3-5-lobed,  or  pinnate  with  3-7  obovate 
leaflets  :  stem  leaves  pinnate  :  petals  yellow :  sepals  reflexed  :  receptacles 
smooth. — Locally  common  in  low  woods  near  Sheffield  and  Lake  City. 
May-June. 

2.  G.  Canadense  Jacq.     WHITE  AVENS.     Resembles  the  last  in  foli- 
age, softly  pubescent :  calyx  reflexed  :  petals  whitish  :  styles  pubescent 
below :  receptacle  densely  hairy. — Common  in  moist  woods .  June- August. 

3.  G.  Virginianum  L.     ROUGH  AVENS.     Closely  resembles  No.  2,  but 
stouter  and  bristly-pubescent:    receptacle  nearly  smooth. — Rare  in  low 
woods  near  Lake  City.     May- July. 

8.    AGRIMONIA  L.    AGRIMONY. 

Erect  perennials  with  pinnate  leaves,  the  leaflets  serrate  and  inter- 
mixed with  smaller  leaflets.  Flowers  yellow,  in  spike-like  racemes. 
Calyx-tube  obconic  and  indurated  in  fruit,  bristly  above,  completely 
enclosing  two  achenes.  Petals  5.  Stamens  5-15. 


POMACEAE  107 

Stems  nearly  glabrous.  1.  A.  striata. 
Stems  pubescent  to  hirsute. 

Leaflets  5-11.  2.  A.  mollis. 

Leaflets  11-17.  3.  A.  parviflora. 

1.  A.  striata  Michx.     l°-3°  high  :  leaflets  5-7,  bearing  few  scattered 
hairs,  oblong-obovate,  obtuse:  flowers  rather  few. — Dry  woods  through- 
out.    Common.     July-September. 

2.  A.  mollis   (T.    &  G.)    Britton.     2°-6°   high,    pubescent:  leaflets 
about  7,  pubescent  beneath,  obovate  :  flowers  numerous. — Common  in 
woods.     July-September. 

3.  A.  parviflora  Soland.     2°-6°  high,  densely  hirsute  below :  leaflets 
lanceolate  to  linear-lanceolate,  glandular- pubescent :  flowers  very  numer- 
ous.    Bather  common  in  moist  woods  and  prairies.     Julj -September. 

9.     ROSA  L. 

Shrubs  with  prickly  stems  and  alternate  pinnate  leaves.  Calyx  urn- 
shaped,  contracted  at  the  mouth,  becoming  fleshy  in  the  fruit,  its  limb 
5-lobed.  Petals  5,  pinkish.  Stamens  numerous.  Ovaries  sessile  at  the 
bottom  of  the  calyx,  in  fruit  enclosed  by  the  fleshy  calyx. 

Styles  cohering  in  a  column.  1.  R.  setigera. 
Styles  distinct. 

Leaflets  not  glandular  beneath. 

Infrastipular  spines  absent  or  small.  2.  R.  Arkansana. 

Infrastipular  spines  present,  conspicuous.  3.  R.  humilis. 

Leaflets  glandular  beneath.  4.  R.  rubiginosa. 

1.  R.  setigera  Michx.     PRAIRIE  KOSE.     Somewhat  climbing,  4°-8° 
high  :  stems  armed  with  stout  prickles  :  leaflets  about  three,  sharply  ser- 
rate :  flowers  2/-3/  broad  :  sepals  deciduous. — Common  in  low  grounds 
and  prairies.     June. 

2.  R.  Arkansana  Porter.    WILD  KOSE.    l°-3°  high  :  stems  prickly  to 
nearly  smooth  :  infrastipular  spines  rarely  present  :  leaflets  5-11,  oblong- 
elliptical  to  obovate,  cuneate  or  rounded  at  base,  sharply  serrate,  glabrous 
to  strongly  pubescent :  flowers  2/  broad,  one-many  :  sepals  persistent, 
spreading  or  erect  in  fruit. — Common  on  prairies  and  in  dry  places. 
June. 

3.  R.  humilis  Marsh.     WILD  ROSE     Closely  resembles  R.  A rJcansana, 
but  infrastipular  spines  present,  and  conspicuous :  sepals  deciduous  in 
fruit. — Rocky  barrens,  Swope  Park  to  Raytown.     June. 

4.  R.  rubiginosa  L.     SWEETBRIER.     4°-6°  high  :  stems  armed  with 
stout  recurved  spines  :  leaflets  5-7,  oval,  often  doubly  serrate  :  flowers 
few  :  sepals  deciduous.     Sparingly  naturalized  north  of  Lee's  Summit 
and  near  Independence.     June. 

FAMILY  59.    POMACEAE  L. 

Trees  or  shrubs  with  alternate  leaves  and  perfect  regular  flowers. 
Sepals  and  petals  five  each.  Stamens  numerous.  Ovary  inferior,  1-5- 
celled,  with  1-2  ovules  in  each  cell.  Fruit  a  fleshy  pome. 


108  POMACEAE 

Flowers  pink.  1.  MALUS. 
Flowers  white. 

Flowers  appearing  before  leaves.  2.  AMELANCHIER. 

Flowers  appearing  after  leaves.  3.  CEATAEGUS. 

1.    MALUS  Mill.    WILD  CRAB  APPLE. 

Trees  with  showy  cymose  flowers.  Cells  of  the  ovary  each  2-ovuled. 
Pome  globose,  hollowed  at  the  base  and  apex. 

Leaves  nearly  glabrous  beneath.  1.  M.  coronaria. 

Leaves  tomentose  beneath.  2.  M.  loensis. 

1.  M.  coronaria  (L.)  Mill.     A  small  tree  with  ovate,  serrate  leaves, 
which  are  rounded  at  the  base:  pome  about  V  in  diameter. — In  woods, 
especially  in  the  northern  part.     Not  common.     April. 

2.  M.  loensis  (Wood)  Britton.     Differs  from  the  last  in  having  its 
leaves  hairy  beneath  and  narrowed  at  the  base,  and  pubescent  calyx  and 
pedicels. — Often  common  in  woods.    April. 

2.     AMELANCHIER  Medic. 

Small  trees  with  white  racemose  flowers.  Styles  2-5.  Cells  of  ovary 
twice  as  many  as  the  styles,  each  1-seeded.  Pome  berry-like. 

1.  A.  Canadensis  (L.)  Medic.  SERVICE  BERRY.  Leaves  ovate-ob- 
long, acute,  cordate  at  base,  sharply  serrate,  sparingly  pubescent  below, 
2/-4/  long  :  racemes  several-flowered,  the  bracts  silky-pubescent  and  de- 
ciduous :  petals  linear-spatulate. — Rocky  woods  chiefly  in  the  northern 
part.  Not  common.  March-April. 

3.     CRATAEGTTS  L.     RED  HAW. 

Small  trees  with  terminal  corymbose  white  flowers.  Styles  1-5. 
Ovary  1-5-celled,  containing  as  many  bony  ovules. 

Leaves  simply  serrate.  1.  C.  Crus-Galli. 
Leaves  doubly  serrate. 

Leaves  glabrous  beneath.  2.  C.  MackenziL 
Leaves  pubescent  beneath. 

Petioles  57/  or  less  long.  3.  C.  pertomentosa. 

Petioles  5"  or  more  long.  4.  C.  mollis. 

1.  C.  Crus-Galli  L.    5°-20°  high,  glabrous  throughout :  leaves  oblong- 
spatulate,  12//-20//  long,  obtuse,  simply  serrate,  strongly  tapering  at  base 
to  petioles  3"  or  less  long  :  fruit  lurid-red,  4//-5//  wide. — Common  in 
barrens  and  occasional  in  low  grounds.     A  form  with  villous  fruiting 
cymes,  twigs  and  petioles  and  lower  leaf  surface  pubescent,  which  may  be 
distinct,  occurs  near  Sni  Mill.     May. 

2.  C.  Mackenzii  Sargent  n.  sp.     5°-20°  high,  glabrous  throughout  : 
leaves  ovate-orbicular,  l/-2/  long,  acute,  sharply  double-serrate,  truncate 
or  subcordate  at   base  :  petioles  5//-12//  long  :   fruit  lurid-red,  5"-6" 
wide. — Barrens  throughout  but  uncommon.     May. 

3.  C.  pertomentosa  Ashe.     5°-20°  high:  leaves  broadly  ovate,  ll'-2i' 
long,  O'MS"  wide,  pubescent  beneath,  doubly  serrate,  rounded  or  taper- 


DKUPACEAE  109 

ing  at  base  to  the  soon  glabrous  petiole,  5"  or  less  long  :  fruit  red,  6//-8// 
broad. — Of  infrequent  occurrence.     May. 

4.  C.  mollis  (T.  &  G.)  Scheele.  10°-40°  high  :  leaves  broadly  ovate, 
truncate  or  cordate  at  base,  1^-5^  long,  l/-5/  wide  :  petioles  persistently 
short-tomentose  :  fruit  red,  edible,  S^-IO"  broad. — Common  in  woods. 
Probably  includes  several  species.  April-May. 

FAMILY  60.    DRUPACEAE  DC. 

Trees  or  shrubs  with  alternate  petioled  leaves  and  perfect  regular 
flowers.  Sepals  and  petals  5  each.  Stamens  numerous.  Pistil  solitary, 
superior,  1-celled,  2-ovuled.  Fruit  a  1-seeded,  edible  drupe. 

Flowers  white.  1.   PRUNUS. 

Flowers  pink.  2.  AMYGDALUS. 

1.     PRUNUS  L. 

Stamens  15-20.     Drupe  glabrous. 

Flowers  preceding  the  leaves. 

Leaves  pubescent  beneath.  1.  P.  lanata. 
Leaves  smooth  beneath. 

Leaves  ovate-lanceolate.  2.  P.  hortulana. 

Leaves  lanceolate.  3.  P.  angustifolia. 

Flowers  following  the  leaves.  4.  P.  serotina. 

1.  P.  lanata   (Sudw.)  Mackenzie  &  Bush,  n.  comb.     WILD  PLUM. 
10°-20°  high  :  twigs,  pedicels  and  both  sides  of  the  calyx-lobes  densely 
short  appressed  -pubescent  even  in  age  :  leaves  ovate,   long-acuminate, 
sharply  serrate,  usually  strongly  pubescent  beneath  :  flowers  in  umbel- 
like  clusters  :  calyx  teeth  not  glandular  :  drupe  9//-12//  in  diameter. — 
Common  in  dry  places.     April-May.     (P.  Americana  lanata  Sudw. ) 

2.  P.  hortulana  Bailey.     GOOSE  PLUM.     15°-30°  high  :  leaves  ovate- 
lanceolate,  long-acuminate,  thickish,  coarsely  serrulate,  glabrous  :  pedi- 
cels glabrous  :  calyx  lobes  pubescent  on  both  sides,  glandular-serrate  : 
drupe  9//-12//  in  diameter. — Frequent  in  bottom  lands  along  the  Missouri 
Eiver.     April-May.     Our  form  is  var.  Mineri  Bailey. 

3.  P.  angustifolia  Michx.      HOG  PLUM.      8°-15°  high  :  leaves  lance- 
olate, acute,  serrulate,  glabrous  :   flowers  cymose  :  fruit  6//-9//  in  di- 
ameter.— Occasionally  adventized  along  railroads  near  Leeds,  Independ- 
ence and  Lee's  Summit. 

4.  P.  serotina  Ehrh.     WILD  CHERRY.     30°-90°  high  :  leaves  oval- 
lanceolate,  acuminate,  serrate  with  appressed  teeth  :  flowers  in  spread- 
ing, glabrous  racemes  :  drupes  globose,  4/x  broad. — Rather  common  in 
woods  throughout.     April-May.     A  form  with  pubescent  racemes  occurs. 

2.     AMYGDALUS   L. 
Stamens  20-30.     Drupe  velvety. 

1.  A.  Persica  L.  PEACH.  15°-30°  high  :  leaves  ovate-lanceolate, 
long-acuminate,  serrulate,  glabrous:  flowers  large,  pink,  clustered  on 


11 0  CAESALPINACEAE 

the  nodes  :  drupes  about  !£'  in  diameter. — Freely  escaped,  especially 
around  Kansas  City.     April-May. 

FAMILY  61.    MIMOSACEAE  Keichenb. 

Herbs  with  alternate  decompound  leaves  and  small  regular  flowers  in 
ped uncled  heads.  Sepals  and  petals  3-6  each.  Stamens  few  to  numer- 
ous. Ovary  1-celled,  bearing  several-many  ovules. 

Stems  smooth.  1.  ACUAN. 

Stems  prickly.  2.  MORONGIA. 

1.     ACUAN   Medic. 

Calyx  5-toothed.  Petals  5,  distinct,  whitish.  Stamens  5,  distinct. 
Ovary  sessile.  Ovules  many.  Pod  smooth. 

1.  A.  niinoensis  (Michx.)  Kuntze.  FALSE  SENSITIVE  PLANT.  2°-5° 
high  :  leaflets  very  numerous,  linear-lanceolate,  about  2X/  long  :  pods  ob- 
long, curved. — Common  in  dry  ground  throughout.  June-August. 

2.     MORONGIA  Britton. 

Calyx  4-5-parted.  Petals  5,  united  to  the  middle,  pinkish.  Stamens 
8-12.  Ovary  sessile.  Ovules  many.  Pod  prickly.  Leaves  sensitive. 

1.  M.  uncinata  (Willd.)  Britton.  PRICKLY  SENSITIVE  PLANT. 
Decumbent,  l°-4°  long  :  leaflets  elliptical,  strongly  veined,  2/x  long. 
Locally  common  in  dry  woods  from  Swope  Park  to  Grain  Valley  and 
southward.  May-June. 

FAMILY  62.    CAESALPINACEAE  Kl.  &  Garcke. 
Plants  with  simple  or  compound  leaves  and  regular  or  irregular  non- 
papilionaceous  flowers.     Sepals  and   petals  five  each.     Stamens   10  or 
fewer.     Ovary  1-celled,  1-many-ovuled.     Fruit  a  legume. 

Herbaceous  plants.  2.  CASSIA. 

Trees. 

Flowers  pink.  1.  CERCIS. 

Flowers  greenish- white. 

Very  thorny.  3.  GLEDITSCHIA. 

Not  thorny.  4.  GYMNOCLADUS. 

1.  CERCIS  L. 

Leaves  simple,  cordate,  entire.  Flowers  in  axillary  fascicles,  preceding 
the  leaves.  Calyx  5-toothed.  Corolla  imperfectly  papilionaceous,  the 
standard  enclosed  by  the  wings  in  the  bud  and  the  keel  longer  than  the 
wings.  Stamens  10,  distinct.  Pods  oblong,  flat. 

1.  C.  Canadensis  L.  RED  BUD.  A  small  tcee.  Common  in  rocky 
woods.  April-May. 

2.  CASSIA  L. 

Herbs  with  abruptly  pinnate  leaves  and  large  yellow  flowers.  Sepals 
nearly  distinct.  Petals  nearly  equal,  clawed.  Stamens  10,  unequal. 
Ovules  many. 

Leaflets  more  than  12/x  long. 

Leaflets  4-6.  1.  C.  Tora. 


PAPILIONACEAE  111 

Leaflets  8-18. 

Leaflets  mucronate-pointed.  2.  C.  Marylandica, 

Leaflets  acuminate.  3.   C.  occidentalis. 

Leaflets  less  than  10"  long.  4.  C.  Chamaecrista. 

1.  C.  Tora  L.     Low  SENNA.     Annual,  2°-3°  high  :  leaflets  obovate, 
obtuse  :  flowers  in  axillary  racemes :  pods  6'  long,  curved. — Adventized 
at  Levasy.     Rare.     July-September. 

2.  C.  Marylandica  L.    WILD  SENNA.    Perennial,  2°-6°  high  :  leaflets 
6-9  pairs,  elliptic-oblong,   glabrate  :  flowers  in  axillary  racemes  :  pods 
2/-4/  long,  linear. — Local  in  rich  woods  throughout.     July-August. 

3.  C.  occidentalis  L.     COFFEE  SENNA.     Annual,  3°-6°  high:  leaflets 
4-6  pairs,    ovate-lanceolate,  ciliate  :  flowers  in  axillary  racemes :  pods 
4/-6/  long,   linear. — Adventized  at  Kansas  City  north  of  jBurge  Park 
and  at  Sheffield.     Rare.     June-October. 

4.  C.  Chamaecrista  L.     PAETEIDGE  PEA.     Annual,  l°-3°  high :  leaf- 
lets 20-30,  linear-oblong:  flowers  showy,  2-3  together  in  axillary  clusters  : 
pods  oblong-linear. — Very  common  in  dry  soil  throughout.     July-Sep- 
tember. 

3.     GLEDITSCHIA  L. 

Large  thorny  trees  with  once  or  twice  pinnate  leaves,  and  small  green- 
ish, polygamous  flowers  in  spikes.  Sepals  and  petals  3-5  each.  Stamens 
6-10.  Pods  flat,  coriaceous. 

1.  G.  triacanthos  L.  HONEY  LOCUST.  30°-100°  high  :  thorns  stout, 
branching  :  leaflets  oblong-lanceolate,  8//-15//  long  :  pod  linear-oblong, 
1°  or  more  long. — Abundant  along  water  courses.  May. 

4.     GYMNOCLADTTS  Lam. 

Trees  with  twice  pinnate  leaves  and  whitish  polygamous  or  dioecious 
flowers  in  racemes.  Calyx  tubular  beneath,  5-cleft  above.  Petals  5,  in- 
serted on  the  calyx  tube.  Stamens  10,  short,  inserted  with  the  petals. 
Pod  oblong,  flat. 

1.  G.  dioica  (L.)  Koch.  KENTUCKY  COFFEE  TKEE.  40°-75°  high  : 
leaves  2°-3°  long,  the  ovate  leaflets  l/-2/  long  :  pods  Q'-W  long. — 
Rather  common  in  rich  woods  throughout.  May. 

FAMILY  63.    PAPILIONACEAE  L. 

Plants  with  alternate,  compound,  stipulate  leaves  and  perfect  flowers. 
Calyx  4-5-toothed  or  cleft.  Petals  five,  irregular,  and  flowers  usually 
papilionaceous.  Stamens  usually  ten.  Pistil  one,  superior,  one-  or  two- 
celled,  or  transversely  2-many-celled  by  cross  partitions.  Style  simple. 
Fruit  a  legume. 

Not  herbaceous  vines. 

Leaves  1-foliolate.  2.  CROTALAKIA. 

Leaves  3-5-foliolate. 

Stamens  10,  distinct.  1.  BAPTISIA. 

Stamens  monadelphous  or  diadelphous. 
Leaflets  denticulate. 


112 


PAPILIONACEAE 


Flowers  spicate  or  racemose. 
Pods  coiled. 
Pods  straight. 
Flowers  capitate. 
Leaflets  entire. 

Peduncles  1-flowered. 
Flowers  in  spikes,  racemes  or  clusters. 
Herbage  glandular-dotted. 
Herbage  not  glandular-dotted. 
Stipules  not  adnate  to  petiole. 
Pods  of  several  joints. 
Pods  one-jointed. 
Stipules  adnate  to  petiole. 
Leaves  pinnately  many-foliolate. 
Flowers  not  papilionaceous. 
Corolla  of  but  one  petal. 
Corolla  of  five  petals. 
Stamens  9  or  10. 
Stamens  5. 

Flowers  papilionaceous. 
Trees. 
Herbs. 

Pods  not  prickly. 
Pods  prickly. 
Herbaceous  vines. 
Leaves  pinnate. 
Tendril-bearing. 
Not  tendril-bearing. 
Leaves  3-foliolate. 

Keel  of  corolla  not  incurved. 
Keel  of  corolla  incurved. 


3.  MEDICAGO. 

4.  MELILOTUS. 

5.  TRIFOLIUM. 

6.  LOTUS. 

7.  PSORALEA. 


14.  MEIBOMIA. 

15.  LESPEDEZA. 
5.  TRIFOLIUM. 


8.  AMORPHA. 

9.  PAROSELA. 

10.  PETALOSTEMON. 

11.  ROBINIA. 

12.  ASTRAGALUS. 

13.  GLYCYRRHIZA. 


16.  VICIA. 

18.  APIOS. 

17.  FALCATA. 

19.  STROPHOSTYLES. 


1.     BAPTISIA  Vent.     WILD  INDIGO. 

Much  branching  herbs  with  3-foliolate  leaves  and  racemose  flowers. 
Pod  stalked  in  the  persistent  calyx,  inflated. 

Plants  glabrous. 

Flowers  blue.  1.  B.  australis. 

Flowers  white.  2.  B.  leucantha. 

Plants  densely  pubescent.  3.  B.  bracteata. 

1.  B.  australis  (L.)  R.  Br.    2°-3°  high  :  leaflets  oblanceolate  :  racemes 
erect,  loosely  many-flowered  :  pods  oblong. — Sparingly  adventized  along 
the  railroad  from  Sheffield  to  Courtney.     May. 

2.  B.  leucantha  T.  &  G.     3°-5°  high  :  leaflets  obovate  :  racemes  erect, 
very  long,  many-flowered  :  pods  elliptical,    on  stalks  twice  the  length  of 
the  calyx. — Prairies  and  glades  throughout.     Frequent.     June-July. 

3.  B.  bracteata  Ell.     l°-2°  high  :  leaflets  oblanceolate  :  stipules  and 
bracts  conspicuous  :   racemes  densely  flowered,  often  drooping  :   flowers 
yellow  :  pods  ovoid,  pointed. — Common  on  prairies  throughout  the  south- 
western part.     April-May. 

2.     GROT AL ARIA  L. 

Anthers  of  two  forms.     Pods  inflated,  many-seeded,  the  seeds  loose  and 
rattling  at  maturity. 


PAPILIONACEAE  113 

1.  C.  sagittalis  L.  RATTLE  Box.  S^SCK  high,  erect,  villous  :  leaves 
oval-lanceolate  :  stipules  united  and  decurrent  on  stem  :  peduncles  bear- 
ing 2-4  small,  yellow  flowers. — Quite  common  in  dry  open  soil  through- 
out. June- August. 

3.     MEDIC  AGO  L. 

Stamens  diadelphous  with  anthers  all  alike.  Pods  1-several-seeded, 
incurved  or  coiled. 

Flowers  purple.  1.  M.  sativa. 

Flowers  yellow  ;  pods  reticulated.  2.  M.  lupuhna. 

Flowers  yellow  ;  pods  spiny.  3.  M.  denticulata. 

1.  M.  sativa  L.    ALFALFA.    Perennial,  l°-3°  high,  upright,  smooth  : 
leaflets  oblong-obovate :  flowers  racemose-spicate  :  pods  spirally  twisted. — 
Commonly  adventized  along  railroads.     May-September. 

2.  M.  lupulina  L.     HOP  MEDIC.    Annual,  hairy,  decumbent :  leaflets 
obovate  :  flowers  spiked  :  pods  1-seeded,  curved. — Locally  naturalized 
along  railroads  at  Kansas  City.     May-September. 

3.  M.   denticulata   Willd.      TOOTHED  MEDIC.     Like  the  last    but 
glabrous,  and  the  several-seeded  pods  prickly. — Collected  as  a  waif  at 
Courtney.     May-September. 

4.    MELILOTUS  Juss.    SWEET  CLOVER. 
Like  Medicago  but  pods  ovoid  and  not  curved  or  coiled,  indehiscent. 

Flowers  white.  1.  M.  alba. 

Flowers  yellow.  2.  M.  officinalis. 

1.  M.  alba  Desv.     3°-8°  high  :  leaflets  linear-oblong  :  flowers  small, 
numerous,  in  long  racemes  :  standard  longer  than  the  wing. — Abundant 
in  waste  places.     May-September. 

2.  M.  officinalis  (L.)  Lam.     Like  the  last  but  lower  :  standard  and 
wing  equal. — Locally  common  in  waste  places  at  Kansas  City,  Indepen- 
dence, Leeds,  Sheffield  and  Lee's  Summit.     May-September. 

5.     TRIFOLIUM  L.     CLOVER. 

Corolla  withering-persistent.  Stamens  diadelphous.  Pods  small,  in- 
cluded in  the  calyx,  indehiscent  or  tardily  dehiscent,  1-6-ovuled.  Stipules 
united  to  the  petiole.  None  of  our  species  are  native. 

Corolla  reddish-purple. 

Heads  sessile.  1.  T.  pratense. 

Heads  stalked.  2.   T.  medium. 
Corolla  white  or  rose-colored. 

Plant  erect  or  ascending.  3.  T.  hybridum. 

Plants  creeping.  4.   T.  repens. 

1.  T.  pratense  L.  RED  CLOVER.  6/-24/  high,  ascending,  pubescent : 
leaflets  oval,  entire,  commonly  dark-spotted  near  the  middle  :  heads  glo- 
bose, I7  long,  sessile  :  flowers  sessile. — Common  in  fields  and  meadows. 
May-September. 


114  PAPILIONACEAE 

2.  T.  medium  L.     Like  the  last  but  leaflets  not  spotted,  and  flower 
heads  peduncled. — Independence  and  Courtney.    Uncommon.    May-Sep- 
tember. 

3.  T.  hybridum  L.    ALSIKE  CLOVER.    l°-2°  high,  ascending  :  leaflets 
obovate,  serrate  :  flowers  3//-4//  long,  peduncled  :  pedicels  l//-2//long. — 
Frequently  adventized  in  waste  places.     May-September. 

4.  T.  repens  L.     WHITE   CLOVER.     Widely  creeping  :  leaflets  ob- 
ovate to  obcordate,  serrate  :  flowers  as  in  the  last. — Very  abundant  in 
fields,  copses,  etc.     May-September. 

6.     LOTUS   L. 

Herbs  with  red  dish -yellow  flowers.     Pods  linear,  1-several-seeded. 

1.  L.  Americanus  (Nutt.)  Bisch.  PRAIRIE  TREFOIL.  6/-2°  high, 
erect,  pubescent :  leaflets  oblong  :  flowers  numerous  :  peduncles  1-flow- 
ered,  leafy-bracted  :  pod  V  long.  Adventized  along  railroads  at  Shef- 
field :  also  abundant  along  roads  west  of  Lee's  Summit.  June-August. 

7.  PSORALEA  L. 

Leaves  3-5-foliolate.  Flowers  small,  bluish,  in  racemes.  Pods  ovoid, 
short,  indehiscent,  1-seeded. 

Leaflets  three. 

Plants  canescent.  1.  P.  tenuiflora. 

Plants  densely  silvery-pubescent.  2.  P.  argophylla. 

Leaflets  five.  3.  P.  esculcnta. 

1.  P.  tenuiflora  Pursh.     Bushy,  2°-4°  high  :  leaflets  oval  to  oblong  : 
racemes   slender,    few-many-flowered :    pods  ovate  to  ovoid,    abruptly 
beaked. — Common  in  rocky  barrens  and  prairies,  especially  in  the  south- 
western part.     May-July. 

2.  P.  argophylla  Pursh.     l°-2°  high  :   leaflets  oval-oblong :   flowers 
4r/  long,  in   interrupted  spikes. — Adventized  along  the  railroad  three 
miles  south  of  Independence.    May-July. 

3.  P.  esculenta  Pursh.     PRAIRIE  TURNIP.      12/-18/  high,   whitish 
villous-pubescent :  leaves  digitately  5-foliolate  ;  leaflets  obovate  :  spikes 
dense,  often  3'  long. — Adventized  along  railroad  east  of  Sheffield.    June. 

8.  AMORPHA   L. 

Shrubs  with  pellucid-dotted  pinnate  leaves  and  flowers  in  close  spikes. 
Corolla  reduced  to  one  petal,  the  standard,  which  is  wrapped  around  the 
style  and  stamens.  Stamens  monadelphous  below.  Pod  short,  1-2- 
seeded. 

Leaflets  12//-24//  long.  1.  A.  frulicosa. 

Leaflets  3//-7//  long.  2.  A.  canescens. 

1.  A.  fhiticosa  L.  FALSE  INDIGO.  5°-15°  high,  pubescent  or  gla- 
brate  :  leaflets  11-25,  oblong-elliptical,  short-stalked  :  spikes  3'-6x  long  : 
flowers  violet-purple. — Frequent  along  streams  throughout.  May- June. 


PAPILIONACEAE  115 

2.  A.  canescens  Pursh.  LEAD  PLANT.  l°-3°  high,  white-canes- 
cent  :  leaflets  21-51 :  spikes  numerous,  2/-7/  long  :  flowers  blue. — Fre- 
quent on  prairies  and  barrens  throughout  the  southern  part.  June. 

9.     PAROSELA   Cav. 

Flowers  spicate.  Petals  all  on  claws,  the  standard  inserted  at  the 
bottom  of  the  calyx,  and  the  wings  and  keel  adnate  to  the  stamen-tube. 
Pods  indehiscent  and  one-seeded. 

1.  P.  Dalea  (L.)  Britton.  Glabrous  annual,  l°-2£°  high:  leaflets 
13-31,  linear-oblong,  l//-2//  long :  flowers  in  dense  spikes,  pinkish- 
white  :  calyx  teeth  silky  pubescent. — Locally  abundant  in  sandy  grounds, 
especially  along  the  Missouri  River.  May-September. 

10.    FETALOSTEMON  Michx.     PRAIRIE  CLOVER. 
Punctate  herbs  with  flowers  in  dense  spikes.     Petals  on  long  claws,  the 
heart-shaped  standard  inserted  at  the  bottom  of  the  calyx,  the  claws  of 
the  inner  petals  adnate  to  the  filament  tubes,  and  the  five  stamens  alter- 
nating with  them.     Pods  included,  1-2-seeded. 

Flowers  white  ;  leaflets  oblong.  1.  P.  candidus. 

Flowers  white  ;  leaflets  linear.  2.  P.  multiflorus. 

Flowers  rose-purple.  3.  P.  purpureus. 

1.  P.  candidus  (Willd.)  Michx.     l°-3°  high,  glabrous  :  leaflets  5-9, 
oblong,  8//-12//  long :   spikes  oblong  :   bracts  longer  than  the  calyx. — 
Frequent  on  prairies  throughout  the  southern  part.     June-July. 

2.  P.  multiflorus  Nutt.     l°-2°  high,  glabrous:  leaflets  3-9,  linear, 
3//-5//  long  :  spikes  subglobose  :  bracts  shorter  than  the  calyx. — Occasion- 
ally adventized  along  railroads  from  Kansas  City  to  Sibley.     July-Sep- 
tember. 

3.  P.  purpureus  (Vent.)  Rydb.     l°-3°  high,  nearly  glabrous  :  leaflets 
3-5,  linear,  3//-9//  long  :  spikes  oblong  :  bracts  about  the  length  of  the 
silky-pubescent  calyx. — With  No.  1,  but  more  common.     June-July. 

11.     ROBINIA  L. 

Trees  with  odd-pinnate  leaves  and  showy  racemose  flowers.  Stamens 
diadelphous.  Pods  linear,  flat,  several-seeded,  2-valved. 

1.  R.  Pseudacacia  L.  BLACK  LOCUST.  20°-50°  high  :  leaflets  9-19, 
ovate-oblong  :  flowers  white,  6//-12//  long,  very  fragrant  :  pods  smooth, 
2/-4/  long. — Naturalized  in  many  places,  and  perhaps  native  south  of 
Little  Blue  Tank.  May-June. 

12.    ASTRAGALUS  L.     MILK  VETCH. 

Herbs  with  odd-pinnate  leaves  and  spicate-racemose  flowers.  Keel 
blunt.  Stamens  diadelphous.  Pods  very  various,  either  completely  or 
incompletely  2-celled. 

Flowers  greenish-yellow.  1.  A.  CaroUnianus. 
Flowers  violet  purple. 

Pods  oblong,  globose.  2.  A.  crassicarpus. 

Pods  linear-oblong,  curved.  3.  A.  distortus. 


116  PAPILIONACEAE 

1.  A.  Carolinianus  L.  2°-4°  high,  erect :  leaflets  15-27,  oblong  :  flowers 
numerous,  in  dense  spikes  :  pods  sessile,  oblong,  terete,  glabrous,  5//-8// 
long,  2-celled,  dehiscent. — Occasional  in  open  grounds  throughout.     July- 
August. 

2.  A.  crassicarpus  Nutt.     GROUND  PLUM.     Stems  decumbent,  l°-2° 
long,  appressed-pubescent :  leaflets  15-25,  narrowly  oblong  :  flowers  in 
short  racemes  :  pods  fleshy,  sessile,  glabrous,  8"-12"  long,  2-celled,  inde- 
hiscent. — Frequent  in  barrens  throughout  the  southern  part.     April-May. 

3.  A.  distortus  T.  &G.    Stems  short,  ascending,  glabrate:  leaflets  11- 
25,  obovate  :  flowers  in  loose  spikes  :  pods  sessile,  linear- oblong,  strongly 
curved,  glabrous,  W-W  long,  1-celled,   grooved  beneath. — Frequent 
with  the  last.     April-May. 

13.     GLYCYRRHIZA  L. 

Herbs  with  odd  pinnate  leaves  and  spicate  racemose  flowers.  Stamens 
diadelphous.  Alternate  anthers  smaller.  Pods  sessile,  indehiscent, 
prickly. 

1.  G.  lepidota  Pursh.  WILD  LIQUORICE.  l°-3°  high :  herbage 
dotted:  leaflets  11-19,  oblong-lanceolate:  flowers  greenish- white.  Occa- 
sionally adventized  along  railroads  from  Kansas  City  to  Courtney.  May- 
June. 

14.    MEIBOMIA  Heist.    STICK  TIGHT. 

Herbs  with  stipellate,  3-foliolate  leaves  and  rather  small  flowers  in 
racemes.  Calyx  somewhat  2-lipped.  Stamens  diadelphous.  Loments 
sessile  or  stalked,  transversely  jointed,  the  joints  indehiscent  and  rough 
pubescent. 

Loments  borne  on  stipes  about  the  length  of  the  pedicel. 

Panicle  arising  from  the  base  of  the  plant.  1.  M.  nudifiora. 

Panicle  terminal.  2.  M.  grandiflora. 

Stipes  of  loments  not  exceeding  calyx. 

Bracts  large  and  conspicuous  before  flowering. 
Stipules  large  and  conspicuous. 

Leaves  not  coriaceous  and  reticulated  beneath. 

Leaflets  obtuse,  mucronate.  3.  M.  canescens. 

Leaflets  long-acuminate. 

Leaflets  pubescent.  5.  M .  longifolia. 

Leaflets  glabrous.  4.  M.  bracteosa. 

Leaves  coriaceous  and  reticulated  beneath.          7.  M.  Illinoensis. 
Stipules  small  and  inconspicuous. 

Leaflets  oblong- lanceolate.  6.  M.  Canadensis. 

Leaflets  linear.  8.  M.  sessilifolia. 

Bracts  small  and  inconspicuous. 
Joints  of  loment  triangular. 

Plants  glabrous.  9.  M.  paniculata. 

Plants  pubescent.  10.  M.  Dillenii. 

Joints  of  loment  oval. 

Plants  pubescent.  11.  M.  rigida. 

Plants  glabrous.  12.  M.  Marylandica. 

1.  M.  nudifiora  (L.)  Kuntze.  Leaves  crowded  at  summit  of  sterile 
stems :  leaflets  ovate-orbicular,  1/-3'  long :  flowering  stem  leafless : 


PAPILIONACEAE  117 

loments  straight  on  the  back,  deeply  indented  below  into  2-3  joints. — Dry 
woods  near  Courtney.     Local.     July-September. 

2.  M.  graiidiflora  (Walt.)  Kuntze.     Leaves  crowded  at  summit  of 
stem,  from  which  arises  the  naked  panicle  :  leaflets  round-ovate,  2'-6' 
long  :  loments  1-3-jointed. — Abundant  in  dry  woods  throughout.     June- 
August. 

3.  M.  canescens  (L.)  Kuntze.     2°-5°  high,  villous-pubescent :  leaf- 
lets blunt,  whitish-pubescent  beneath:  loments  4-6-jointed,  the  joints 
unequally  rhomboid. — Frequent  in  dry  sandy  grounds,  especially  along 
the  Missouri  River.     July-September. 

4.  M.  bracteosa  (Michx.)  Kuutze.    3°-6°  high,  very  smooth  below  : 
leaflets  2/-6/  long,  ovate-lanceolate,    acuminate :  loments  3-7-jointed, 
the  joints  rhomboid-oblong. — Occasional  in  thickets  throughout,  but  not 
common.     July- August. 

5.  M.  longifolia  (T.  &  G.)  Vail.     2°-5°  high,  minutely  pubescent : 
leaflets  2X-4X  long,  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  pubescent :  loments  4-6- 
jointed,  the  joints  triangular. — Rather  common  in  rocky  woods,  especially 
in  the  northwestern  part.     July-September. 

6.  M.  Canadensis  (L.)   Kuntze.     2°-6°  high:  leaflets  1^-3'  long, 
oblong-lanceolate,   obtuse,  appressed-pubescent  beneath :  flowers  large  : 
loments  3-5-jointed,  the  joints  obliquely  oval. — Occasional  in  rich  woods 
and  prairies  throughout  the  western  part.     July-September. 

7.  M.  Illinoensis  (A.  Gray)  Kuntze.     3°-5°  high,  rough-pubescent  : 
leaflets  l^/-3/  long,  ovate-lanceolate,  obtuse,  coriaceous,  scabrous  above 
and  strongly  reticulated  beneath  :  loments  6//-12//  long,  3-6-jointed,  the 
joints  oval. — Frequent  in  dry  barrens  and   on  prairies  throughout  the 
southern  part.     June-July. 

8.  M.  sessilifolia   (Torr.)   Kuntze.     2°-4°    high,    pubescent:    leaves 
nearly  sessile,  the  leaflets  linear- oblong,  obtuse,  pubescent  and  usually 
strongly  reticulated  beneath :  loment  1-3-jointed,  the  joints  obliquely 
obovate. — Frequent  in  barrens,  especially  in  the  southern  part.     July- 
August. 

9.  M.  paniculata  (L. )  Kuntze.     2°-4°  high,  nearly  glabrous  :  leaflets 
oblong-lanceolate,  smooth,  blunt:  loment  3-6-jointed,  the  joints  obliquely 
triangular. — Abundant,  especially  in  low  woods.     July-September. 

Var.  pubens  (T.  &  G.)  Vail.  Leaflets  appressed-pubescent  beneath  : 
loments  strongly  constricted  above  and  below. — Sandy  woods  along  Blue 
near  Martin  City. 

10.  M.  Dillenii  (Darl.)   Kuntze.     2°-3°    high,    pubescent:    leaflets 
oblong-ovate,  l/-2/  long,  pubescent  beneath,  blunt :  loment  2-4-jointed, 
the  joints  triangular. — Common  in  dry  soil.     July-September. 

11.  M.  rigida  (Ell.)  Kuntze.     l°-3°  high,  rough-pubescent:  leaflets 
oblong-ovate,  scabrous  above,  pubescent  beneath,  blunt,  10//-20//  long : 
loment  1-3-jointed,  the  joints  obliquely  oval.— Dry  hills  along  the  Little 
Blue.     Rare.     August-September. 


PAPILIONACEAE 

12.  M.  Marylandica  (L. )  Kuntze.  l°-3°Iiigh,  nearly  glabrous  :  leaf- 
lets ovate-orbicular,  3"-12"  long,  glabrous  :  lornent  1-3-jointed,  the 
joints  obliquely  oval. — Locally  common  in  dry  woods  south  of  Grain 
Valley  and  near  Little  Blue  Tank  and  Martin  City.  August-September. 

15.     LESPEDEZA  Michx.     BUSH  CLOVER. 

Herbs  with  non-stipellate,  3-foliolate  leaves,  and  flowers  in  panicles, 
spikes  or  clusters.  Calyx  lobes  equal.  Stamens  diadelphous.  Pods 
composed  of  a  single  one-seeded  joint,  ovate  to  orbicular.  Some  of  the 
flowers  sessile  and  apetalous  in  Nos.  1,  2,  3  and  4.  Probably  contains 
three  distinct  genera. 

Perennials  ;  flowers  purple. 
Flowers  long-peduncled. 
Leaflets  oval-  oblong  to  linear-oblong. 

Pods  about  length  of  sepals.  1    L.  Manniana. 

Pods  twice  the  length  of  sepals.  2.  L.  acuticarpa. 

Leaflets  oval  or  wider.  3.   L.  violacea. 

Flowers  nearly  sessile.  4.  L.  Virginica. 

Perennials  ;  flowers  yellowish- white.  5.  L.  capitata. 

Annuals.  6.  L.  striata. 

1.  L.  Manniana  Mackenzie  &  Bush,  n.  sp.     Erect-ascending,  l°-2° 
high,  appressed-pubescent  :  leaves  short-petioled  :  leaflets  oblong-elliptic 
to  linear-oblong,  4//-18//  long,  l//-5//  wide,  appressed-pubescent  beneath, 
mucronate  :  peduncles  numerous,  4-12-flowered  :   sepals  very  long,  lan- 
ceolate-acuminate,  2£//-3//   long,  strongly  hairy,   often    exceeding  the 
corolla  and  pod  :  pod  2£7/  long. — In  barrens  at  Swope  Park  and  near  Red 
Bridge.     Local.     August-September. 

2.  L.   acuticarpa    Mackenzie    &    Bush,    n.    sp.     Resembles    No.    1  : 
peduncles  fewer-flowered :    sepals  subulate,  1J"  long,  appressed-hairy, 
half  the  length  of  the  pods,  the  latter  very  acute,  3/x  long. — Barrens  at 
Swope  Park  and  Jones'  Creek. 

3.  L.  violacea  (L. )   Pers.     Bushy-branched,  spreading,  6/-20/  high 
nearly  glabrous  :   leaflets  oval.  4//-12//  long,  2//-8//  wide,  subglabrate 
below :  flower-spikes  paniculate  :   flowers  4//-5//  long,  on  pedicels  2" 
long. — In  rocky  woods  at  Swope  Park,  Westport,  etc. 

Var.  prairea  Mackenzie  &  Bush,  n.  var.  Leaflets  6/x  or  less  long  : 
flower-spikes  hardly  paniculate :  flowers  3/x  long,  on  pedicels  \"  long. — 
The  common  form  on  dry  banks  throughout.  Possibly  a  distinct  species. 

4.  L.  Virginica  (L.)  Britton.     l£°-2£°  high,  erect,  appressed-pubes- 
cent :  leaflets  oblong-linear,  4//-12//  long,  appressed-pubescent  beneath  : 
flowers  crowded  in  subsessile  clusters  :  pods  appressed-pubescent. — Occa- 
sional in  dry  woods,  especially  in  the  southern  part.     August-September. 

5.  L.  capitata  Michx.     2°-6°  high,  pubescent :  leaflets  oblong,  l//-3// 
long,  silvery -pubescent,  glabrate  above  :    flowers  in  dense  globose  heads  : 
pods  pubescent. — Common  in  dry  ground.     July-September. 

Var.  sericea  Hook.  &  Arn.  Leaflets  sericeous  above. — In  similar  situ- 
ations as  the  type,  and  about  as  common. 


PAPILIONACEAE  119 

Var.  longifolia  (DC.)  T.  &  G.  Leaflets  linear-oblong,  l£'-3$'  long.— 
Rocky  woods  near  Dodson.  Not  common. 

6.  L.  striata  (Thunb.)  H.  &  A.  Diffusely  branching,  3/-15/  long, 
subpubescent :  leaves  nearly  sessile,  the  leaflets  oblong  :  stipules  large  : 
flowers  1-3  together,  nearly  sessile. — Found  as  a  waif  near  Dodson  and 
Sheffield.  August-October. 

16.    VICIA  L.     VETCH. 

Vines  with  pinnate  tendril-bearing  leaves  and  purplish  flowers.  Sta- 
mens diadelphous.  Styles  with  a  tuft  of  hairs  at  the  summit.  Pods  flat, 
dehiscent,  2-valved,  several-seeded. 

Flowers  in  racemes. 

Racemes  3-9-flowered.  1.  V.  Americana. 

Racemes  1-2-flowered.  2.  V.  micrantha. 

Flowers  nearly  sessile.  3.  V.  sativa. 

1.  V.  Americana  Muhl.     WILD  VETCH.     Glabrous  perennial,  l°-3° 
long  :  leaflets  10-16,  elliptic-ovate  :  flowers  8//-9//  long.— Locally  abun- 
dant on  clayey  banks  near  Pixley's,  Adams  and  Levasy.     May-August. 

2.  V.  micrantha  Nutt.     Glabrous  perennial,  l°-2°  long  :  leaflets  4-10, 
linear-oblong:  flowers  2//-3//  long. — Collected  as  a  waif  at  Courtney.  May. 

3.  V.  sativa  L.     COMMON  VETCH.     Annual,  l°-2°  high,  nearly  gla- 
brous :  leaflets  8-14,  obovate  to  linear-oblong,  retuse  and  mucronate  at 
apex,  2//-4//  wide  :  flowers  6//-9//  long. — Locally  adventized  along  rail- 
roads at  Sheffield.     May-July. 

17.     FALCATA  Gmel.     HOG  PEANUT. 

Vines  with  3-foliolate,  stipellate  leaves  and  purplish  flowers  in  axillary 
racemes  and  also  apetalous  flowers  from  basal  branches.  Upper  pods 
linear-oblong,  several-seeded.  Lower  pods  obovate,  1-seeded. 

Plant  glabrate  or  sparingly  pubescent.  1.  F.  comosa. 

Plant  villous-pubescent.  2.  F.  Pitcheri. 

1.  P.  comosa  (L. )  Kuntze.     l°-3°  long:  leaflets  rhombic-ovate,  \'-& 
long,  thin  :  bracts  small,  nearly  glabrous  :  ovary  glabrous  with  a  hairy 
margin. — Rather  common  in  dry  woods.     August-September. 

2.  F.  Pitcher!  (T.  &  G.)  Kuntze.     5°-20°  long  :  leaflets  as  in  the  last 
but  thickish  :  bracts  large,  pubescent :  ovary  hairy.— Common  in  moist 
woods,  especially  along  the  Missouri  River.     August-September. 

18.     APIOS  Moench. 

Vines  with  pinnate,  stipellate  leaves  and  chocolate-colored  flowers  in 
dense  racemes.  Calyx  somewhat  2-lipped.  Keel  incurved.  Pods  linear, 
many-seeded,  rarely  formed. 

1.  A.  tuberosa  Moench.  GROUND  NUT.  5°-10°  long  from  tubers  : 
leaflets  5-7,  ovate-lanceolate :  flowers  numerous,  4//  long. — In  low 
grounds  througout,  but  not  common.  July-August. 


1 20  OXALIDACEAE 

19.    STROPHOSTYLBS  Ell.     WILD  BEAN. 
Vines  with  pinnately  3-foliolate,  stipellate  leaves,  and  capitate  flowers 
at  the  end  of  long  peduncles.     Pods  linear,  bearing  several  oblong  trun- 
cate seeds. 

Leaflets  ovate.  1.  8.  helvola. 

Leaflets  linear-oblong.  2.  S.  pauciflora. 

1.  S.  helvola  (L.)  Britton.     Spreading  annual,  l°-4°  long:  leaflets 
strongly  lobed,  1/-2'  long  :  pods  2/-3/  long :  seeds  3"  long,  pubescent. — 
Sandy  bottoms,  especially  along  the  Missouri  River.    Not  common.    July- 
October. 

Var.  Missouriensis  (S.  Wats. )  Britton.  Climbing,  often  10°-25°  high  : 
leaflets  usually  entire. — Common  in  sandy  woods,  especially  along  the 
Missouri  River. 

2.  S.  pauciflora  (Benth.)  S.  Wats.     Spreading  annual,  l°-3°  long: 
leaflets  entire,  G^-SO"  long  :  pods  1X-2X  long  :  seeds  1£"  long,  glabrous. 
— Sandy  bottoms  near  Courtney,  along  the  Little  Blue,  near  Lee's  Sum- 
mit and  adventized  along  railroads.     Uncommon.     July-October. 

FAMILY  64.    GERANIACEAE  J.  St.  Hill. 

Herbs  with  palmately  lobed  stipulate  leaves  and  perfect,  regular,  5- 
merous  flowers.  Ovary  5-lobed,  5-celled. 

1.     GERANIUM  L. 

Stamens  usually  10.  Ovary  cells  each  with  two  ovules.  Fruit  long- 
beaked. 

Flowers  12"-18"  broad.  1.   G.  maculatum. 

Flowers  4//-6//  broad.  2.   G.  CaroUnianum. 

1.  G.   maculatum  L.     WILD    GERANIUM.     Erect  perennial,    l°-2° 
high,  somewhat  pubescent  :  leaves  3-5-parted,  the  segments  toothed  at 
the  apex  and  often  lobed  :  petals  rose-purple,  woolly  at  base. — Frequent 
in  woods  throughout.     April-May. 

2.  G.  Carolinanum  L.     CRANE'S  BILL.     Pubescent  branching  annual, 
6/-18/  high  :  leaves  about  5-parted,  the  segments  lobed  :  petals  light  pink. 
— Common  in  barren  soils.     April-June. 

FAMILY  65.    OXALIDACEAE  Lindl. 

Herbs  with  palmately  3-foliolate,  obscurely  stipulate  leaves  and  perfect 
regular,  umbellate  or  cymose,  5-merous  flowers.  Ovules  2-many  in  each 
cell.  Fruit  a  loculicidal  capsule. 

1.     OXALIS  L.     WOOD  SORREL.    SOUR  CLOVER. 
Stamens  ten,  monadelphous  at  base,  alternately  shorter.     Styles  five, 
separate.     Leaflets  usually  obcordate. 

Flowers  violet.  1.   0.  violacea. 

Flowers  yellow. 


ZYGOPHYLLACEAE  121 

Pedicels  deflexed  or  reflexed  in  fruit. 

Stipules  conspicuous.  2.  0.  corniculata. 

Stipules  inconspicuous.  3.  0.  stricla. 

Pedicels  spreading  in  fruit.  4..  0.  cymosa. 

1.  O.  violacea  L.     A  glabrous  acaulescent  perennial  from  a  scaly 
bulb  :  flowers  few,  umbellate. — Often  common  on  sunny  slopes.     April- 
May. 

2.  O.  corniculata  L.     Procumbent,  appressed-pubescent,  1/-12/  long : 
umbels  bearing  1-3  flowers,  2//-6//  long  :  pedicels  strigillose,  reflexed  : 
capsule  5"-9"  long. — Frequent  in  greenhouses.     January-December. 

3.  O.  stricta  L.     S'-?'  high,  strigose,  branching  and  spreading  from 
near  the  base  :  umbels  few-flowered  :  capsules  S^-IS"  long. — Abundant 
in  waste  places.     April-September. 

4.  O.  cymosa  Small.     KX-247  high,  villous,  usually  erect :  flowers  in 
many-flowered  dichotomous  cymes  :  capsules  3//-7//  long. — Common  in 
waste  grounds.     May-September. 

FAMILY  66.    LINACEAE  Dumort. 

Herbs  with  non-stipulate  leaves  and  perfect  flowers.  Sepals,  petals  and 
stamens  five  each.  Stamens  monadelphous  at  base.  Styles  2-5.  Ovary 
2-5-  or  4-10-celled.  Fruit  a  capsule. 

1.     LINUM  L.     FLAX. 

Flowers  paniculately  racemose.  Ovary  4-5-celled,  or  falsely  8-10- 
celled,  8-10-seeded. 

Flowers  blue.  1.  L.  usitatissimum. 
Flowers  yellow. 

l°-2°  high  ;  branching  above.  2.  L.  sulcatum. 

1°  or  less  high  ;  branching  throughout.  3.  L.  rigidum. 

1.  L.  usitatissimum  L.    Annual,  l°-2°  high  :  leaves  linear-lanceolate  : 
flowers  6//-8//   broad  :    capsule   3x/-4/x   long. — Abundantly  adveutized 
along  roadsides  and  railways.     May-September. 

2.  L.  sulcatum  Riddell.     Annual :  leaves  linear-lanceolate,  the  upper 
glandular-ciliate  :    flowers  6".  broad  :    capsules  I/'-l^"   long. — In   dry 
woods  and  prairies,  Dodson  to  Lee's  Summit  and  southward.    Rather  rare. 
June-August. 

3.  L.  rigidum  Pursh.     Annual,   with  rigid  branches  :   leaves  linear- 
lanceolate  :  flowers  9"-15"  broad  :  capsules  2"-2$"  long.— Well  estab- 
lished locally  along  railroads  north  of  Sheffield.     May. 

FAMILY  67.    ZYGOPHYLLACEAE  Lindl. 

Herbs  with  opposite  pinnate  leaves  and  perfect  axillary  flowers.  Petals 
and  sepals  five  each.  Stamens  5-15.  Pistils  4-12.  Fruit  dry. 

1.     KALLSTROEMIA  Scop. 

Fruit  not  prickly,  its  10-12  segments  each  1-seeded.     Flowers  yellow. 
1.  K.  maxima  (L.)  T.  &  G.     CALLTROP.     Pubescent  annual,  spread- 


1 22  EUPHORBIA  CE  AE 

ing,  6/-24/  long :  leaflets  about  eight,  oblong-elliptical :  fruit  strongly 
beaked. — Sparingly  adventized  along  railroad  at  Courtney  ;  also  in 
Kansas  City,  Kansas. 

FAMILY  68.    RUTACEAE  Juss. 

Shrubs  with  compound  punctate-dotted  leaves,  and  polygamo-dioecious 
regular  flowers.  Sepals  4-5  or  none.  Petals  4-5.  Stamens  4-5.  Pistils 
2-5,  inserted  on  an  elongated  receptacle.  Fruit  a  capsule. 

1.  XANTHOXYLUM  L. 

Prickly  shrubs  with  odd-pinnate  leaves.  Flowers  small,  greenish. 
Pods  fleshy,  1-2-seeded. 

1.  X.  Americanum  Mill.  PRICKLY  ASH.  5°-15°  high  :  leaflets  5- 
11,  obscurely  crenate,  ovate  :  flowers  in  axillary  cymes  :  calyx  absent : 
fruit  black. — Common  in  woods.  April-May. 

FAMILY  69.    SIMARUBACEAE  DC. 
Like  the  last  family  but  leaves  not  punctate. 

1.     AILANTHUS  Desf. 

Trees  with  odd  pinnate  leaves  and  polygamous  greenish  flowers  in 
compound  panicles.  Stamens  8-10,  in  staminate  flowers.  Pistillate 
flowers  with  a  2-5-cleft  ovary  and  a  few  stamens.  Fruit  a  1-seeded 
samara. 

1.  A.  glandulosus  Desf.  TREE  OF  HEAVEN.  Leaflets  many,  ovate- 
lanceolate,  oblique  at  base  :  samaras  2'  long. — Beginning  to  escape  near 
Independence.  May-June. 

FAMILY  70.    POLYGALACEAE  Reichenb. 

Herbs  with  perfect  irregular  flowers.  Sepals  five,  the  two  lateral  large, 
the  other  three  small.  Petals  three,  united  into  a  tube.  Stamens  about 
eight,  monadelphous  or  diadelphous.  Ovary  2-celled,  2-ovuled.  Seeds 

caruncled. 

1.     FOLYGALA  L.     MlLKWORT. 

Stamens  and  petals  more  or  less  cohering. 

Leaves  verticillate.  1.  P.  vertidllata. 

Leaves  alternate.  2.  P.  incarnata. 

1.  P.  verticillata  L.    Glabrous,  branching  annual,  4/-10/  high  :  leaves 
linear,   verticillate  in  fours  and  fives  :  flowers  greenish- white. — Rocky 
woods  throughout,  but  not  common.     June- July. 

2.  P.  incarnata  L.     Glabrous,   slender  annual,    l°-2°  high  :  leaves 
small,  linear-subulate  :  flowers  pinkish  :  corolla  tube  very  slender. — Dry 
prairies  between  Lee's  Summit  and  Greenwood.     Very  rare.     June. 

FAMILY  71.    EUPHORBIACEAE  J.  St.  Hill. 
Herbs  with  monoecious  or  dioecious  flowers.     Sepals  and  petals  present 
or  wanting  and  flowers  sometimes  enclosed  in  a  calyx-like  involucre. 


EUPHOKBIACEAE  123 

Stamens  few-many.  Ovary  3-celled,  with  1  or  2  pendulous  ovules  in 
each  cell.  Styles  three.  Fruit  separating  into  three,  2-valved  carpels. 
Juice  usually  milky. 

Staminate  and  pistillate  flowers  separate. 

Stellate-puhescent  herbs.  1.  CROTON. 

Stinging  pubescent  herbs.  3.  TBAGIA. 

Pubescence  neither  stellate  nor  stinging. 

Flowers  in  terminal  panicles.  4.  RTCINUS. 

Flowers  in  axils  of  leafy  bracts.  2.  ACALYPHA. 

Both  kinds  of  flowers  together  in  a  cup-shaped  involucre, 
the  whole  resembling  a  single  flower.  5.  EUPHORBIA. 

1.     CROTON  L.     SILVERY  SPURGE. 

Herbs  with  dioecious  or  monoecious  flowers.  Calyx  in  staminate 
flowers  usually  5-parted  with  rudimentary  petals  and  five  or  more 
stamens.  Pistillate  calyx  5-10-parted,  petals  usually  wanting,  and  ovary 
usually  3-celled  and  3-seeded.  Staminate  flowers  in  spikes,  the  fertile 
flowers  below. 

Flower  monoecious. 

Leaves  toothed.  1.  C.  glandulosus. 
Leaves  entire. 

Flowers  woolly -pubescent.  2.  C.  capitatus. 

Flowers  appressed-pubescent.  3.  C.  monanthogynus. 

Flowers  dioecious.  4.  C.  Texensis. 

1.  C.  glandulosus  L.     Glandular  hairy  annual,   87-2°  high  :  leaves 
oblong-ovate,  bearing  two  glands  at  base  :  staminate  flowers  with  four 
sepals,  four  petals,  a  four-rayed  disk  and  eight  stamens :  fertile  flowers 
with  five  sepals,  and  rudimentary  petals. — Adventized  at  Sheffield  and 
Courtney.     Native  in  sandy  soil  near  Argentine,  Kansas.     July-October. 

2.  C.   capitatus   Michx.     Densely  stellate-pubescent   annual,    l°-3° 
high  :  leaves  lanceolate-oblong,  cordate  at  base  :  sterile  flowers  with  five 
sepals,  five  petals  and  10-14  stamens  :  fertile  flowers  with  6-8  sepals  and 
no  petals  :  capsules  erect. — Often  abundant  on  dry  prairies,  especially  in 
the  southern  part.     July-October. 

3.  C.    monanthogynus    Michx.     Silvery    pubescent   annual,    67-2° 
high  :  leaves  ovate-oblong  :  sterile  flowers  with  3-5  sepals,  petals  and 
scale-like  glands,  and  3-8  stamens :  fertile  flowers  with  five  sepals,  no 
petals,  and  five  glands  :  capsules  on  recurved  peduncles. — Common  in 
dry  grounds  throughout.     July-October. 

4.  C.  Texensis  (Klotzsch.)  Muell.  Arg.     Stellate-pubescent  annual, 
l°-2°  high  :  leaves  linear-oblong  :  both  sterile  and  pistillate  flowers  with 
five  sepals,  no  petals  and  5  small  glands  :  stamens  ten.     Found  occasion- 
ally as  a  waif  near  Sheffield,  Courtney  and  Independence.     July-October. 

2.    ACALYPHA  L.     THREE-SEEDED  MERCURY. 
Herbs  with  monoecious  flowers,  the  sterile  in  spikes,  the  fertile  at  their 
base,  surrounded  by  a  leafy  bract.    Sterile  flowers  composed  of  a  4-parted 


124  EUPHORBIACEAE 

calyx  and  8-16  stamens.     Fertile  flowers  of  a  3-5-parted  calyx  and  a 
3-celled,  3-ovuled  capsule. 

Sterile  spike  shorter  than  fruiting  bract.  1.  A.  Virginica. 

Sterile  spike  surpassing  fruiting  bract.  2.  A.  gracilens. 

1.  A.  Virginica  L.    l°-2°  high,  not  glandular  :  leaves  ovate-oblong, 
lonaj-petioled,  serrate. — Common  in  rich  woods  throughout.     August- 
October. 

2.  A.  gracilens  A.  Gray.     Rather  smaller,  often  very  glandular:  leaves 
lanceolate  to  linear-oblong,  short-petioled,  sparingly  toothed. — Common 
in  dry  ground.     August-October. 

3.     TRAGIA   L. 

Herbs  with  monoecious  spicate-racemose  flowers.  Staminate  flowers 
with  a  3-5-parted  calyx  and  2-5  stamens.  Pistillate  flowers  with  a  usu- 
ally 5-parted  calyx.  Capsule  3-seeded. 

1.  T.  ramosa  Torr.    STINGING  SPURGE.     Erect  spreading,  1°  high 
leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  sharply  serrate,  cordate  at  base  :  calyx  of  stami- 
nate  flowers  4-5-parted  and  stamens  4-5.     Locally  abundant  in  a  barren 
east  of  Martin  City.     June-September. 

4.     RICINUS   L. 

Glabrous  annuals  with  peltate,  palmately  many-cleft  leaves  and  mon- 
oecious flowers  in  terminal  clusters.  Staminate  flowers  with  a  3-5-parted 
calyx  and  many  branching  stamens.  Pistillate  calyx  3-5-parted,  the 
ovary  3-celled  and  3-ovuled. 

1.  R.  communis  L.  CASTOR  BEAN.  G'-IS0  high  :  leaves  3'-2° 
broad. — Rarely  escaped  along  railroads  at  Kansas  City  and  occasionally 
found  around  old  -houses  near  Independence  in  a  depauperate  form. 
July-October. 

5.    EUPHORBIA  L.    SPURGE. 

Flowers  borne  in  a  cup-shaped,  4-5-lobed  involucre  with  glands  in  the 
sinuses.  Sterile  flowers  numerous,  lining  the  inside  of  the  involucre  and 
composed  of  one  stamen  with  a  small  bract  at  base.  Fertile  flower  soli- 
tary, consisting  of  a  three-lobed,  at  length  long-stalked  3-ovuled  ovary. 
Styles  three,  2-cleft. 

Glands  of  involucre  with  petal-like  appendages. 
Leaves  opposite  and  entire. 

Leaves  linear.  1.  E.  NuttallU. 

Leaves  orbicular-ovate.  2.  'E.  serpens. 

Leaves  opposite  and  serrulate. 

Plants  densely  hairy.  3.  E.  maculata. 

Plants  glabrous  or  nearly  so. 

Leaves  1 -nerved.  4.  E.  glyptosperma. 

Leaves  strongly  3-nerved.  5.  E.  nutans. 

Lower  leaves  alternate  ;  upper  verticillate. 

Bracts  green.  6.  E.  corollata. 

Bracts  white,  large.  7.  E.  marginata. 


EUPHORBI  ACE  AE  1 25 

Glands  of  involucre  without  petal-like  appendages. 

Stem-leaves  opposite.  8.  E.  dentata. 
Stem-leaves  alternate,  not  entire. 

Capsules  smooth.  9.  E.  heterophylla. 

Capsules  warty.  10.  E.  Arkansana. 

Stem-leaves  alternate,  entire.  11.  E.  Cyparissias. 

1.  E.   Nuttallii   (Engelm.)    Small.      Erect,    G'-SO7  high,   glabrous: 
leaves  often  involute  and  somewhat  curved,  truncate  and  mucronate  at 
apex  :  involucral  glands  bearing  large  white  appendages  :  seeds  4-angled. 
— Frequent  in  rocky  barrens  from  Westport  to  Little  Blue  Tank  and 
south  westward.     July-September. 

2.  E.  serpensH.B.K.     Widely  prostrate-spreading,  glabrous  :  involu- 
cral glands  bearing  small  white  crenulate  appendages  :  seeds  4-angled. — 
Common  in  rich  soil.     July-October. 

3.  E.  glyptosperma  Engelm.    Ascending  or  prostrate,  glabrous  :  leaves 
linear- oblong,  falcate,  finely  serrulate  :  glands  of  the  involucre  with  small 
white  crenulate  appendages  :  seeds  4-angled,  sharply  transversely  wrin- 
kled.— Often  common  on  sand-bars  along  the  Missouri  River. 

4.  E.  maculata  L.     Procumbent,  puberulent  or  hairy :  leaves  ovate- 
oblong  to  linear-oblong,  often  blotched  with  red  :  glands  of  the  involucre 
with  small  whitish  appendages  :  seeds  4-angled,  usually  strongly  trans- 
versely wrinkled. — Abundant  in  waste  places.    May-October.    All  speci- 
mens examined  have  the  involucre  more  or  less  cleft  on  one  side. 

5.  E.  nutans  Lag.     Erect,  l°-2°  high,   smooth  :  leaves  ovate-oblong, 
somewhat  falcate,  serrate  :  involucres  in  dense  clusters  :  glands  of  the  in- 
volucre bearing  orbicular  entire  appendages :  seeds  black,  four-angled  and 
ridged. — Abundant  in  waste  places.     June-October. 

6.  E.  corollata  L.     l°-3°  high,  erect,  smooth  :  leaves  oblong,  often 
emarginate  at  apex,  nearly  sessile  :  glands  of  the  involucre  bearing  5  con- 
spicuous white  petal-like  appendages  :  seeds  sparingly  pitted. — Common 
in  barrens  and  prairies  throughout  the  southern  part.     June-September. 

7.  E.  marginata  Pursh.    l°-4°  high,  erect,  hairy  :  leaves  oval,  sessile, 
mucronate  :  glands  of  involucre  white-appendaged  :  seeds  reticulated  and 
tuberculate. — Occasionally  adventized  in  waste  places,  especially  at  Dod- 
son  and  Independence.     July-September. 

8.  E.   dentata  Michx.      6x-2°   high,  erect,  somewhat  hairy  :  leaves 
ovate-lanceolate,  coarsely  toothed,  petioled  :  involucral  glands  not  ap- 
pendaged  :  seeds  tuberculate. — Common  in  open  grounds.    June-October. 
A  form  commonly  adventized  at  Sheffield  has  the  upper  leaves  linear- 
lanceolate  and  entire. 

9.  E.   heterophylla   L.     6x-2°   high,    erect,   nearly  glabrous :   leaves 
linear  to  oblong-orbicular,  sinuate-toothed,  serrate  or  entire,  often  red- 
blotched,  the  upper  often  fiddle- shaped  :  involucral  glands  not  append- 
aged  :  seeds  tubercled. — Common  in  rocky  soil  throughout,  especially  in 
the  southern  part. 


126  ANACARDIACEAE 

10.  E.  Arkansana  Engelm.     12'  or  less  high,  erect,  glabrous :  leaves 
ohlong-spatulate,  sessile,  those  of  the  inflorescence  opposite  and  ovate  : 
involucral  glands  not  appendaged :  seeds  faintly  reticulated. — Barrens 
near  Lee's  Summit  and  Dodson.     Local.     May- June. 

11.  E.  Cyparissias  L.     Glabrous  perennial,  6/-12/  high:  leaves  linear : 
bracts  heart-shaped :  involucral  glands  crescent-shaped,  not  appendaged: 
seeds  smooth. — Persistent  after    cultivation   near  Wayne  City.     May- 
June. 

FAMILY  72.    CALLITRICHACEAE  Lindl. 

Small  herbs  with  opposite  leaves  and  monoecious  or  perfect  axillary 
flowers  with  two  bracts  or  bractless.  Sepals  and  petals  absent.  Stamen 
one.  Ovary  4-celled.  Styles  2.  Fruit  compressed,  containing  four  pendu- 
lous seeds. 

1.    CALLITRICHE  L.    WATER  STARWORT. 

With  the  characters  of  the  family. 

Terrestrial.  1.  C.  Austini. 

Aquatic.  2.   <7.  heterophylla. 

1.  C.  Austini  Engelm.     Tufted,  S^-SO"  long :   leaves  spatulate,  3- 
nerved:  bracts  absent :  fruit  \"  long,  deeply  notched  at  both  ends. — 
In  moist  upland  woods,  Little  Blue  Tank,  Lee's  Summit,  Grain  Valley. 
Locally  common.     June. 

2.  C.  heterophylla  Pursh.     2/-10/  long  :  leaves  obovate  and  3-nerved 
or  linear  :  bracts  present :  fruit  less  than  \"  long,  and  as  broad,  obovate, 
rounded  on  the  face,  shorter  than  the  styles. — In  ponds  along  the  Little 
Blue  from  Little  Blue  Tank  to  Atherton.     Local.     May-July. 

FAMILY  73.    ANACARDIACEAE  Lindl. 

Shrubs  or  vines  with  milky  juice,  alternate  leaves  and  polygamo-dioe- 
cious  or  perfect  regular  flowers.  Sepals,  petals  and  stamens  3-7  each. 
Ovary  1-celled,  1-ovuled.  Styles  three. 

1.     RHUS  L. 

Flowers  polygamous  in  panicles.  Sepals,  petals  and  stamens  five  each. 
Styles  terminal.  Fruit  symmetrical. 

Leaves  pinnately  many-foliolate. 

Leaf  rachis  wing-margined.  1.  R.  copallina. 

Leaf  rachis  not  wing  margined.  2.  E.  gldbra. 

Leaves  3-foliolate. 

Fruit  gray,  glabrous.  3.  E.  radicans. 

Fruit  reddish,  hairy. 

Leaflets  pubescent.  4.  E.  aromatica. 

Leaflets  glabrous.  5.  B.  trilobata. 

1.  R.  copallina  L.  BLACK  SUMAC.  5°-30°  high:  leaflets  9-21, 
ovate-lanceolate,  entire,  downy :  flowers  greenish  in  dense  terminal 
panicles  :  fruit  reddish,  hairy. — Common  in  dry  soil  throughout.  June- 
July. 


STAPHYLEACEAE  127 

2.  R.  glabra  L.     SMOOTH  SUMAC.     5°-30°  high  :  leaflets  11-31,  ovate- 
lanceolate,  serrate,  glahrous,  whitish  beneath  :  flowers  and  fruit  as  in 
No.  1. — Abundant  in  dry  soil  throughout.     June-July. 

3.  R.    radicans    L.     POISON    IVY.     A    climbing    vine :     leaflets   3, 
rhombic-ovate,  from   entire  to  strongly  serrate,  pubescent :    flowers  in 
axillary  panicles. — Very  abundant  throughout.     A  vile  nuisance.     May- 
June. 

4.  R.  aromatica  Marsh.     FE AGE ANT  SUMAC.     3°-10°  high  :  leaflets 
three,  ovate,  rhomboid,  pubescent,  unequally  crenate  or  crenate-dentate, 
l/-2/  long  :  flowers  in  spikes  developing  before  the  leaves. — Common  in 
rocky  woods  throughout.     April-May. 

5.  R.  trilobata  Nutt.     SKUNK   BUSH.     Resembles  the  last  but  the 
smaller  (V  or  less  long)  glabrous  leaflets  crenately  few-lobed  or  toothed. 
Adventized  at  Sheffield  ;  and  one  clump  native  in  a  barren  five  miles 
southeast  of  Grain  Valley.     April-May. 

FAMILY  74.    CELASTRACEAE  Lindl. 

Shrubs  or  vines  with  simple  leaves  and  regular  perfect  flowers.  Sepals, 
petals  and  stamens  4-5,  the  stamens  alternate  with  the  petals  and  inserted 
on  the  conspicuous  disk.  Ovary  2-5-celled,  with  two  ovules  in  each 
cell.  Fruit  a  fleshy  pod. 

Leaves  opposite  ;  shrub.  1.  EUONYMUS. 

Leaves  alternate  ;  a  vine.  2.  CELASTEUS. 

1.     EUONYMUS  L. 

Flowers  in  axillary  cymes.  Capsules  3-5-lobed,  the  seeds  enclosed  in  a 
red  aril. 

1.  E.  atropurpureus  Jacq.  BUENING  BUSH.  6°-20°  high  :  leaves 
ovate,  acuminate,  petioled,  serrate  :  petals  four,  purplish. — In  woods 
throughout,  but  not  common.  May-June. 

2.     CELASTRUS  L. 

Flowers  greenish,  in  terminal  racemes.  Pods  3-celled,  globose,  orange- 
colored,  the  seeds  enclosed  in  a  red  aril. 

1.  C.  scandens  L.  BITTERSWEET.  A  twining  vine  with  alternate, 
ovate,  petioled,  crenulate  leaves  :  petals  five,  whitish.— Not  uncommon 
in  woods  throughout,  especially  in  the  northern  part.  June. 

FAMILY  75.    STAPHYLEACEAE  DC. 

Shrubs  with  opposite  3-foliolate,  stipulate  leaves,  and  perfect,  regular 
flowers.  Sepals,  petals  and  stamens  five  each,  the  latter  inserted  on  a 
fleshly  disk.  Ovary  3-lobed,  with  1-many  ovules  in  each  cell. 

1.     STAPHYLEA  L. 

Flowers  white,  in  drooping  racemes  on  jointed  pedicels.  Fruit  a  large 
inflated,  bladdery  capsule. 


128  HIPPOCASTANACEAE 

1.  S.  trifolia  L.  BLADDERNUT.  4°-12°  high  :  leaflets  ovate,  acumi  - 
nate,  pointed,  finely  serrate. — Common  along  moist  rocky  bluffs,  espe- 
cially in  the  northern  part.  May. 

FAMILY  76.    ACERACEAE  St.  Hil. 

Trees  with  opposite  leaves  and  regular  polygamous  or  dioecious  flowers. 
Sepals  five.  Petals  five  (or  absent),  inserted  on  the  margin  of  the  disk. 
Stamens  3-12.  Ovary  2-lobed,  2-celled,  4-ovuled.  Fruit  of  two,  winged, 
1-seeded  samaras. 

1.     ACER  L. 
With  characters  of  the  family. 

Leaves  simple. 

Leaves  silvery  white  beneath.  1.  A.  saccharinum. 
Leaves  not  silvery  white  beneath. 

Leaves  smooth  beneath.  2.  A.  Saccharum. 

Leaves  minutely  downy  beneath.  3.  A.  nigrum. 

Leaves  3-7-foliolate.  4.  A .  Negundo. 

1.  A.  saccharinum  L.     WHITE  MAPLE.     50°-125°  high :  flowers  ap- 
pearing before  the  leaves,  in  sessile  lateral  clusters:  petals  none:  ovary 
tomentose:  leaves  deeply  5-lobed,  the  lobes  irregularly  dentate. — Com- 
mon along  streams.     March-April. 

2.  A.  Saccharum  Marsh.     SUGAR  MAPLE.     30°-100°    high:  flowers 
appearing  with  the  leaves,  drooping  on   long  capillary  hairy  pedicels  : 
petals  none :  leaves  3-5-lobed,  the  sinuses  rounded  and  the  lobes  irregu- 
larly sinuate. — Bluffs  from  Courtney  to  Levasy,  but  uncommon.     April- 
May.     Our  form  is  var.  barbatum  (Michx.)  Trelease. 

3.  A.  nigrum  Michx.     BLACK  SUGAR  MAPLE.     Differs  from  the  last 
in  the  leaf-lobes  being  broader  and  more  entire,  and  in  the  leaves  being 
downy  beneath. — Abundant  in  the  northeastern  part.     April-May. 

4.  A.  Negundo  L.     Box  ELDER.     30°-60°  high:  flowers  dioecious, 
appearing  before  the  leaves,  the  fertile  racemose  :  leaves  3-7-foliolate, 
the  ovate  leaflets  irregularly  dentate. — Common  throughout,  especially 
along  bluffs.     April-May. 

FAMILY  77.    HIPPOCASTANACEAE  T.  &  G. 

Woody  plants  with  opposite  palmately  several-foliolate  leaves,  and 
polygamous  flowers  in  terminal  panicles.  Calyx  5-lobed.  Petals  4-5, 
unequal,  clawed.  Stamens  about  7.  Ovary  3-celled,  8-ovuled.  Capsule 
hard  and  leathery. 

1.     AESCULUS  L. 

Characters  of  the  family. 

1.  A.  glabra  arguta  (Buckley)  Eobinson.  BUCKEYE.  HORSE  CHEST- 
NUT. 3°-30°  high  :  leaflets  5-9,  ovate- lanceolate,  serrate,  pubescent  or 
becoming  glabrate  :  flowers  yellow  :  stamens  exserted  :  fruit  at  maturity 
nearly  smooth. — Abundant  along  streams.  April-May. 


KHAMNACEAE  129 

FAMILY  78.    BALSAMINAOEAE  Lindl. 

Herbs  with  alternate,  petioled  leaves,  no  stipules  and  irregular  axillary 
flowers.  Sepals  three,  the  two  lateral  much  smaller  than  the  third  which 
is  long-spurred  and  petaloid.  Petals  three,  two  of  them  2-lobed. 
Stamens  five.  Ovary  5-celled,  many-ovuled.  Fruit  a  capsule  bursting 
elastically  by  the  five  spirally  coiled  valves. 

1.    IMPATIENS  L.    TOUCH-ME-NOT. 
Characters  of  the  family. 

Flowers  orange-yellow,  mottled.  1.  /.  Hflora. 

Flowers  light  yellow.  2.  /.  aurea. 

1.  I.   biflora    Walt.     2°-6°   high,    glabrous :    leaves    ovate-elliptic, 
coarsely  toothed  :  spur  of  sac  strongly  incurved,  half  as  long  as  sac. — 
Abundant  in  moist  woods.     May-September. 

2.  I.  aurea  Muhl.     Differs  from  the  last  in  having  pale  yellow,  spar- 
ingly mottled  flowers,  the  sac  contracted   into  an  abruptly  bent  but 
scarcely  incurved  spur,  one-third  the  length  of  the  sac. — Abundant  with 
the  last.     May-September. 

FAMILY  79.    RHAMNACEAE  Dumort. 

Woody  plants  with  simple  alternate  leaves  and  small  regular  flowers. 
Calyx  4-5-toothed.  Petals  4-5.  Stamens  4-5,  opposite  the  petals. 
Ovary  2-5-celled,  bearing  one  ovule  in  each  cell.  Stamens  and  petals 
inserted  on  the  edge  of  a  fleshy  disk. 

Flowers  greenish,  axillary.  1.  EHAMNUS. 

Flowers  white,  in  terminal  corymbs.  2.  CEANOTHUS. 

1.     RHAMNUS  L. 

Shrubs  with  axillary  cymose  flowers.  Petals  4-5,  short-clawed, 
wrapped  around  the  stamens.  Ovary  free.  Drupe  berry-like. 

1.  R.  lanceolata  Pursh.  BUCKTHOKN.  4°-12°  high  :  leaves  ovate- 
lanceolate,  serrulate,  glabrous  :  flowers  subdioecious  :  fruit  2-seeded. — 
Common  in  barrens,  especially  in  the  southern  part.  April-May. 

2.     CEANOTHUS  L.     NEW  JERSEY  TEA. 

Small  shrubs.  Petals  clawed,  hooded.  Lower  part  of  calyx  and  disk 
cohering  with  the  ovary.  Fruit  dry,  3-lobed,  3-seeded. 

Flowers  April-May.  1.   C.  ovatus  pubescens. 

Flowers  June- July.  2.   C.  Americanus. 

1.  C.  ovatus  pubescens  T.  &  G.     l°-5°  high  :  whole  plant  densely 
pubescent :  leaves  oval- lanceolate,  glandular-serrate  :  flowering  peduncles 
short. — Frequent  in  barrens,  especially  in  the  southern  part. 

2.  C.  Americanus  L.     Resembles  the  last  but  leaves  ovate  or  ovate- 
oblong  and  flowering  peduncles  long. — Prairies  and  barrens  throughout, 
but  less  frequent  than  the  last. 

9 


130  VITACEAE 

FAMILY  80.    VITACEAE  Lindl. 

Vines  with  alternate  and  small  regular  greenish  panicled  flowers. 
Calyx  minutely  4-5-toothed  or  entire.  Petals  4-5.  Stamens  4-5,  oppo- 
site the  petals.  Ovary  1,  2-6-celled,  with  1-2  ovules  in  each  cavity. 
Fruit  generally  a  2-celled,  4-seeded  berry. 

Leaves  simple. 

Petals  united  into  a  cap.  1.  VITIS. 

Petals  separate,  spreading.  2.  AMPELOPSIS. 

Leaves  compound.  3.  PARTHENOCISSUS. 

1.     VITIS  L. 

Tendril-hearing  vines  with  polygamo-dioecious  flowers  and  dentate 
leaves.  Petals  falling  off  without  separating.  Hypogynous  disk  present. 
Berries  edible. 

Leaves  with  a  bluish  tinge  beneath.  1.  V.  aestivalis. 

Leaves  white  woolly  beneath.  2.  V.  cinerea. 
Leaves  green  on  both  sides. 

Leaves  strongly  lobed.  3.  V.  vulpina. 

Leaves  rarely  lobed.  4.  V.  cordifolia. 

1.  V.  aestivalis  Michx.     SUMMER  GRAPE.    Branches  terete,  glabrous  : 
leaves  crenately  toothed  and  more  or  less  lobed,  rusty-pubescent  beneath  : 
berries  6"  wide  with  a  bloom. — Thickets  near  Independence,  Courtney 
and  Lake  City.     May-June. 

2.  V.  cinerea  Engelm.     DOWNY  GRAPE.     Branches  angled,  floccose- 
pubescent :   leaves  more  or  less  angled,  crenately  toothed  :   berries  4X/ 
wide,  without  bloom. — Common  in  thickets.     June. 

3.  V.  vulpina  L.     JUNE  GRAPE.     Branches  terete,  glabrous :  leaves 
sharply  serrate,  nearly  glabrous  :  berries  4/x  wide,  in  dense  clusters,  with 
a  bloom.     Common  in  thickets.     May-June. 

4.  V.  cordifolia   Michx.     FROST    GRAPE.     Branches    terete,   rather 
pubescent :  leaves  crenate-serrate,  glabrous  or  pubescent  beneath  :  berries 
3"  wide,  in  long  clusters.     Not  uncommon  in  woods.     June. 

2.     AMPELOPSIS  Michx. 

Differs  from  Vitis  chiefly  in  having  spreading  separate  petals  and  ined- 
ible berries. 

1.  A.  cordata  Michx.  FALSE  GRAPE.  Leaves  heart-shaped,  coarsely 
serrate,  sometimes  slightly  lobed,  nearly  glabrous :  flowers  in  small  pan- 
icles :  berries  green  and  blue  mottled. — Abundant  in  low  woods.  June. 

3.     PARTHENOCISSUS  Planch. 

Vines  with  disk-bearing  tendrils  and  digitately  compound  leaves. 
Petals  spreading.  Hypogynous  disk  wanting.  Berries  inedible. 

1.  P.  quinquefolia  (L. )  Planch.  VIRGINIA  CREEPER.  Leaflets  oval 
to  oblong-lanceolate,  toothed,  sessile  or  stalked,  glabrous  to  downy  :  pan- 
icle large  :  berries  blue. — Common  in  woods  throughout.  July. 


MALVACEAE  131 

FAMILY  81.    TILIACEAE  Juss. 

Trees  with  alternate  leaves  and  perfect  flowers.  Sepals  and  petals  five 
each,  the  latter  imbricated  in  the  bud.  Stamens  numerous.  Ovary  1, 
2-10-celled.  Fruit  1-10-celled. 

1.     TILIA  L. 

Flowers  yellowish,  in  axillary  cymes,  the  base  of  the  peduncle  united 
to  a  membranous  bract.  Petals  bearing  small  scales  at  the  base.  Sta- 
mens 5-delphous.  Ovary  5-celled.  Fruit  indehiecent,  1-2-seeded. 

1.  T.  Americana  L.  BASS  WOOD.  50°-125°  high  :  leaves  obliquely 
ovate,  cordate  at  base,  sharply  serrate  :  flowers  very  fragrant. — Common 
throughout  along  streams.  June-July. 

FAMILY  82.    MALVACEAE  Neck. 

Herbs  or  shrubs  with  alternate  leaves  and  usually  perfect  flowers. 
Sepals  and  petals  five  each,  the  latter  convolute  in  the  bud.  Stamens 
numerous,  monadelphous,  forming  a  column  around  the  pistil  and  united 
with  the  claws  of  the  petals.  Ovary  several- celled,  with  1-several  ovules 
in  each  cell. 

Seeds  solitary  in  each  cell. 
Flowers  pinkish. 

Carpels  beakless.  1.  MALVA. 

Carpels  beaked.  2.  CALLIRRHOE. 

Flowers  yellow. 

Involucral  bractlets  present.  3.  MALVASTRUM. 

Involucral  bracts  none.  4.  SIDA. 

Seeds  many  in  each  cell. 

Involucels  none.  5.  ABUTILON. 

Involucels  present.  6.  HIBISCUS. 

1.     MALVA  L. 

Involucel  bracts  three.  Column  of  stamens  anther-bearing  at  the  sum- 
mit. Styles  stigmatic  on  the  inner  side. 

Stems  tall,  erect. 

Leaf  margins  not  wrinkled  or  crisped  1.  M.  sylvestris. 

Leaf  margins  crisped  and  wrinkled.  2.  M.  verticillata  crispa. 

Stems  procumbent.  3.  M.  rotundifolia. 

1.  M.  sylvestris  L.     HIGH  MALLOW.     2°-4°  high :    leaves  cordate, 
orbicular,  sharply  lobed  and  serrate :  flowers  axillary,  12//-15//  broad, 
pinkish. — Rarely  escaped  in  waste  places.    Independence,  Sibley.    July- 
September. 

2.  M.  verticillata  crispa  L.     CRISPED  MALLOW.     Like  the  last  but 
leaves  crisped  and  flowers  but  4//-7//  broad. — Waste  [places.     Indepen- 
dence.    Rare.     July-September. 

3.  M.  rotundifolia  L.     CHEESES.     Leaves  orbicular- cor  date,  crenate, 
often  lobed,  long-petioled  :  petals  pinkish-white  :  flowers  4//-7//  broad. 
— In  waste  places  throughout  but  not  common.     May-October. 


132  MALVACEAE 

2.     CALLIRRHOE  Nutt.     POPPY  MALLOW. 
Involucel  bracts  three  or  none.     Styles  and  stigmas  as  in  Malva. 

Involucel  bracts  none.  1.  C.  alceoides. 

Involucel  bracts  three.  2.  C.  involucrata. 

1.  C.  alceoides  (Michx.)  Gray.     1°  high,  erect:  leaves  triangular- 
heart-shaped,  5-7-lobed,  the  divisions  linear  to  ovate,  toothed  :  flowers 
light  pink,  V  broad. — Occurs  rarely  as  a  waif  at  Sheffield.    May- June. 

2.  C.  involucrata  (T.  &  G.)  Gray.     l°-3°  long,  spreading:  leaves  or- 
bicular, palmately  lobed,  the  lobes  cleft  and  toothed :  flowers  reddish, 
purple,  \f-W  broad. — Rarely  occurs  as  a  waif  near  Sheffield  and  Green- 
wood.    June-August. 

3.    MALVASTRUM  A.  Gray. 

Stamen  column  anther-bearing  at  summit.  Stigmas  capitate.  Seeds 
ascending. 

1.  M.  angustum  A.  Gray.  YELLOW  MALLOW.  Annual,  6/-20/  high, 
appressed -pubescent :  leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  dentate  :  flowers  axillary  : 
bractlets  setaceous  :  petals  small :  sepals  enlarging  in  fruit. — Often  com- 
mon in  barrens,  especially  in  the  southern  part.  June-September. 

4.     SIDA  L. 

Differs  from  Malvastrum  chiefly  in  having  pendulous  seeds. 

1.  S.  spinosa  L.  PEICKLY  MALLOW.  Annual,  l°-2°  high  :  leaves 
ovate-lanceolate,  serrate,  bearing  2  or  3  small  tubercles  at  the  base  of  the 
slender  petiole  :  flowers  axillary,  2//-4//  broad. — Abundant  in  open 
grounds.  July-October. 

5.     ABUTILON  L. 

Involucels  none.  Stamen  column  anther-bearing  at  apex.  Stigmas 
capitate. 

1.  A.  Avicennae  Gaertn.  VELVET  LEAF.  Annual,  2°-6°  high,  vel- 
vety-pubescent :  leaves  cordate,  acuminate,  long-petioled,  crenulate : 
flowers  yellow,  axillary,  6"  broad. — A  common  weed  in  waste  places. 
June-October. 

6.     HIBISCUS  L. 

Involucel  bractlets  numerous.  Stamen  column  anther-bearing  for  much 
of  its  length.  Stigmas  capitate.  Ovary  5- celled. 

Glabrous  perennial.  1.  H.  militaris. 

Hairy  annual.  2.  H.  Trionum. 

1.  H.  militaris  Cav.     ROSE  MALLOW.     Bushy,  3°-8°  high  :  leaves  tri- 
angular in  outline,  strongly   3-parted,  toothed  :   flowers  pinkish,  3/-5/ 
broad. — Locally  common  in  swamps  near  Sibley,  Atherton  and  Leeds. 
June-September. 

2.  H.  Trionum  L.     FLO WER-OF-AN- HOUR.     l°-2°  high  :  leaves  3-7- 
lobed,  the  lobes  toothed  and  cleft :  flowers  yellow  with  a  black  center : 


ELATINACEAE  133 

fruiting  calyx  inflated. — Adventized  in  fields  and  along  roads  throughout. 
Rather  common.     June-September. 

FAMILY  83.    HYPERICACEAE  Lindl. 

Herbs  with  opposite,  entire,  punctate  or  black-dotted  leaves,  and 
cymose-paniculate  regular  and  perfect  flowers.  Sepals  and  petals  5  each. 
Stamens  few-many,  often  in  sets.  Ovary  1-celled  with  3-5  parietal 
placentae  or  3-5-celled.  Ovules  numerous.  Leaves  usually  sessile. 

1.    HYPERICUM  L.    ST.  JOHN'S  WORT. 
Characters  of  the  family  as  given  above. 

Flowers  l'-2'  broad.  1.  H.  Ascyron. 
Flowers  3//-12//  broad. 

Stems  4-angled.  2.  H.  sphaerocarpum. 
Stems  terete. 

Leaves  clasping  at  base.  3.  H.  maculatum. 

Leaves  tapering  to  base.  4.  H.  corymbosum. 

Flowers  l"-2"  broad.  5.  H.  mutilum. 

1.  H.   Ascyron  L.     3°-6°  high  :  leaves  ovate-oblong  :  pods  5-celled  : 
styles  5  :  stamens  numerous,  5-adelphous. — In  woods  near  Independence, 
Courtney  and  Atherton.    Very  local.     July-August. 

2.  H.  sphaerocarpum  Michx.     l°-2£°  high :   leaves  oblong-linear  : 
pods  1-celled  :  styles  three  :  stamens  numerous,  not  in  groups. — On  rocky 
banks  and  in  low  grounds  throughout.     Rather  common.     July-August. 

3.  H.  maculatum  Walt.     l°-2°  high  :  leaves  oblong-elliptic,  strongly 
black-dotted,  as  are  the  petals  and  sepals  :  pods  3-celled  :  styles  3  :  sta- 
mens numerous.  3-  or  5-adelphous. — Not  uncommon  on  low  prairies  in 
the  southern  part.     July-September. 

4.  H.  corymbosum  Muhl.     Like  the  last  but  leaves  strongly  tapering 
at  base  and  less  black-dotted  :  sepals  hardly  dotted. — Frequent  in  woods, 
especially  in  the  northern  part.     July-September. 

5.  H.  mutilum  L.    6/-24/  high  :  leaves  ovate-oblong  :  pods  1-celled  : 
styles  3 :  stamens  5-12.      Locally  common  in   low   grounds.     Adams, 
Courtney,  Buckner.     July-September. 

FAMILY  84.    ELATINACEAE  Lindl. 

Herbs  with  opposite  stipulate  leaves  and  axillary  regular  and  perfect 
flowers.  Sepals,  petals  and  stamens  2-5  each.  Ovary  2-5-celled  and 
styles  2-5.  Ovules  numerous.  Seeds  striate. 

Parts  of  the  flowers  in  twos  and  fours.  1.  ELATINE. 

Parts  of  the  flower  in  fives.  2.  BERGIA. 

1.     ELATINE  L. 

Small  glabrous  marsh  herbs. 

1.  E.  Americana  (Pursh)  Am.  WATERWORT.  6//-18//  long  :  leaves 
obovate,  entire,  W-Z"  long :  parts  of  the  flowers  in  twos :  seeds  more 


134  VIOLACEAE 

than  20-striate. — In  a  ditch  near  the  railroad  depot  at  Atherton.     June- 
July. 

2.     BERGIA  L. 
Erect  pubescent  herbs. 

1.  B.  Texana  (Hook.)  Seub.  4/-12/  high  :  leaves  6"-8"  long,  spatu- 
late,  serrate  :  petals  white,  scarious,  persistent — Twice  collected  on  sand- 
bars along  the  Missouri  River  near  Courtney.  July-October. 

FAMILY  85.     CISTACEAE  Lindl. 

Herbs  with  opposite  or  alternate  leaves  and  regular  flowers.  Sepals 
and  petals  3  or  5  each.  Stamens  few-many.  Ovary  solitary,  1 -several  - 
celled.  Ovules  stalked.  Two  outer  sepals  smaller  than  the  three  inner 
or  wanting. 

Petals  five,  fugacious.  1.  HELIANTHEMUM. 

Petals  three,  persistent.  2.  LECHEA. 

1.     HELIANTHEMUM   Pers. 

Early  flowers  petaliferous,  the  later  apetalous.  Stamens  3-10.  Cap- 
sule 1-celled,  few-seeded. 

1.  H.  majus  (L.)  B.S.P.  FEOSTWEED.  l°-2°  high,  hoary-canes- 
cent  :  leaves  oblong-lanceolate :  petaliferous  flowers  5-12,  their  capsules 
2"  in  diameter :  apetalous  flowers  numerous,  their  capsules  17/  in  di- 
ameter.— Very  local  in  dry  soil  near  Dodson,  Eaytown,  Greenwood  and 
Grain  Valley.  May- June. 

2.     LECHEA   L.     PINWEED. 

Petals  small  and  inconspicuous.  Stamens  3-12.  Stigmas  prominent, 
three.  Pods  partly  3-celled,  6-seeded.  Sterile  leafy  basal  shoots  are  de- 
veloped late  in  the  season. 

Leaves  oval-oblong.  1.  L.  villosa. 

Leaves  linear.  2.  L.  tenuifolia. 

1.  L.  villosa  Ell.     Tufted,  erect,  K/-18'  high,  villous  :   leaves  ovate 
to  oblong-oval. — Three  miles  south  of  Sni  Mills  in  sandy  woods.     Rare. 
June-October. 

2.  L.  tenuifolia  Michx.     Tufted  and  spreading,  4/-8/  high,  appressed- 
pubescent :  leaves  all  linear  :  sepals  1-nerved. — Locally  frequent  in  sandy 
soil  four  miles  southeast  of  Grain  Valley,  and  three  miles  south  of  Sni 
Mills.     June-October. 

FAMILY  86.    VIOLACEAE  DC. 

Herbs  with  stipulate,  usually  alternate  or  basal,  leaves,  and  perfect  more 
or  less  irregular  flowers.  Sepals,  petals  and  stamens  five  each.  Ovary 
1-celled  with  three  parietal  placentae. 

Sepals  auricled  at  base.  1.  VIOLA. 

Sepals  not  auricled  at  base.  2.  CUBELIUM. 


VIOLACEAE  135 

1.     VIOLA  L. 

Early  flowers  petaliferous  and  showy,  the  lower  petal  spurred  at  base. 
Two  lower  stamens  spurred.     Later  flowers  cleistogamous  and  very  fertile. 

Plants  caulescent. 

Flowers  yellow.  1.    V.  scabriuscula. 

Flowers  bluish.  2.    V.  Eafinesquii. 

Plants  acaulescent ;  flowers  purple. 
Leaves  lobed  or  parted. 

Petioles  glabrate.  3.    V.  pedatifida. 

Petioles  strongly  pubescent.  4.    V.  Bernardi. 

Leaves  merely  crenate  or  dentate. 

Stem  and  leaves  strongly  pubescent.  5     V.  sororia. 

Stems  and  leaves  sparingly  pubescent.  6.    V.  cuspidnta. 

Stem  and  leaves  glabrate. 

Leaves  triangular-ovate.  7.    V.  Missouriensis. 

Leaves  reniform-cordate.  8.    V.  pratincola. 

1.  V.  scabriuscula    (T.  &  G.)   Schwein.     YELLOW  VIOLET.     Stems 
3/-12/  high,  clustered,  erect  or  ascending,  glabrate  to  pubescent :  leaves 
orbicular-ovate,  acute,  crenate-dentate,  the  basal  present  at  flowering 
time:  stipules  ovate-lanceolate  :  capsules  glabrous. — Common  in  woods 
throughout.     April-May. 

2.  V.  Rafinesquii    Greene.     WILD    PANSY.     Annuals,    S'-KK  high, 
glabrous  :  leaves  lanceolate  to    cordate,  crenate-dentate :  stipules  foli- 
aceous,  tyrate-pinnatifid. — Along  roads  and  in  dry  woods  throughout. 
Not  uncommon.     April-May. 

3.  V.  pedatifida  Don.     PKAIRIE    VIOLET.     2/-10/   high,  glabrous : 
leaves  palmately  parted  into  5-7  linear  segments,  the  segments  obtuse 
and  more  or  less  lobed.     Often  common  in  dry  oak  woods  and  on  prairies 
throughout  the  southern  part.     April-May. 

4.  V.  Bernardi  Greene.     BERNARD'S   VIOLET.     2/-10/  high,   pubes- 
cent :  leaves  palmately  incised  or  cleft  into  5-9  oblong  or  ovate-oblong 
segments,  the  segments  usually  somewhat  serrate  and  lobed,  pubescent 
beneath  and  ciliate. — Rather  common  on  prairies  and  in  dry  oak  woods 
throughout  the  southern  part.     April-May. 

5.  V.  sororia  Willd.  HAIRY  VIOLET.  3/-10/  high,  villous :  leaves 
orbicular  to  reniform,  acute  or  obtuse:  cleistogamous  flowers  on  short 
spreading  peduncles. — Not  uncommon  in  dry  grounds.  April-May. 

6.  V.  cuspidata  Greene.     WOOD   VIOLET.     2/-6/  high  at   flowering 
time  :    leaves  and  petioles  more  or  less  pubescent,  but  not  glabrous  : 
leaves  cordate-reniform  :  sepals  ciliate  :  petals  usually  dark  blue  :  cleis- 
togamous flowers  on  spreading  peduncles. — Our  most  common  species,  in 
woods.     April-May. 

7.  V.   Missouriensis    Greene.     MISSOURI    VIOLET.      2/-5/    high    at 
flowering  time,  perfectly  smooth  :  leaves  twice  as  long  as  wide,  triangu- 
lar-ovate :   sepals   little  if  at  all  ciliate  :  petals  usually  bluish- white  : 
peduncles  of  cleistogamous  flowers  spreading  to  erect,  4X  or  less  long. — 
Sandy  soil  along  streams.    Frequent.     April-May. 


136  LYTHRACEAE 

8.  V.  pratlncola  SWAMP  VIOLET.  Often  8'-10'  high  at  flowering 
time,  glabrous :  leaves  as  wide  as  long :  sepals  glabrous  :  petals  bright 
blue :  peduncles  of  cleistogamous  flowers  spreading. — Wet  prairies 
throughout  especially  in  the  southern  part.  Locally  common.  April- 
May. 

2.     CUBELIUM  Raf. 

Caulescent  leafy  herbs  with  axillary  greenish  flowers  borne  on  short 
recurved  pedicels.  Lower  petal  slightly  spurred  at  base.  Stamens  syn- 
genesious. 

1.  C.  concolor  (Forst.)  Raf.  GREEN  VIOLET.  l°-2°  high,  pubes- 
cent :  leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  tapering  at  both  ends,  petioled,  nearly 
entire. — Occasionally  in  rich  woods  throughout.  April-May. 

FAMILY  87.    LOASAOEAE  Reichenb. 

Herbs  with  alternate,  non-stipulate  leaves  and  cymose  regular  and  per- 
fect flowers.  Calyx-tube  adnate  to  the  ovary,  its  limb  4-5-lobed.  Petals 
4-5,  inserted  with  the  numerous  stamens  on  the  calyx  throat.  Ovary 
1-celled,  with  2-3  parietal  placentae. 

1.     MENTZELIA    L. 

Characters  of  the  family. 

1.  M.  oligosperma  Nutt.  STICK  LEAF.  l°-3°  high  :  leaves  ovate  to 
oblong,  short-petioled,  coarsely  dentate,  very  sticky,  rough-pubescent : 
flowers  yellow,  107'  broad,  diurnal :  stamens  20-30. — On  limestone  banks. 
Dodson,  Adams,  Tarsney,  Lee's  Summit.  Local.  June-August. 

FAMILY  88.     CAOTACEAE  Lindl. 

Plants  with  very  much  thickened  and  spiny  stems.  Leaves  absent  or 
small  and  inconspicuous.  Flowers  sessile,  solitary,  large  and  showy. 
Sepals,  petals  and  stamens  numerous.  Ovary  inferior,  1-celled,  with 
numerous  ovules.  Fruit  a  berry. 

1.     OPUNTIA  Mill. 

Stems  branching,  jointed.  Leaves  awl-shaped,  deciduous,  bearing 
bristles  and  spines  in  their  axils.  Flowers  yellow,  opening  in  sunshine. 

1.  O.  humifusa  Raf.  PRICKLY  PEAR.  Prostrate  spreading  :  joints 
obovate,  3X-5X  long,  2/-3/  wide:  spines  white,  G^-IS"  long,  1-4  to- 
gether :  bristles  reddish-brown  :  fruit  not  spiny. — Rather  common  in 
rocky  places  and  barrens  throughout  the  southern  part.  June. 

FAMILY  89.    LYTHEACEAE  Lindl. 

Herbs  with  opposite  (except  in  Ly thrum)  non-stipulate  leaves  and 
axillary  flowers.  Calyx  gamosepalous,  often  bearing  accessory  teeth. 
Petals  and  stamens  inserted  on  the  calyx.  Ovary  superior,  1-4-celled, 
many-ovuled.  Style  one.  Stigmas  capitate  or  2-lobed. 


LYTHRACEAE  137 

Flowers  regular. 
Stamens  four. 

Petals  none.  1.  DIDIPLIS. 

Petals  present. 

Leaves  auriculate  or  clasping.  2.  AMMANNIA. 

Leaves  tapering  at  base.  3.  ROTALA. 

Stamens  six  to  twelve.  4.  LYTHRUM. 

Flowers  irregular.  5.  PARSONSIA. 

1.  DIDIPLIS  Raf. 

Aquatics  with  linear  leaves.  Calyx  hemispheric,  4-lobed,  not  appen- 
daged.  Capsule  globose,  indehiscent,  2-celled. 

.  1.  D.  diandra  (Nutt.)  Wood.  WATER  PURSLANE.  2/-10/  long  : 
flowers  small. — In  ponds  at  Lake  City  and  Sibley.  Common  at  times. 
July-October. 

2.  AMMANNIA  L. 

Flowers  in  axillary  cymes.  Calyx  globular,  4-angled,  4-toothed, 
often  with  accessory  teeth.  Capsule  globular,  2-4-celled,  irregularly 
dehiscent. 

Cymes  sessile.  1.  A.  coccinea. 

Cymes  plainly  peduncled.  2.  A.  auriculata. 

1.  A.  coccinea   Rottb.     4/-20/  high  :   leaves  linear-oblong  :   flowers 
1-5  together :  calyx  with  four  accessory  teeth  :  petals  purplish  :  styles 
elongated,  slender  :  pods  oblong-orbicular,  usually  shorter  than  the  calyx, 
2£//-3//  high. — Common  on  muddy  banks  throughout. 

2.  A.  auriculata  Willd.     Resembles  the  last  but  usually  more  slender 
and  branching  :  calyx  usually  without  accessory  teeth  :  capsules  nearly 
orbicular,  exceeding  the  calyx,  2"  high. — In  similar  situations  as  the  last, 
and  about  as  common. 

3.     ROTALA  L. 

Differs  from  Ammannia  in  having  a  septicidal  capsule,  the  valves  mi- 
nutely densely  striate. 

1.  R.  ramosior  (L.)  Koehne.  Ascending,  1/-15'  high  :  leaves  spatu- 
late  or  linear-oblong  :  flowers  bi-bracteolate,  usually  solitary  in  the  axils. 
— On  muddy  banks  throughout.  Not  uncommon.  June-September. 

4.     LYTHRUM  L. 

Calyx  tube  cylindric,  8-12-striate,  with  4-7  teeth  and  as  many  appen- 
dages. Petals  4-7,  obovate.  Capsules  2-celled. 

1.  L.  alatum  Pursh.  LOOSESTRIFE.  Perennial,  l°-3°  high,  glabrous  : 
leaves  ovate- lanceolate  with  a  rounded  base,  acute,  alternate  or  opposite  : 
flowers  pinkish-purple,  conspicuous. — Common  in  low  grounds.  June- 
September. 

5.     PARSONSIA  P.  Br. 

Calyx  12-ribbed,  gibbous  at  the  base,  oblique  at  the  mouth,  12-toothed. 
Petals  6,  unequal.  Stamens  11  or  12,  unequal.  Capsule  1-celled,  few- 
seeded,  dehiscent. 


138  ONAGRACEAE 

1.  P.  petiolata  (L. )  Rusby.  TAR  WEED.  A  viscid-pubescent  annual, 
G'-IS'  high :  leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  petioled,  entire  :  petals  purple. — 
Often  very  abundant  on  dry  hills.  July-September. 

FAMILY  90.    ONAQ-RACEAE    Dumort. 

Herbs  with  regular  perfect  flowers,  the  parts  in  twos,  fours  or  more. 
Calyx  tube  adnate  to  and  sometimes  prolonged  beyond  the  ovary.  Sta- 
mens and  petals  (when  present)  inserted  on  the  summit  of  the  calyx 
tube.  Ovary  1-4-celled.  Stigma  capitate  or  four-lobed.  Ovules 
numerous. 

Parts  of  the  flowers  in  fours  or  more. 
Seeds  not  long  silky-tufted. 

Calyx  tube  divided  to  summit  of  ovary. 

Stamens  4.  1.  LUDWIGIA. 

Stamens  8-12.  2.  JUSSIAEA. 

Calyx  tube  prolonged  beyond  the  ovary. 
Flowers  yellow. 

Stigmas  4-lobed.  4.  OENOTHERA. 

Stigma  discoid.  6.  MERIOLIX. 

Flowers  reddish  to  white. 

Ovary  4-celled.  5.  HARTMANNIA. 

Ovary  1-celled.  7.  GAURA. 

Seeds  long  si  Iky- tufted.  3.  EPILOBIUM. 

Parts  of  the  flower  in  twos.  8.  CIRCAEA. 

1.  LUDWIGIA  L. 

Herbs  with  axillary  flowers  and  entire  leaves  (in  ours).  Parts  of  the 
flowers  in  fours. 

Leaves  opposite.  1.  L.  palustris. 
Leaves  alternate. 

Petals  none  or  minute.  2.  L.  polycarpa. 

Petals  large  and  conspicuous.  3.  L.  alternifolia. 

1.  L.  palustris  (L.)  Ell.     MARSH  PURSLANE.     Creeping  or  floating  : 
leaves  ovate,  petioled  :   petals  minute  or  none  :   flowers  nearly  sessile  : 
capsule  4-sided. — Ponds  and  low  grounds  in  the  vicinity  of  Lake  City. 
Infrequent.     July-September. 

2.  L.  polycarpa  Short  &  Peter.     1°-2|°  high  :  leaves  linear-lanceolate, 
those  of  the  runners  spatulate :  flowers  sessile  :  capsule  top-shaped,  bracted 
at  base. — Low  grounds  near  Lake  City  and  Sibley.     Local.     July-Sep- 
tember. 

3.  L.  alternifolia  L.     l°-3°  high  :   leaves  lanceolate  :   flowers  short- 
peduncled  :  capsules  cubical,   wing-angled. — Frequent  in  moist  places 
throughout.     June-September. 

2.  JUSSIAEA  L. 

Calyx  tube  elongated.     Capsule  long-linear. 

1.  J.  diffusa  Forskl.  Creeping  :  leaves  oval-oblong,  entire,  petioled  : 
petals  yellow,  five  :  sepals  five  :  capsules  long-peduncled,  linear,  terete.- 


ONAGKACEAE  139 

On  mud  flats  along  the  Missouri  River,  especially  near  Courtney.    August- 
October. 

3.    EPILOBIUM  L.     WILLOW  HERB. 

Calyx  tube  somewhat  prolonged  beyond  the  ovary.     Parts  of  the  flowers 
in  fours.     Capsules  linear.     Flowers  in  upper  axils. 

Leaves  linear.  1.  E.  lineare. 

Leaves  lanceolate.  2.  E.  coloratum. 

1.  E.  lineare  Muhl.     l°-2°  high,  canescent :  leaves  entire,  short-peti- 
oled. — In  a  bog  two  miles  west  of  Sibley.     Uncommon.     July-October. 

2.  E.  coloratum  Muhl.     l°-3°  high,  hoary-pubescent  :  leaves  sharply 
serrulate,  short-petioled :  seeds  beakless,  the  coma  with  a  slight  reddish 
tinge. — In  low  grounds  near  Leeds,  Grain  Valley,  Courtney  and  Sibley. 
Locally  common.     August-October. 

4.     OENOTHERA  L.     YELLOW  EVENING  PRIMROSE. 
Flowers  nocturnal.     Flower  parts  in  fours.     Stamens  equal  in  length. 
Capsules  elongated-cylindric.     Seeds  horizontal  or  ascending.     Flowers 
spicate,  or  axillary  in  No.  1. 

Stems  decumbent  and  spreading.  1.  0.  laciniata. 
Stems  tall  and  erect. 

Petals  acute-pointed.  2.  0.  rhombipetala. 
Petals  emarginate. 

Capsules  little  pubescent.  3.  0.  Uennis. 

Capsule  strongly  pubescent.  4.  0.  strigosa. 

1.  O.  laciniata  Hill.     1°  or  less  high,  appressed -pubescent :  leaves 
sinuate-toothed  or  pinnatifid  :   flowers  3//-12//  broad  :   capsules  linear, 
hairy. — Rather  common  in  sandy  soil   in  the  Missouri  River   bottoms. 
May-July. 

Var.  grandis  Britton.     Flowers  24//-30//  broad.— Occasionally  adven- 
tized  near  Sheffield  and  Leeds.     May-July. 

2.  O.  rhombipetala  Nutt.     2°-4°  high,  appressed-pubescent :   leaves 
linear- lanceolate,  somewhat  denticulate  :  flowers  \\'  broad,  in  long  leafy 
spikes. — Sandy  bottoms  from  Sheffield  to  Courtney.     Infrequent.    June- 
September. 

3.  O.  biennis  L.     2°-5°  high,  pubescent  :  leaves  lanceolate  to  oblong- 
lanceolate,  repand-denticulate  :   flowers  \\f  broad  :  capsules  \\f  or  less 
long,  appressed-pubescent. — Common  in  dry  soil  throughout.    Very  vari- 
ables.    July-September. 

4.  O.  strigosa  (Rydb.)  Mackenzie  &  Bush,  n.  comb.     Strongly  resem- 
bles the  last,  but  stem  strigose  and  capsules  copiously  pubescent. — Not 
uncommon   throughout,   especially  in  the  southern  part.     (0.   liennis 
strigosa  Rydb. ) 

5.     HARTMANNIA  Spach. 

Flowers  diurnal.     Parts  in  fours.     Stamens  unequal.     Stigma  4-cleft. 
Capsules  club-shaped,  4-ribbed  and  4-winged. 


140  HALOKAGIDACEAE 


1.  H.  speciosa  (Nutt.)  Small.  WHITE  EVENING  PRIMROSE.  6'- 24' 
high,  puberulent :  leaves  lanceolate,  sinuate-denticulate :  flowers  1A-3' 
broad,  rose- colored  to  white,  showy. — Abundant  in  barrens  throughout 
the  southern  part.  May-June. 

6.     MERIOLIX  Raf. 

Flowers  axillary,  the  parts  in  fours.  Stamens  equal.  Calyx  tubes 
short.  Capsules  linear-cylindric. 

1.  M.  serrulata  (Nutt.)  Walp.  YELLOW  EVENING  PRIMROSE.  8'- 
15'  high,  canescent  :  leaves  linear-lanceolate,  denticulate  :  flowers  6"- 
18"  broad. — Rarely  adventized  near  Sheffield.  May-June. 

7.     GAURA   L. 

Flowers  spicate-racemose.  Parts  of  the  flower  in  fours.  Petals  clawed. 
Filaments  8,  each  with  a  scale  at  base.  Fruit  indehiscent,  ribbed, 
1-celled,  1-4-seeded. 

Plants  3°-5°  high. 

Stems  long-hirsute.  1.  G.  parviflora. 

Stems  appressed-pubescent.  2.  G.  bienms. 

Plants  l°-2°  high.  3.  G.  coccinea. 

1.  G.  parviflora  Dougl.     Stems  3°-5°  high,  long-pubescent :   leaves 
ovate-lanceolate,  repand-dentioulate :  flowers  2"  broad  :  fruit  4-angled, 
glabrous. — Rather  common  in  dry  soil,  especially  around  Kansas  City. 
May-August. 

2.  G.  biennis  L.     3°-5°  high,  appressed-pubescent :   leaves  oblong- 
lanceolate,  denticulate  :  flowers  4//-5//  broad,  light  pink  :  fruit  4-ribbed, 
pubescent. — Not  uncommon  in  dry  soil  throughout.     July-September. 

3.  G.  coccinea  Pursh.     l°-2°  high,  canescent :  leaves  lanceolate-ob- 
long,  repand-denticulate :    flowers   4//-5//   broad,   reddish-pink :    fruit 
4-sided  above,  canescent. — Rarely  adventized  near  Sheffield  and  Ather- 
ton.     May- July. 

8.     CIRCABA  L. 

Perennial  with  racemose  whitish  flowers,  and  opposite  long-petioled 
leaves.  Fruit  1-2-celled,  1-2-seeded,  densely  bristly  with  hooked  hairs. 

1.  C.  Lutetiana  L.  ENCHANTER'S  NIGHTSHADE.  l°-2°  high  :  leaves 
ovate,  toothed  :  flowers  \\"  broad.  Abundant  in  rich  woods  throughout. 
June-August. 

FAMILY  91.    HALORAGIDACEAE  Kl.  &  Garcke. 
Aquatic  herbs  with  small  sessile  axillary  flowers.     Calyx  tube  coherent 
with  the  ovary.     Petals  0-4.     Stamens  1-8.     Ovary  1-4 -celled,  each  cell 
containing  a  single  ovule. 

1.     MYRIOPHYLLUM  L. 

Flowers  monoecious  or  polygamous,  the  parts  in  fours.  Leaves  whorled, 
the  submersed  pinnately  divided,  the  emersed  variously  cut. 


UMBE  LLIFERAE  141 

1.  M.  pinnatum  (Walt.)  B.S.P.  WATER  MILFOIL.  Emersed  leaves 
linear,  serrate  :  fruit  2-ridged  and  scabrous. — Ponds  at  Lake  City  and 
near  Sibley.  Common  at  times.  June-September. 

FAMILY  92.     ARALIACEAE  Vent. 

Plants  with  usually  polygamous  flowers.  Calyx  lobes  and  petals  five. 
Stamens  five,  alternate  with  the  petals.  Ovary  inferior,  1-several-celled, 
as  many  styles,  and  one  ovule  in  each  cell. 

1.     PANAX  L. 

Herbs  from  aromatic  roots.  Leaves  verticillate,  digitately  compound. 
Flowers  in  a  terminal  umbel.  Fruit  a  reddish  berry. 

1.  P.  quinquefolium  L.  GINSENG.  1°  high  :  leaflets  five,  obovate, 
stalked,  acuminate,  serrate  :  fruit  usually  two-seeded. — Rocky  woods 
along  the  Missouri  bluffs  from  Kansas  City  to  Atherton.  Local  and  un- 
common. June-July. 

FAMILY  93.    UMBELLIFERAE  B.  Juss. 

Herbs  with  usually  compound  leaves  and  umbellate  flowers.  Calyx 
teeth  five  or  obsolete.  Petals  and  stamens  five  each,  inserted  on  the  disk 
crowning  the  summit  of  the  inferior  2-celled,  2-ovuled  ovary.  Styles 
two.  Fruit  consisting  of  two  carpels,  each  marked  with  five  main  and 
often  with  four  additional  ribs,  often  with  oil  tubes  between  the  ribs,  or 
the  ribs  winged. 

Leaves  linear,  spiny.  6.  ERYNGIUM. 

Leaves  digitately  3-7-foliolate  ;  fruit  bristly.  7.  SANICULA. 

Leaves  3-foliolate  ;  fruit  smooth.  16.  BERING  A. 
Leaves  pinnately  compound  or  decompound. 
Flowers  yellow. 

Plants  acaulescent.  4.  LOMATIUM. 


Plants  caulescent 
Plants  caulescent 
Plants  caulescent 


leaflets  capillary.  8.  FOENICULUM. 

leaflets  ovate,  not  toothed.    9.  TAENIDIA. 
leaflets  not  capillary,  toothed. 


Fruit  strongly  flattened. 

Fruit  with  filiform  ribs.  2.  PASTINACA. 

Lateral  ribs  of  fruit  corky-thickened.          3.  POLYTAENIA. 
Fruit  not  strongly  flattened. 

All  the  fruits  pedicelled.  5.  THASPIUM. 

Central  fruit  of  each  umbellet  sessile.        14.  ZIZIA. 
Flowers  white. 

Leaf  divisions  capillary. 

Fruit  tuberculate.    '  10.  APIASTRUM. 

Fruit  not  tuberculate.  17.  PTILIMNIUM. 

Leaf  divisions  not  capillary. 

Fruit  covered  with  barbed  prickles.  1.  DAUCUS. 

Fruit  not  covered  with  barbed  prickles. 
Fruit  linear  to  linear-oblong. 

Fruit  glabrous.  11.  CHAEROPHYLLUM. 

Fruit  appressed-bristly.  12.  WASHINGTONIA. 

Fruit  ovoid,  oval  or  oblong. 
Stem-leaves  simply  pinnate.  13.  SIUM. 

Stem-leaves  decompound.  15.  CICUTA. 


142  UMBELLIFERAE 

1.     DAUCUS  L. 

Involucre  and  involucels  present.  Umbels  concave  in  fruit.  Fruit 
slightly  flattened  dorsally. 

1.  D.  Carota  L.  WILD  CARROT.  Bristly  biennial,  l°-3£°  high  : 
leaves  decompound,  the  ultimate  divisions  cleft  and  sharp-pointed. — 
Waste  places,  Kansas  City,  Independence  and  Dodson.  Not  common. 
June-August. 

2.     PASTINACA  L. 

Involucre  and  involucels  absent.  Fruit  oval,  flattened  dorsally,  the 
lateralribs  winged. 

1.  P.  sativa  L.  WILD  PARSNIP  2°-5°  high  :  leaf  segments  ses- 
sile, ovate,  the  ultimate  divisions  cut-serrate. — Abundant  throughout  in 
waste  places.  June-September. 

3.     POLYTAENIA  DC. 

Involucre  none.  Involucels  small.  Fruit  oval,  much  flattened  dor- 
sally, the  lateral  ribs  strongly  corky-winged. 

1.  P.  Nuttallii  DC.  PRAIRIE  PARSLEY.  l°-4°  high  :  leaf  segments 
sessile,  ovate,  pinnatifid  or  parted,  the  divisions  serrate  or  entire :  fruit 
3/x  long. — Frequent  in  barrens  throughout  the  southwestern  part.  May- 
June. 

4.  LOMATIUM  Raf. 

Perennial.  Involucre  none.  Involucels  present.  Fruit  oval  or  oblong, 
much  flattened  dorsally,  the  later  ribs  winged. 

1.  L.  daucifolium  (Nutt.)  C.  &  R.  FENNEL-LEAVED  PARSLEY.  1° 
or  less  high,  more  or  less  tomentose :  leaf  divisions  capillary  :  involucels 
gamophyllous  :  fruit  glabrous. — Common  in  barrens  from  Westport  to 
Adams,  Grain  Valley  and  southward.  April-May. 

5.  THASPIUM  Nutt. 

Perennial  herbs.  Involucre  none.  Involucels  small.  Fruit  oblong, 
barely  flattened,  the  ribs  strongly  winged. 

Glabrous  throughout.  1.   T.  aureum. 

Strongly  puberulent  at  the  joints.  2.  T.  barbinode. 

1.  T.  aureum  Nutt.    GOLDEN  ALEXANDERS.     l°-2£°   high  :  stem 
leaves  ternate,  the  leaflets  ovate-lanceolate,  serrate. — Prairies  north  of 
Lee's  Summit.     Very  local.     May-July. 

2.  T.  barbinode  (Michx.)  Nutt.    MEADOW  PARSNIP.     l£°-3£°  high  : 
leaves  bipinnate,  the  leaflets  ovate  to  lanceolate,  incised-serrate  to  cleft : 
flowers  light  yellow. — Locally  common  in  rocky  woods  along  the  Blue  at 
Martin  City.     May-July. 

6.     ERYNGIUM  L. 

Flowers  in  dense  bracted  heads.  Calyx  teeth  sharp-tipped.  Fruit 
ovoid  to  obovoid,  flattened  laterally,  but  not  ribbed,  tuberculate- scaly. 
This  genus  probably  represents  a  distinct  family. 


UMBELLIFERAE  143 

1.  E.  aquaticum  L.  BUTTON  SNAKEEOOT.  Glabrous  perennial,  l°-6° 
high  :  leaves  long-linear,  parallel-veined,  bristly  margined  :  flowers 
white  :  heads  6x/-9"  broad,  the  bracts  pungently  pointed. — Not  uncom- 
mon throughout  on  prairies.  July-September. 

7.  SANICULA  L.     Sanicle. 

Involucres  foliaceous.  Capitate  umbellets  subtended  by  small  invo- 
lucels.  Fruit  subglobose,  somewhat  flattened  laterally  and  covered 
with  long  hooked  bristles. 

Styles  longer  than  the  bristles.  1.  S.  gre.garia. 

Styles  shorter  than  the  bristles.  2.  S.  Canadensis. 

1.  S.  gregaria  Bicknell.     Perennial,  8x-2°  high  :   stems  weak  :  some 
staminate  flowers  in  separate  heads :    flowers  yellow  :    leaflets  obovate- 
cuneate,    incised  serrate. — Not  uncommon    throughout    in    rich    moist 
woods.     May-July. 

2.  S.  Canadensis  L.     Biennial,  6/-2°  high  :  staminate  flowers  never 
in  separate  heads  :  flowers  whitish-yellow  :  leaflets  3-5,  resembling  those 
of  the  last. — Abundant  throughout  in  woods.     May- July. 

8.  FOENICULUM  Adans. 

Involucre  and  involucels  none.  Fruit  nearly  terete,  linear-oblong, 
prominently  ribbed,  but  not  winged. 

1.  F.  vulgare  Gaertn.  FENNEL.  Glabrous  perennial,  2/-3°  high  : 
leaves  decompound. — Rarely  escaped  from  gardens  in  Kansas  City  and 
Independence.  May- July. 

9.     TAENIDIA  Drude. 

Involucre  and  involucels  none.  Fruit  oval,  glabrous,  laterally  com- 
pressed, strongly  5-ribbed. 

1.  T.  integerrima  (L.)  Drude.  YELLOW  PIMPERNEL.  l°-3°  high, 
glabrous.  Abundant  throughout  on  rocky  hillsides.  May-June. 

10.     APIASTRUM  Nutt. 

Involucre  none.  Involucels  small  or  none.  Fruit  ovate,  tuberculate, 
laterally  flattened,  not  ribbed. 

1.  A.  patens  (Nutt.)  C.  &  R.  3'-I8'  high,  much-branched,  slender 
and  glabrous  :  leaves  much  dissected. — In  sandy  soil  and  in  barrens 
throughout.  Often  common.  May- June. 

11.     CHAEROPHYLLUM  L.     CHEVRIL. 

Involucre  none.  Involucels  present.  Fruit  linear-oblong,  5-angled, 
flattened  dorsally.  Umbels  2-6-rayed. 

Prostrate  spreading.  1.  C.  procnmbens. 

Strictly  erect.  2.  C.  Texensis. 


144  UMBELLIFERAE 

1.  C.  procumbens  ( L. )  Crantze.     l°-2°  long,  somewhat  hairy  :  ulti- 
mate leaf  segments  obtuse  :  rays  2-5-flowered  :  fruit  somewhat  beaked. — 
Low  woods  throughout,  but  not  common.     April-May. 

2.  C.  Texensis  C.  &  R.     l°-2°  high  :  ultimate  leaf  segments  acutish  : 
rays   10-15-flowered  :    fruit  not    beaked. — Barrens  north  and   west  of 
Lee's  Summit.    Very  abundant  locally.     May-June.     This  identification 
is  corroborated  by  Professor  Rose. 

12.    WASHING-TONIA  Raf.     SWEET  CICELY. 
Involucre  and  involucels  of  a  few  bracts  or  wanting.     Fruit  linear, 
bristly  along  the  ribs,  attenuate  at  the  base.     Primary  and  secondary 
rays  of  umbel  few. 

Villous-pubescent.  1.    W.  Claytoni. 

Slightly  pubescent  or  glabrate.  2.    W.  longistylis. 

1.  W.  Claytoni  (Michx.)  Britton.     l°-3°  high:  leaves  ternately  de- 
compound :  involucre  and  involucels  present :  style  less  than  \"  long. 
— In  rich  woods.     Kansas  City  to  Sibley,  Lake  City  and  Dodson.     Un- 
common.    May- June. 

2.  W.  longistylis  (Torr.)  Britton.     Like  the  last  but  more  glabrate 
and  style  \/f  long. — In   rich  woods  in  the  northeastern  part,  but  un- 
common.    May-June. 

13.     SIUM   L. 

Umbels  many-rayed.  Fruit  ovate,  glabrous,  strongly  ribbed.  Invo- 
lucre and  involucels  prominent. 

1.  S.  cicutaefolium  Gmel.  WATER  HEMLOCK.  3°-6°  high,  glabrous  : 
leaves  pinnate,  the  leaflets  3-17,  linear-lanceolate,  serrate. — Common  in 
swamps  near  Lake  City  and  Sibley.  July-September. 

14.    ZIZIA  Koch.    MEADOW  PARSLEY. 

Involucre  none.  Involucels  small.  Umbels  many-rayed.  Fruit  ovoid, 
glabrous,  somewhat  compressed,  not  winged. 

Basal  leaves  ternately  compound.  1.  Z.  aurea. 

Basal  leaves  cordate,  not  divided.  2.  Z.  cordata. 

1.  Z.  aurea  (L. )  Koch.     l°-3°  high  :  leaves  ternately  divided,  the  seg- 
ments ovate-lanceolate,    serrate. —  Common   throughout  in   woods  and 
meadows.     May-June. 

2.  Z.  cordata  (Walt. )  DC.     Resembles  the  last,  but  basal  leaves  ovate, 
deeply  cordate,  crenate  :  stem  leaves  ternate  or  quinate. — Frequent  in 
sandy  soil  near  Grain  Valley.     May-June. 

15.     CICUTA  L. 

Involucres  usually  none.  Involucels  of  numerous  bracts.  Umbels 
many-rayed.  Fruit  ovate  to  oblong,  corky  ribbed,  glabrous. 

1.  C.  maculata  L.  WATER  HEMLOCK.  2°-6°  high :  leaves  decom- 
pound, the  leaflets  lanceolate  and  serrate. — Abundant  in  wet  places. 
June-October. 


MONOTKOPACEAE  145 

16.     DERINGA  Adans. 

Involucre  none.  Involucels  usually  present.  Fruit  oblong,  glabrous, 
laterally  compressed.  Umbels  irregularly  few-rayed. 

1.  D.  Canadensis  (L.)  Kuntze.  HONEWORT.  l°-3°  high:  leaves 
3-foliolate:  leaflets  ovate,  sharply  serrate,  the  lateral  usually  2-parted 
and  the  terminal  3-parted. — Common  in  woods.  May-July. 

17.     PTILIMNIUM  Eaf. 

Involucre  and  involucels  prominent.  Fruit  ovate,  glabrous,  strongly 
corky-winged.  Umbels  many- rayed. 

1.  P.  Nuttallii  (DC.)  Britton.  MOCK  BISHOP  WEED.  l°-3°  high, 
slender:  involucral  bracts  entire,  or  sparingly  pinnatifid:  fruit  W-W  long. 
— Rare  and  local  in  wet,  sandy  soil  near  Dodson,  at  the  mouth  of  Sugar 
Creek,  near  Courtney  and  near  Sheffield.  June-August. 

FAMILY  94.     CORNACEAE  Link. 

Shrubs  or  trees  with  flowers  in  heads  or  cymes.  Calyx  lobes  and  petals 
4-5  each,  the  latter  inserted  with  the  stamens  at  the  base  of  an  epigynous 
disk.  Ovary  inferior,  1-2-celled,  the  cells  each  containing  a  solitary  pen- 
dulous ovule.  Style  one.  Fruit  a  1-2-seeded  drupe. 

1.     CORNUS  L.     DOGWOOD. 

Ours  are  shrubs  with  opposite  entire  petioled  leaves  and  white  cymose 
flowers.  Petals  and  stamens  four  each. 

Branchlets  appressed-pubescent. 

Leaves  almost  glabrous  above.  1.  C.  Amomum. 

Leaves  strongly  rough-pubescent  above.  2.  C.  asperifolia. 

Branchlets  glabrous.  3.  C.  candidissima. 

1.  C.  Amomum  Mill.     5°-15°  high:  leaves  ovate- lanceolate,  more  or 
less  pubescent  below,  acuminate:  fruit  light  blue. — Common  especially 
along  streams.     May-June. 

2.  C.  asperifolia  Michx.     5°-15°  high:  leaves  oblong-ovate,  pubescent 
beneath,  acuminate :  fruit  white. — Our  most  common  species  through- 
out.    May-June. 

3.  C.  candidissima    Marsh.     5°-15°    high :  leaves    ovate-lanceolate, 
acuminate,  pale  and  glabrous  beneath:  fruit  white.— Along  streams  near 
Tarsney  and  Atherton.     Local.     May-June. 

FAMILY  95.    MONOTROPACEAE  Lindl. 

Saprophytes  with  scaly,  bracted  stems  and  regular  perfect  flowers. 
Calyx  2-6-parted.  Corolla  of  4-6  petals  or  4-6  lobed.  Stamens  6-12. 
Ovary  superior,  1-6-celled,  4-6- lobed.  Stigma  rayed. 

1.     MONOTROPA  L. 

Flowers  solitary  Calyx  of  2  sepals.  Petals  separate  above.  Ovary 
5-celled. 

10 


146  .  PRIMULACEAE 

1.  M.  uniflora  L.  GHOST  PLANT.  INDIAN  PIPE.  Stems  4'-l(X  high, 
clustered,  waxy-white:  flowers  G^-IO"  long,  nodding:  capsules  erect. — 
In  rich  woods.  Kansas  City,  Independence,  Atherton,  Dodson  and 
Sibley.  Rare  and  local.  August-September. 

FAMILY  96.    PRIMULACEAE  Vent. 

Herbs  with  perfect  regular  flowers.  Calyx  5-parted  and  corolla  5-cleft. 
Stamens  5,  opposite  the  corolla  lobes.  Ovary  superior,  1-celled,  with  the 
ovules  borne  on  a  free  central  placenta.  Styles  and  stigma  one.  Parts 
of  the  flower  occasionally  more  or  less  than  five. 

Stem  leaves  (bracts)  verticillate.  1.  ANDROSACE. 

Stem  leaves  opposite. 
Flowers  yellow. 
Flowers  axillary. 

Staminodia  none.  2.  LYSIMACHIA. 

Staminodia  five.  3.  STEIRONEMA. 

Flowers  in  dense  heads.  4.  NAUMBURGIA. 

Flowers  scarlet,  blue  or  white.  5.  ANAGALLIS. 

Stem  leaves  alternate.  6.  CENTUNCULTJS. 

Leaves -all  basal.  7.  DODECATHEON. 

1.     ANDROSACE  L. 

'Low  annuals  with  tufted  basal  leaves  and  umbellate  flowers  subtended 
"by  bracts  similar  to  the  leaves.  Corolla  white,  salver-form,  shorter  than 
the  calyx. 

1.  A.  occidentalia  Pursh.  I'-S'  high  :  leaves  oblong-spatulate, 
entire  :  corolla  less  than  lx/  long. — Common  on  dry  hills  and  b  irrens, 
especially  in  the  southern  part.  March-April. 

2.     LYSIMACHIA  L. 

Perennial,  glandular-punctate  herbs.  Corolla  rotate,  its  lobes  con- 
•volute  and  entire.  Ovules  few. 

1.  L.  Nummularia  L.  MONEYWORT.  Creeping,  l°-2°  long,  gla- 
brous :  leaves  ovate-orbicular,  short-petioled,  entire. — Escaped  around 
gardens  in  Independence.  May-September. 

3.     STEIRONEMA  Raf.     YELLOW  LOOSESTRIFE. 
Perennial  herbs.    Corolla  rotate,  its  lobes  erose-denticulate,  each  em- 
bracing its  stamen.     Staminodia  five,  alternate  with  the  stamens.    Ovules 
few  to  many. 

Leaves  ovate.  1.  S.  cilialuw. 

Leaves  lanceolate.  2.  S.  lanceolatum. 

1.  S.  ciliatum  (L. )  Raf.     l°-4°  high,  glabrous  :    leaves  ovate,  entire, 
rounded  at  base  :  petioles  ciliate,  6//-l2//  long  :  capsule  not  exceeding 
the  calyx. — In  wet  grounds  throughout.     Often  common.     June- August. 

2.  S.  lanceolatum  (Walt.)  A.  Gray.     Resembles  the   last,  but  the 
leaves  lanceolate  and  tapering  into  the  short  (V/-6//  long)  petioles. — In 
low  meadows  throughout,  especially  in   the  northeastern  part.     July- 
September. 


EBENACEAE  147 

4.     NAUMBURGIA  Moench. 

A  perennial  herb  with  flowers  in  dense  axillary  peduncled  heads. 
Corolla  lobes  linear,  punctate-dotted,  with  a  small  tooth  in  each  sinus. 
Ovules  few. 

1.  N.  thyrsiflora  (L.)  Duby.  TUFTED  LOOSESTRIFE.  l°-2°  high: 
leaves  oblong  lanceolate,  sessile,  entire,  strongly  black  dotted  :  flowers 
2//_3//  iong — jn  a  bog  two  miles  west  of  Sibley.  Rare  and  local.  May- 
June. 

5.     ANAGALLIS  L. 

Diffuse  herbs  with  peduncled  axillary  flowers.  Corolla  rotate.  Cap 
sule  circumscissile,  many-seeded. 

1.  A.  arvensis  L.  POOR  MAN'S  WEATHER  GLASS.  4M2'  high, 
glabrous  :  leaves  ovate,  entire,  sessile,  black-dotted  :  flowers  red. — 
Abundantly  naturalized  in  fields  near  Courtney  and  Independence. 
May-August. 

6.  CENTUNCULUS  L. 

Annuals  with  axillary  flowers.  Corolla  white,  shorter  than  the  calyx, 
its  lobes  spreading.  Capsule  circumscissile,  many-seeded. 

1.  C.  minimus  L.  CHAFF  WEED.  I'-S'  high:  leaves  oblong,  entire, 
tapering  to  the  base,  sessile:  flowers  nearly  sessile. — Abundant  in  sandy 
fields  southeast  of  Grain  Valley  and  near  Martin  City.  June-July. 

7.  DODECATHEON  L. 

Flowers  handsome  in  involucrate  umbels  terminating  the  scape,  nodding. 
Calyx  and  corolla  lobes  reflexed  at  flowering  time.  Filaments  monadel- 
phous  at  base,  approximate  into  a  cone,  exserted.  Capsule  oblong,  erect, 
dehiscent  by  valves. 

1.  D.  Meadia  L.  SHOOTING  STAR.  Leaves  oblanceolate,  entire, 
petioled:  scape  l°-2°  high:  flowers  rose-colored,  9//-15//  long.— On  the 
prairie  along  the  railroad  a  half  mile  north  of  Greenwood.  A  few 
clumps.  First  discovered  about  1865  by  Prof.  Broadhead  ;  rediscovered 
in  1899.  May. 

FAMILY  97.    EBENACEAE  Vent. 

Woody  plants  with  alternate  entire  leaves  and  regular  polygamous  flow- 
ers. Calyx  and  corolla  each  3-7-lobed.  Stamens  2-4  times  as  many  as 
the  corolla  lobes.  Ovary  superior,  3-12-celled,  each  cell  containing  1-3 
suspended  ovules.  Styles  2-8.  Fruit  a  berry.  Seeds  bony. 

1.     DIOSPYROS  L. 

Flowers  of  two  kinds,  the  sterile  in  cymes,  the  fertile  solitary  in  the 
axils.  Calyx  and  corolla  4-6  lobed.  Fruit  a  large  4-8-seeded  berry. 
Pistillate  flowers  with  imperfect  stamens. 

1.  D.  Virginiana  L.  PERSIMMON.  15°-40°  high:  leaves  ovate-oblong, 
petioled,  strongly  pubescent  when  young,  as  are  the  branchlets:  corolla 
yellowish-brown. — Frequent  throughout  in  dry  soil.  June-Julv 


148  GENTIANACEAE 

FAMILY  98.    OLEACEAE  Lindl. 

Woody  plants  with  opposite  leaves.  Calyx  2-4-parted  or  none.  Co- 
rolla 2-4  parted  or  none.  Stamens  2-4.  Ovary  superior,  2-celled,  with 
two  ovules  in  each  cell. 

1.     FRAXINUS  L. 

Trees  with  odd  pinnate  leaves  and  polygamous  or  dioecious,  racemose- 
fasciculate  flowers.  Stamens  two.  Petals  wanting.  Fruit  a  flat- winged 
1-2-seeded  samara. 

Stalks  of  lateral  leaflets  3//-4//  long.  •  1.  F.  Americana. 
Stalks  of  lateral  leaflets  V-W  long. 

Branchlets  glabrous.  2.  F.  lanceolata. 

Branchlets  downy.  3.  F.  Pennsylvanica. 

1.  P.  Americana  L.    WHITE  ASH.    A  large  tree  :  branchlets  and  peti- 
oles glabrous :  leaflets  7-9,  stalked,  ovate-orbicular  to  ovate-lanceolate, 
sparingly  denticulate  or  entire,  pale  and  glabrate  or  slightly  pubescent 
beneath  :  wing  of  samara  little  decurrent. — Frequent  throughout  in  the 
upland  woods.     May.     Very  variable. 

2.  F.  lanceolata  Borck.     GREEN  ASH.    40°-60°  high  :  wing  of  samara 
noticeably  decurrent  :  leaflets  less  pale  below,  glabrate  or  pubescent : 
otherwise  resembles  the  last. — In   low  grounds  throughout,  especially 
along  the  Missouri  River.     May. 

3.  F.  FennBylvanica  Marsh.     RED  ASH.     Differs  from  the  last  in 
having  the  twigs, petioles  and  lower  leaf  surface  velvety  pubescent  — Grow- 
ing with  the  last  around  Hiff ner's  Lake  near  Atherton  and  Fish  Lake 
near  Sibley.     May. 

FAMILY  99.    GENTIANACEAE  Dumort. 

Glabrous  herbs  with  opposite,  entire,  sessile,  simple  leaves  without 
stipules,  and  perfect,  regular,  cymose  or  clustered  flowers.  Divisions  of 
the  calyx  and  corolla  4-12  each.  Stamens  as  many  as,  and  alternate 
with,  the  corolla  lobes.  Ovary  superior,  1-celled,  with  two  parietal 
placentae  and  many  ovules.  Capsule  dehiscent  by  two  valves. 

Style  filiform  ;  anthers  twisting  in  age. 

Corolla  salver-form.  1.  ERYTHRAEA. 

Corolla  rotate.  2.  SABBATIA. 

Style  stout,  short  or  none  ;  anthers  not  twisting.  3.  GENTIANA. 

1.     ERYTHRAEA  Neck. 
Parts  of  the  flower  four  to  five. 

1.  E.  calycosa  Buckl.  WESTERN  CENTAURY.  1°  high  :  leaves  linear- 
oblong  :  flowers  1/-2'  long,  pinkish  :  corolla  lobes  obtuse. — Found  as  a 
waif  along  the  Santa  Fe  Railroad  between  the  mouths  of  Rock  and  Sugar 
Creeks.  July. 

2.     SABBATIA  Adans. 

Flowers  pinkish,  handsome. 

1.  S.  campestria  Nutt.  PRAIRIE  PINK.  Annual,  4/-12/  high  :  leaves 
ovate  to  ovate-oblong  :  branches  alternate  :  capsule  5-winged,  its  lobes 


APOCYNACEAE  149 

lanceolate:  flower  18"  broad. — Found  as  a  waif  near  Sheffield,  Courtney 
and  Lee's  Summit.     August-September. 

3.    GENTIANA  L.    GENTIAN. 

Calyx  usually  5-cleft.  Corolla  (in  ours)  funnel-form  or  salver- form 
with  membranous  plaits  in  the  sinuses,  1/-2'  long. 

Corolla  bluish. 

Lobes  of  corolla  spreading.  1 .  G.  puberula. 

Lobes  of  corolla  connivent.  2.  G.  Andrewsii. 

Corolla  yellowish-white.  3.  G.  flavida. 

1.  G.  puberula  Michx.     Perennial,  IS'-IS'  high  :  stems  puberulent : 
leaves  oblong-lanceolate  :  corolla  bright  blue  within,  greenish  without : 
anthers  separate. — Frequent  locally  on  prairies,  Hickman's  Mills,  Lee's 
Summit,  Grain  Valley.     August-September. 

2.  G.  Andrewsii  Griseb.     Perennial,  l°-2°   high  :  leaves  ovate-lan- 
ceolate, triple-nerved,  rough-margined  :  corolla  light  blue,  its  lobes  al- 
most obsolete  :   anthers  cohering  into   a  tube. — In   moist  rich  woods, 
Brush  Creek,  Independence,  Sibley.     Rare.     September. 

3.  G.  flavida  A.  Gray.     Perennial,  l°-2^°  high  :  leaves  ovate-lanceo- 
late, triple-nerved,   smooth-margined  :   flowers  nearly  2'  long  :  corolla 
lobes  erect,  but  not  spreading  :  anthers  connivent. — On  woody  hillsides, 
Swope  Park,  Brush  Creek,  Dodson,  Independence.     Locally  common  and 
occurring  in  big  patches.     August-September. 

FAMILY  100.    APOCYNAOEAE  Lindl. 

Plants  with  milky  juice,  entire  leaves  without  stipules,  and  perfect 
regular  flowers.  Divisions  of  calyx  and  corolla  five  each.  Stamens  five, 
alternate  with  the  corolla  lobes,  separate.  Pollen  granular.  Ovary 
superior,  composed  of  two  distinct  carpels.  Fruit  a  follicle. 

1.    APOCYNUM  L.    DOGBANE. 

Herbs  with  opposite  leaves  and  pinkish-white  flowers  in  corymbose 
cymes.  Corolla  bell-shaped,  bearing  five  appendages  in  the  throat.  Seeds 
hairy-tufted. 

Corolla  lobes  revolute.  1.  A.  ureeolifer. 
Corolla  lobes  erect. 

Plant  glabrous  or  sparingly  pubescent.  2.  A.  liyperici folium. 

Plant  strongly  velvety-pubescent.  3.  A.  pubescens. 

1.  A.  ureeolifer  G.  S.  Miller.     2°-4°  high,  nearly  glabrous  through- 
out :  branches  divergently  forked  :  leaves  ovate,  short-petioled  :  cymes 
loose  :  corolla  tube  exceeding  calyx  lobes. — In  dry  soil  near  Tarsney  and 
Little  Blue  Tank.     Local.     June-August. 

2.  A.  hypericifolium  Ait.     2°-5°  high  :  branches  erect :  lower  leaves 
short-petioled  to  cordate-clasping,  usually  cordate  at  base,  oval  to  oblong  : 
upper  leaves  petioled  :  flowers  white-pink  to  greenish-pink. — Abundant 
in  low  grounds  throughout  and  very  variable.     June-September. 


150  ASCLEPIADACEAE 

3.  A.  pubescens  R.  Br.  Resembles  the  last  but  the  whole  plant- 
especially  the  lower  surface  of  the  leaves,  is  very  velvety-pubescent. 
Rather  common  in  low  grounds  throughout.  June-September. 

FAMILY  101.    ASCLEPIADACEAE  Lindl. 

Plants  with  milky  juice,  entire,  non-stipulate  leaves  and  umbellate 
flowers.  Divisions  of  calyx  and  corolla  five  each.  Stamens  five,  couni- 
vent.  Anthers  2-celled,  each  cell  containing  a  waxy  pollen  mass.  Ovary 
superior,  2-celled.  Styles  two,  connected  by  the  5-angled  stigma.  Stigma 
and  pollen  masses  connected  by  five  glandular  bodies  growing  in  the  angles 
of  the  stigma.  Between  the  stamens  and  corolla  there  is  a  ring  or  a  disk. 
Fruit  of  two  follicles.  Seeds  bearing  a  long  coma. 

Corolla  strongly  reflexed. 

Crown  of  five  hood-like  bodies  each  bearing  an  in- 
curved horn  within.  1.  AscLEPiAS. 

Crown  like  the  last,  but  hornless.  2.  ACERATES. 

Corolla  merely  spreading. 

Herbs.  3.  ASCLEPIODORA. 

Vines.  4.  GONOLOBUS. 

1.    ASCLEPIAS  L.     MILKWEED. 
Erect  perennial  herbs. 

Leaves  alternate,  lanceolate.  1.  A.  tuberosa. 

Leaves  opposite,  broad. 

Flowers  rose-purple.  2.  A .  purpurascens. 

Flowers  pinkish  or  yellowish- white. 

Leaves  lanceolate.  3.  A.  incarnata. 

Leaves  ovate-oblong. 
Stems  glabrous. 

Peduncles  shorter  than  the  leaves.  4.  A.  Sullivantii. 

Peduncles  much  longer  than  the  leaves.          5.  A.  amplexicauUs. 
Stems  finely  soft-pubescent.  6.  A.  Syriaca. 

Leaves  verticillate,  linear.  7.  A.  vertieillata. 

1.  A.   tuberosa    L.     BUTTERFLY   WEED.     l°-2°   high,    pubescent : 
leaves  nearly  sessile,  cordate  at  base:    flowers  deep  orange-colo:ed  in 
numerous  umbels  :    follicles  erect  on  the  decurved  fruiting  pedicels. — 
Common  in  open  fields  and  prairies.     June-July. 

2.  A.  purpurascens  L.     PURPLE  MILKWEED.     2°-4°  high,  puberu- 
lent :  leaves  petioled,  tomentose  beneath  :  umbels  few  :  follicles  erect  on 
the  deflexed  fruiting  pedicels. — Frequent  throughout  in  rocky  woods. 
May-June. 

3.  A.  incarnata  L.     SWAMP   MILKWEED.     2°-5°   high,  nearly  gla- 
brous :  leaves  short  petioled,  smooth  :   umbels  numerous  :  follicles  and 
fruiting  pedicels  erect. — Not  uncommon  in  low  swampy  grounds  through- 
out.    July-September. 

4.  A.    Sullivantii  Engelm.     2°-5°    high,    glabrous  :    leaves  oblong, 
thick,  obtuse  or  cordate  at  base,  short-petioled  or  sessile  :  umbels  termi- 
nal and  lateral  :  follicles  erect  on  the  deflexed  fruiting  pedicels,  slightly 


ASCLEPIADACEAE  1 51 

echinate. — On  wet  prairies  especially  in  the  valleys  of  the  Big  and  Little 
Blue  and  Fire  Prairie  Creek .     Abundant  locally.     June- July. 

5.  A.  amplexicaulis  J.  E.  Smith.    l°-2i°  high,  glabrous :  leaves  ovate- 
orbicular,  clasping  :  umbel  usually  solitary  :  follicles  glabrous,  erect  on 
the  decurved  fruiting  pedicels. — Locally  frequent  on   dry  prairies  and 
banks  near  Waldo  Park,  Lee's  Summit,  Grand  View,   Lake  City  and 
Buckner      May-June. 

6.  A.  Syriaca  L.     COMMON  MILKWEED.     2°-5°  high,  finely  pubes- 
cent :    leaves  oval-oblong,  short-petioled,    pubescent :   umbels  several  r 
follicles  erect  on  the  decurved  fruiting  pedicels,  densely  tomentose  and 
echinate. — Abundant  throughout  in  fields  and  waste  places.     July— Sep- 
tember. 

7.  A.  verticillata  L.     WHITE  MILKWEED.     l°-3°  high,  pubescent  r 
leaves  long-linear,  numerous  :  flowers  white  :  glabrous  follicles  and  fruit- 
ing pedicels  erect. — Not  uncommon  in  dry  fields  and  prairies  throughout. 
June-July. 

2.     ASCLEPIODORA  A.  Gray. 

Resembles  Asclepias,  but  corolla  lobes  spreading.  Hoods  hornless, 
crested  within. 

1.  A.  viridis  (Walt.)  A.  Gray.  GREEN  MILKWEED.  l°-2°  high,  gla- 
brous :  leaves  opposite  or  alternate,  ovate-oblong,  short  petioled,  mucro- 
nate  :  flowers  \f  broad,  greenish  with  a  purplish  hood. — Rare  and  local  in 
dry  soil  near  Pixley's,  Lee's  Summit,  Grain  Valley  and  Grand  View. 
June. 

3.     ACERATES  Ell.     MILKWEED. 

Differs  from  Asclepias  in  the  hornless  hoo  Is. 

Flowers  white.  1.  A.  angustifulin. 
Flowers  greenish. 

Crown  sessile.  2.  A.  mridiflorrt. 

Crown  on  a  short  column.  3.  A.  Floridava- 

1.  A.  angustifolia  (Nutt.)  Dec.     PRAIRIE  MILKWEED.     l°-2°  high, 
slightly  puberulent :   leaves   elongated-linear  :    umbels  axillary,    short- 
peduncled  or  sessile  :  hoods  three  toothed  at  the  apex. — Locally  frequent 
on  rocky  prairies  near  Waldo  Park,  Grand  View  and   Lee's  Summit* 
June-July. 

2.  A.  viridiflora  (Raf.)  Eaton.     GREEN  MILKWEED.      l°-3°  high, 
downy  to  glabrate  :  leaves  oval  or  oblong-ovate  :  umbels  sessile  or  short- 
peduncled  :  hoods  about  equalling  the  anthers  :   hoods  entire. — Rather 
rare  in  dry  rocky  places  near  Waldo  Park  and  Lee's  Summit.     June- 
August. 

Var.  Ivesil  Britton.  Leaves  oblong-lanceolate. — Dry  places  through- 
out especially  in  the  southern  part,  but  not  abundant. 

Var.  linearis  A.  Gray.     Leaves  linear. — Prairies  near  Buckner. 

3.  A.  Floridana  (Lam.)  Hitchcock.     l°-3°  high,  glabrate  to  hairy  : 
leaves  linear-lanceolate  :  umbels  peduncled  :   hoods  much  shorter  than» 


152  CONVOLVULACEAE 

the  anthers  :  hoods  entire. — Locally  common  on  moist  prairies  near 
Atherton,  Dodson,  Waldo  Park,  Lake  City  and  Lee's  Summit.  July- 
September. 

4.     GONOLOBUS  Michx. 

Twining  vines  with  opposite,  long-petioled,  cordate  ovate  leaves,  and 
flowers  in  axillary  peduncled  cymes.  Corolla  lobes  erect,  somewhat 
twisted.  Crown  of  five  membranous  2-horned  bodies.  Anthers  termi- 
nated by  a  white  dilated  appendage. 

1.  G.  laevis  Michx.  CLIMBING  MILKWEED.  4°-12°  long,  puberu- 
lent  :  flowers  whitish  :  pods  3/  long,  smooth. — Common  in  thickets, 
especially  in  the  bottoms  along  the  Missouri  River.  July-September. 

FAMILY  102.    CONVOLVULACEAE  Vent. 

Herbaceous  vines  with  alternate  leaves,  no  stipules  and  large  axillary 
regular  and  perfect  flowers.  Calyx  5-parted  or  divided.  Corolla  gamo- 
petalous,  5 -angled  or  lobed.  Stamens  five,  alternate  with  the  corolla 
lobes.  Ovary  superior,  2-3-celled  or  falsely  4-6-celled,  with  two  erect 
ovules  in  each  cell.  Fruit  a  capsule. 

Stamens  and  styles  exserted.  1.  QUAMOCLIT. 
Stamens  and  styles  included. 

Stigmas  capitate  or  subglobose.  2.  IPOMOEA. 

Stigmas  filiform  or  oblong.  3.  CONVOLVULUS. 

1.     QUAMOCLIT  Moench. 

Sepals  long-pointed.     Corolla  salver-form.     Stigmas  capitate. 
1.  Q.  coccinea  (L.)  Moench.     RED  MORNING  GLORY.     Leaves  ovate- 
cordate,  acuminate  pointed  :    flowers  red,   V  long. — Frequent  in  waste 
places  at  Kansas  City ;  also  occurs  in  bottoms  near  Courtney  and  Atherton. 
July-October. 

2.    IPOMOEA  L.    MORNING  GLORY. 

Corolla  funnel  form  or  campanulate. 
Stigma  entire  or  2-lobed. 

Corolla  4//-6//  long.  1.  /.  lacunosa. 

Corolla  2/-3/  long.  2.  /.  pandurata. 

Stigma  3-lobed. 

Leaves  entire.  3.  I.  purpurea. 

Leaves  3-lobed.  4.  /.  hederacea. 

1.  I.  lacunosa  L.     SWAMP  MORNING  GLORY.     Pubescent  annual, 
2°-4°  long :    leaves  ovate,  cordate,  entire  or  3-lobed  :   peduncles  short, 
1-3-flowered  :  sepals  acuminate,  ciliate  :  flowers  white. — In  bottom  lands, 
Sheffield,  Courtney,  Atherton  and  Sibley.     Local.     July-October. 

2.  I.  pandurata  (L. )  Meyer.     MAN  OF  THE  EARTH.     Glabrous  peren- 
nial, 2°-8°  long  :   root  large  :    leaves  broadly  ovate-cordate  •    peduncles 
1-5-flowered  :    flowers  white  with  purple  lines  :  sepals  obtuse. — On  dry 
banks  throughout,  but  not  common.     July-September. 

3.  I.  purpurea  ( L. )  Roth.    PURPLE  MORNING  GLORY.    Hairy  annual, 
6°-25°  long  :  leaves  heart-shaped,  acuminate,  entire  :  sepals  lanceolate  : 


CUSCUTACEAE  153 

corolla  light  blue,  purple,  red  or  white. — Often  abundant  in  waste  places. 
July-October. 

4.  I.  hederacea  Jacq.  CORN-FIELD  MORNING  GLORY.  Like  the 
last  but  leaves  3-parted,  the  sepals  acuminate-pointed,  and  flowers  light 
blue. — This  is  often  very  common  in  fields,  especially  in  the  Missouri 
River  bottoms.  July-October. 

3.     CONVOLVULUS  L. 

Corolla  funnel-form  to  campanulate.  Our  species  are  perennials  with 
showy  pink  or  white  flowers. 

Calyx  with  two  large  bracts  at  base. 

Flowers  single.  1.  C.  sepium. 

Flowers  double.  2.  C.  Japonicus. 

Calyx  without  bracts  at  base.  3.  C.*  arvensis. 

1.  C.  sepium  L.  BINDWEED.  3°-12°  long,  glabrous  or  pubescent : 
leaves  triangular-hastate,  glabrous  or  pubescent  below,  but  nearly  always 
glabrous  above,  the  basal  lobes  obliquely  truncate  :  one  peduncle  in  the 
axil  of  each  leaf. — Common  throughout  in  sunny  places.  June-Sep- 
tember. 

Var.  fraterniflorus  Mackenzie  &  Bush,  n.  var.  Leaves  3x-4'  long, 
strongly  appressed-pubescent  on  both  sides  :  two  1-flowered  peduncles  in 
the  axil  of  each  leaf,  the  one  longer  and  the  other  shorter  than  the  petiole  : 
flowers  white. — Dry  banks  near  Martin  City.  July. 

2.  C.  Japonicus  Thunb.     JAPANESE  MORNING  GLORY.     A  few  ft et 
long  :  leaves  narrowly  hastate  :  flowers  pink,  double. — Thoroughly  estab- 
lished along  the  railroad  at  Sibley.     July-September. 

3.  C.  arvensis  L.    SMALL  BINDWEED.     l°-3°  long,  glabrous  :  leaves 
ovate-oblong,  sagittate,  the  basal  lobes  spreading,  acute  :  peduncles  1-3- 
flowered,  bearing  some  small  bracts. — Along  railroads  and  in  waste  places 
in  about  a  dozen  widely  separated  localities. — May-September. 

FAMILY  103.     CUSCUTACEAE  Dumort. 

Whitish  or  yellowish  parasites  with  scale-like  leaves  and  flowers  as  in 
CONVOLVULACEAE.  Cotyledons  none.  The  lower  part  of  the  stems  en- 
tirely disappear  at  flowering  time  and  leave  the  plants  wholly  dependent 
on  their  host. 

1.     CUSCUTA  L.     DODDER. 

Flowers  white,  cymose-clustered,  often  bracted  at  base.  Corolla  with 
scales  in  its  throat.  Capsule  indehiscent  (in  ours). 

Calyx  gamosepalous. 
Corolla  lobes  acute. 

Calyx  lobes  obtuse.  1.   C.  arvensis. 

Calyx  lobes  acute. 

Flowers  nearly  sessile.  2.  C.  Polygonorum. 

Flowers  distinctly  pedicelled.  3.  C.  Coryli. 


154  POLEMONIACEAE 

Corolla  lobes  obtuse. 

Styles  equalling  the  capsule.  4.  C.  Cephalanthi. 

Styles  shorter  than  the  capsule.  5.  (7.  Gronovii. 

Calyx  of  distinct  sepals.  6.  C.  paradoxa. 

1.  C.  arvensis  Beyrich.     Low  climbing  :  flowers  l/x  long,  nearly  ses- 
sile :  corolla  tips  incurved  :  scales  large,  deeply  fringed  :  corolla  persis- 
tent at  base  of  the  depressed -globose  capsule. — In  barrens  west  of  Lee's 
Summit  and  southwest  of  Tarsney.     Local.     June-July. 

2.  C.  Polygonorum  Engelm.     Low  climbing  :  flowers  nearly  sessile  : 
scales  small :  styles  shorter  than  the  ovary  :  capsule  depressed -globose. 
— Frequent  throughout  in  low  moist  grounds.     August-September. 

3.  C.  Coryli  Engelm.     Low  climbing  :   flowers  lx/  long,  short-pedi- 
celled  :  fringe  of  scales  little  or  none  :  capsule  depressed-globose. — On  a 
dry  bank  in  Rush  Bottom  near  Courtney.     Local.    August-September. 

4.  C.  Cephalanthi  Engelm.     High  climbing  :  flowers  l/x  long,  short- 
pedicelled,  in  panicled  cymes :  calyx  lobes  obtuse  :  scales  fringed  :  cap- 
sule depressed -globose. — On  willows,  etc.,  along  the  Missouri  River  near 
Sheffield  and  Courtney.     Not  common.     August-September. 

5.  C.  Gronovii  Willd.    Climbing,  2°-6°  high  :  flowers  \\"  long,  short- 
pedicelled  :  calyx  lobes  obtuse :  scales  copiously  fringed  :  capsule  sub- 
globose  or  oblong-globose. — In  moist  woods  near  Atherton  and  Sibley. 
Locally  abundant.     August-September. 

6.  C.  paradoxa  Raf.     Flowers  sessile,  \\'f  long,  in  very  dense  clusters, 
6//-9//  thick  :  tips  of  sepals  and  of  the  numerous  bracts  recurved-spread- 
ing  :  scales  strongly  fringed  :  styles  2-4  times  the  length  of  the  ovary. — 
Dry  woods  and  hills  throughout,  especially  in  the  southern  part.     Rather 
common.     August-September. 

FAMILY  104.    POLEMONIACEAE  DC. 

Herbs  with  nearly  regular  flowers.  Calyx  and  corolla  lobes  five  each. 
Stamens  five,  alternate  with  the  corolla  lobes.  Ovary  superior,  3-celled, 
with  2-many  ovules  in  each  cell.  Style  solitary.  Stigmas  three.  Cap- 
sule loculicidal,  3-valved. 

Leaves  opposite,  entire.  1.  PHLOX. 

Leaves  alternate,  pinnate.  2.  PoLEMONIUM. 

1.    PHLOX  L.     WILD  SWEET  WILLIAM.    WILD  PHLOX. 
Perennial  herbs  with  blue,  red  or  white  flowers  in  terminal  cymes  or 
panicles.     Corolla  salver-form  with  a  long  narrow  tube. 

Flowers  in  panicled  cymes.  1.  P.  paniculata. 
Flowers  in  corymbed  or  simple  cymes. 

Plants  without  sterile  prostrate  shoots  at  base.  2.  P.  pilosa. 

Sterile  prostrate  shoots  present.  3.  P.  divaricata. 

1.  P.  paniculata  L.  Glabrous,  !J°-4°  high  :  leaves  ovate-lanceolate: 
flowers  short  pedicelled  :  calyx  teeth  subulate  :  corolla  lobes  entire,  pink, 
purple  or  white. — Occasionally  escaping  from  gardens  to  roadsides.  July- 
September. 


HYDKOPHYLLACEAE  155 

2.  P.  pilosa  L.     l°-2°  high,  hairy  to  nearly  glabrous :  leaves  linear- 
lanceolate,  acuminate,  spreading  :  corolla  lobes  entire,  reddish. — Prairies 
and  barrens  throughout  the  southern  part,  especially  along  the  railroad 
near  Lee's  Summit.     April-May. 

3.  P.  divaricata  L.     l°-2°  high,  finely  pubescent :  leaves  ovate-lan- 
ceolate, acute  :  corolla  bluish,  its  lobes  obcordate  to  entire. — Common 
throughout  in  damp  woods.     April-May. 

2.     POLEMONIUM  L. 

Perennial  herbs  with  blue  cymose-paniculate  flowers.  Corolla  bell- 
shaped. 

1.  P.  reptaiis  L.  JACOB'S  LADDER.  G'-SO'  high,  nearly  glabrous- 
leaflets  5-15,  oblong-lanceolate,  entire  :  flowers  6"  broad  :  stamens  in- 
cluded.— In  rich  woods  near  Westport  (very  rare),  and  along  Sni-a-bar 
Creek  (abundant).  April-May. 

FAMILY  105.    HYDROPHYLLACEAE  Lindl. 
Generally  hairy  herbs  with  perfect,  regular,  cymose  or  racemose  flowers. 
Parts  of  calyx  and  corolla  five  each.     Stamens  five,  alternate  with  the 
corolla   lobes.     Ovary  superior,   1 -celled,   with   two  parietal  placentae. 
Styles  two,  united  below  (in  ours).     Fruit  a  2-valved  capsule. 

Stamens  exserted.  1.   HYDROPHYLLUM. 

Stamens  included.  2.  MACROCALYX. 

1.     HYDROPHYLLUM  L.     WATKR  LEAF. 

Corolla  white  or  pale  blue,  bell-shaped,  its  lobes  convolute  in  the  bud, 
with  five  linear  appendages  within.  Ovary  hairy.  Seeds  1-4.  Flowers 
cymose. 

Stems  nearly  glabrous  ;  corolla  lobes  not  appen- 

daged.  1.  H.  Virginicum. 

Stems  hirsute  ;  corolla  lobes  appendaged.  2.  H.  appendiculatum. 

1.  H.  Virginicum  L.    Perennial,  8/-20/  high  :  leaves  pinnately  divided 
into  5-7  oblong,  acute  and  cut-toothed  lobes  :  flowers  3"-4"  long. — In 
woods  throughout.     Rather  common.     May- June. 

2.  H.  appendiculatum  Michx.     Biennial,  12/-30/  high  :  lower  leaves 
pinuately  divided  into  5-7  ovate  and  cut-toothed  lobes  :    upper  leaves 
ovate,  variously  lobed:  flowers  6//-l//   long. — Common  in  rich  woods. 
May- June. 

2.     MACROCALYX  Trew. 

Annual  herbs.  Calyx  5- lobed,  greatly  enlarged  in  fruit.  Corolla 
whitish,  about  the  length  of  the  calyx,  with  five  small  appendages  within. 
Lower  leaves  opposite,  upper  alternate. 

1.  M.  Nyctelea  (L. )  Kuntze.  Stems  pubescent,  weak,  at  length 
widely  spreading  :  leaves  ovate-oblong,  divided  into  7-13  oblong  spar- 
ingly toothed  lobes  :  peduncles  1-flowered,  opposite  the  leaves  :  corolla 
about  2"  long. — Very  abundant  in  moist  places.  April- June. 


156  BOEAGINACEAE 

FAMILY  106.    BORAGINACEAE  Lindl. 

Herbs  with  alternate  entire  leaves  and  perfect,  usually  regular  flowers. 
Divisions  of  calyx  and  corolla  five  each.  Stamens  five,  each  inserted  on 
the  tube  of  the  corolla  and  alternate  with  its  lobes.  Ovary  deeply 
4 lobed,  in  fruit  forming  four  1-seeded  nutlets.  Style  solitary.  Stigmas 
one  or  two. 

Corolla  regular. 

Nutlets  armed  with  pricklets. 

Pricklets  covering  the  nutlets.  1.  CYNOGLOSSUM. 

Pricklets  on  the  margin  or  back.  2.  LAPPULA. 

Nutlets  unarmed. 
Nutlets  attached  to  receptacle  just  above  their 

base  :  flowers  blue.  3.  MERTENSIA. 

Nutlets  attached  by  their  base  to  receptacle  : 

flowers  not  blue. 
Styles  included. 

Racemes  not  leafly-bracted.  4.  MYOSOTIS. 

Racemes  leafy-bracted.  5.  LITHOSPERMU&. 

Styles  exserted. 

Corolla  lobes  erect,  acute.  6.  ONOSMODIUM. 

Corolla  lobes  spreading.  7.  SYMPHYTUM. 

Corolla  irregular.  8.  ECHIUM. 

1.     CYNOGLOSSUM  L. 

Corolla  funnel-form,  its  throat  closed  by  five  scales.  Nutlets  attached 
laterally,  spreading. 

1.  C.  officinale  L.  HOUND'S  TONGUE.  Pubescent  biennial,  2°-4° 
high  :  leaves  oblong  to  lanceolate,  the  lower  slender-petioled,  the  upper 
sessile  :  corolla  4//-5//  broad,  reddish-purple. — Not  uncommonly  intro- 
duced in  fields.  May-July. 

2.     LAPPULA  Moench.     STICKSEED. 

Corolla  salver-form,  its  throat  closed  by  five  small  scales.  Nutlets 
attached  laterally,  erect. 

Leaves  linear  to  linear  oblong. 

Pricklets  on  margin  of  nutlets  in  two  rows.  1.  L.  Myosotis. 

Pricklets  on  margin  of  nutlets  in  one  row.  2.  L.  Texana. 

Leaves  ovate-oblong.  •         3.  L.  Virginiana. 

1.  L.  Myosotis   Moench.     Annual,    l°-2°   high,    hirsute-pubescent  : 
flowers  white  or  blue  :  pricklets  in  two  rows  on  the  margins  of  the  nut- 
lets.— Rarely  found  in  waste  places  around  Kansas  City.     May-July. 

2.  L.  Texana  (Scheele)  Britton.     Erect  or  spreading  annual,  4/-20/ 
high,  hirsute-pubescent :  flowers  white  or  blue :  prickles  in  one  row  on 
the  margins  of  the  nutlets  :   pricklets  sometimes  united  into  a  cup. — 
Sparingly  adventized  along  railroads  from  Kansas  City  to  Courtney  and 
Atherton.     May-June. 

3.  L.  Virginiana  (L.)  Greene.     BEGGAR'S  TICKS.     Biennial,  2°-4° 
high,  strigose-hirsute  :  radical  leaves  round-ovate  :  flowers  white  :  fruit- 


BORAGINACEAE  157 

ing  pedicels  recurved  :  nutlets  covered  on  the  margins  and  back  with 
pricklets. — Common  in  woods  throughout.     July-September. 

3.     MBRTENSIA  Roth. 

Corolla  trumpet-shaped,  its  throat  naked  (in  ours). 

1.  M.  Virginica  (L.)  DC.  BLUE  BELLS.  Perennial,  l°-2°  high,  very 
glabrous  :  leaves  obovate,  petioled  :  flowers  in  corymb-like  racemes  very 
showy,  V  long. — Locally  common  in  rich  woods  near  Sheffield,  Little 
Blue  Tank  to  Adams,  and  Grain  Valley.  April-May. 

4.     MYOSOTIS  L. 

Corolla  salver-form,  its  throat  crested.  Flowers  in  one-sided  ra- 
cemes. 

1.  M.  Virginica  (L.)  B.S.P.  FORGET-ME-NOT.  Hispid  annual,  3'- 
12'  high  :  leaves  linear-oblong  to  spatulate :  fruiting  pedicels  short  : 
calyx  hairs  with  hooked  tips  :  sepals  unequal :  flowers  small,  whitish. — 
Sandy  soil  in  the  Missouri  River  bottom  from  Kansas  City  to  Sibley  ; 
possibly  not  native.  April-May. 

5.     LITHOSPERMUM  L. 

Corolla  salver-form  to  funnel-form,  its  throat  crested  or  pubescent. 
Flowers  in  leafy  bracted  spikes. 

Flowers  white  or  whitish-yellow. 

Annual  or  biennial.  1.  L.  arvense. 

Perennial.  2.  L.  latifolium. 
Flowers  bright  yellow. 

Stems  hirsute.  3.  L.  canescens. 

Stems  appressed-pubescent.  4.  L.  hnearifolium. 

1.  L.  arvense  L.     CORN  GROMWELL.     6/-20/  high,  appressed-pubes- 
cent:  leav es  linear- lanceolate  :  corolla  3X/ long  :  nutlets  brown  and  pitted. 
— Locally  adventized  in  waste  places.      Westport,   Independence,  and 
Grain  Valley.     April-May. 

2.  L.  latifolium  Michx.     WOOD  GROMWELL.     l£°-3°   high,  rough- 
puberulent :  leaves  ovate-lanceolate  :  corolla  2//-3//  long  :  nutlets  white, 
smooth  and  shining.     Rarely  occurs  in  rich  woods.     Westport  and  along 
the  Little  Blue  River  ;  also  near  Quindaro,  Kansas.     May-June. 

3.  L.  canescens  (Michx.)  Lehm.     HOARY  PUCCOON.    Perennial,  6'- 
15'  high,  hoary  :   leaves   linear-oblong  :   corolla   6X/   long,  not  bearded 
within,  its  lobes  entire  :  nutlets  white,  smooth  and  shining. — Frequent 
on  prairies  and  rocky  hills  throughout  the  southern  part.     April-May. 

4.  L.  linearifolium  Goldie.     PUCCOON.     Perennial,  G'-IS'  high,  stri- 
gose-pubescent  :  leaves  linear  :  corolla  V  long,  its  lobes  erose-denticulate  : 
later  flowers  small  and  cleistogamous  :  nutlets  white,  smooth  and  shining. 
— Rocky  woods  and  prairies  near  Westport,  Waldo  Park  and  Little  Blue 
Tank.     Local.     April-May. 


158  VERBENACEAE 

6.     ONOSMODIUM  Michx.    FALSE  GROMWKLL. 
Flowers  greenish-white  in  elongated,  leafy  racemes  :  corolla  tubular, 
not  appendaged,  its  lohes  acute  :  nutlets  smooth,  bony. 

Plant  green  or  greenish-yellow.  1.   0.  Carolinianum. 

Plant  grayish-green.  2.  0.  molle. 

1.  O.  Carolinianum    (Lam.)  DC.     2°-4£°   high,    very   rough-pubes- 
cent :  leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  acute  :  nutlets  \\'f  long,  ovoid-globose. — 
Frequent  throughout  in  dry  ground.     June-July. 

2.  O.  molle  Michx.     l°-2°  high,  grayish,  less  pubescent :  leaves  ovate- 
lanceolate,  acute  :  nutlets  2"  long,  ovoid. — Frequent  on  prairies  through- 
out the  southern  part.     May-June. 

7.     SYMPHYTUM  L. 

Rough-hairy  perennials  with  flowers  in  raceme-like  clusters.  Corolla 
tubular,  inflated,  its  lobes  obtusish.  Scar  left  by  nut  broad,  concave, 
toothed. 

1.  S.  officinale  L.  COMFREY.  2°-3°  high:  leaves  ovate-lanceolate, 
decurrent  on  the  stem  :  corolla  yellowish-white,  8"  long  — Sparingly 
escaped  from  cultivation  at  Independence.  June-July. 

8.     ECHIUM  L. 

Bristly-hairy  herbs  with  flowers  in  leafy -bracted  spikes.  Corolla  tubu- 
lar-funnel-form, its  limb  with  unequally  spreading  lobes.  Styles  and 
stamens  exserted. 

1.  E.  vulgare  L.  BLUEWEED.  l°-3°  high  :  leaves  oblong  to  linear- 
lanceolate,  sessile  :  flowers  reddish-blue,  nearly  V  long.  Rarely  adven- 
tized  along  railroads  near  Sheffield  and  Lee's  Summit.  June-August. 

FAMILY  107.    VERBENACEAE  J.  St.  Hil. 

Herbs  with  opposite  leaves  and  perfect  flowers.  Divisions  of  calyx  and 
corolla  five  each.  Stamens  four,  didynamous,  alternate  with  the  corolla 
lobes.  Ovary  superior,  2-4-celled,  each  cell  1-ovuled,  separating  at  ma- 
turity into  2-4  indehiscent  nutlets.  Style  one.  Stigmas  one  or  two. 

Nutlets  four.  1.  VERBENA. 

Nutlets  two.  2.  PHYLA. 

1.     VERBENA  L.     VERVAIN. 

Flowers  in  spikes,  bracted.  Corolla  somewhat  irregular,  its  limb  5- 
lobed.  Ours  are  perennials.  Many  hybrids  occur. 

Plants  strictly  erect. 
Leaves  distinctly  petioled. 

Flowers  white.  1.    V.  urticaefolia. 

Flowers  blue.  2.    V.  hastata. 

Leaves  sessile. 

Leaves  linear  to  lanceolate.  3.    V.  angustifolia. 

Leaves  ovate  to  oblong.  4.    V.  stricta. 


LABIATAE  159 

Plants  ascending  or  procumbent. 

Corolla  2"  long.  5.    V.  bracteosa. 

Corolla  6"  or  more  long. 

Corolla  reddish-purple.  6.    V.  Canadensis. 

Corolla  bluish-purple.  7.    V.  bipinnatifida. 

1.  V.  urticaefolia  L.     Pubescent,  2°-5°  high  :  leaves  ovate-oblong,  ser- 
rate :  spikes  filiform,  much  elongated  :  flowers  scattered. — Common  in 
fields  and  waste  places.     June-September. 

2.  V.  hastata  L.     Puberulent,  2°-6°  high  :  leaves  oblong- lanceolate, 
serrate,  sometimes  3-lobed  :  spikes  slender,  densely  flowered. — Not  un- 
common in  fields  and  waste  places.     May-September. 

3.  V.  angustifolia  Michx.     Slightly  pubescent,   6x-2°  high  :   leaves 
somewhat  toothed  :   spikes  slender,   densely  flowered  :   flowers  blue. — 
Common  in  barrens  throughout  the  southern  part.     June-September. 

4.  V.  stricta  Vent.     Soft-pubescent,  2°-4°  high  :  leaves  serrate  :  spikes 
stout,  closely  flowered  :  flowers  blue. — Abundant  in  fields  and  waste  places. 
June-September. 

5.  V.  bracteosa  Michx.     Eough-pubescent :  leaves  pinnately  incised, 
usually  3-parted  :  spikes  dense  and  stout,  with  long  bracts  :  flowers  blue. 
— Common  in  sandy  soil  and  in  waste  places.     April-September. 

6.  V.  Canadensis  (L.)  Britton.     WILD  VERBENA.     Somewhat  pubes 
cent :  leaves  more  or  less  pinnately  parted  and  toothed,  often  3-cleft : 
flowers  showy,  6"-8"  broad,  in  dense  capitate  spikes  :  bracts  usually  not 
longer  than  the  calyx. — Common  on  rocky  prairies  and  in  barrens  through- 
out the  southwestern  part.     May-September. 

7.  V.  bipinnatifida  Nutt.     Eesembles  the  last  but  has  smaller  deeper 
purple  flowers,  the  leaves  are  more  divided  and  the  bracts  often  surpass 
the  calyx. — Found  at  Sheffield  and  Courtney  as  a  waif.     May-September. 

2.     PHYLA  Greene. 

Corolla  somewhat  2-lipped,  the  lower  lip  3-lobed,  the  upper  notched. 

1.  P.  lanceolata  (Michx.)  Greene.  FOG-FRUIT.  Extensively  creep- 
ing, appressed- pubescent :  leaves  ovate  to  oblong-lanceolate,  serrate  above : 
flowers  in  dense  capitate  spikes  on  peduncles  exceeding  the  leaves. — Com- 
mon in  wet  places.  June-October. 

FAMILY  108.    LABIATAE  B.  Juss. 

Aromatic  herbs  with  square  stems,  opposite  leaves  and  no  stipules. 
Divisions  of  calyx  five,  rarely  four.  Corolla  gamopetalous,  4-5-lobed, 
regular  or  2  lipped.  Stamens  four,  or  two.  Ovary  superior,  4-lobed,  or 
4-parted,  each  cell  containing  a  single  erect  ovule.  Style  solitary, 
2-lobed  at  the  summit.  Fruit  of  four  1-seeded  nutlets. 

Corolla  regular  or  nearly  so. 

Flowers  blue.  2.  ISANTHUS. 

Flowers  white  ;  fertile  stamens  four.  19.  MENTHA. 

Flowers  white  ;  fertile  stamens  two.  18.  LYCOPUS. 

Corolla  irregular. 


160 


LABIATAE 


Fertile  stamens  two. 

Calyx  gibbous  below.  15.  HEDEOMA. 

Calyx  not  gibbous  below. 

Calyx  equally  5-toothed.  13.  MONARDA. 

Calyx  2- lipped. 

Flowers  blue.  12.  SALVIA. 

Flowers  whitish.  14.  BLEPHILIA. 

Fertile  stamens  four. 
Calyx  2-lipped. 

Calyx  with  a  protuberance  above.  3.  SCUTELLARIA. 

Calyx  with  no  protuberance  above. 

Flowers  in  axillary  clusters.  16.  MELISSA. 

Flowers  in  terminal  spikes. 

Upper  lip  of  corolla  strongly  arched.  7.  PRUNELLA. 

Upper  lip  of  corolla  not  arched.  20.  PERILLA. 

Calyx  not  2-lipped. 

Flowers  in  terminal  spikes. 

Upper  pair  of  stamens  the  longer. 

Corolla  greenish-yellow  or  bluish.  5.  AGASTACHE. 

Corolla  white,  purple-dotted.  6.  NEPETA. 

Lower  pair  of  stamens  the  longer. 

Corolla  seemingly  1-Iipped.  1.  TEUCRIUM. 

Corolla  2-lipped. 

Flowers  not  whorled.  8.  PHYSOSTEGIA. 

Flowers  whorled.  11.  STACHYS. 

Flowers  in  axillary  clusters. 

Calyx  teeth  often  ten.  4.  MARRUBIUM. 

Calyx  teeth  five. 

Calyx  teeth  spiny -pointed.  9.  LEONURUS. 

Calyx  teeth  not  spiny  -pointed. 

Upper  pairs  of  stamens  the  longer.  6.  NEPETA. 

Lower  pair  of  stamens  the  longer.  10.  LAMIUM. 

Flowers  in  terminal  capitate  clusters.  17.  KOELLIA. 


1.    TEUCRIUM  L.    WOOD  SAGE. 

Four  upper  lobes  of  corolla  small,  the  lower  prominent.  Flowers  pur- 
plish rose-colored. 

Calyx  canescent.  1.   T.  Canadense. 

Calyx  villous.  2.  T.  occidental. 

1.  T.  Canadense  L.     Perennial,  l°-3°  high,  downy  :  leaves  ovate-lan- 
ceolate, serrate,  petioled  :   flowers  6//  long. — Abundant  throughout  in 
woodlands.     June-September. 

2.  T.  oceldentale  A.  Gray.     Resembles  the  last  but  flowers  brighter 
colored,  and  plant  villous  throughout. — Locally  common  on  prairies, 
Dodson,  Lake  City,  Atherton  and  Sibley.     June-September. 

2.     ISANTHUS  Michx. 

Flowers  axillary.     Corolla  bell-shaped,  its  tube  not  exceeding  the  calyx. 

1.  I.  brachiatus  (L. )  B.S.P.  FALSE  PENNYROYAL.  Annual,  6X-15' 
high,  viscid-pubescent :  leaves  lance-oblong  :  corolla  2//-3//  long. — Not 
uncommon  in  barrens  throughout  the  southern  part.  July- September. 


LABIATAE  161 

3.     SCUTELLARIA  L. 

Upper  lip  of  corolla  arched,  the  lower  spreading,  its  lateral  lobes  some- 
what connected  with  the  upper  lip.  Flowers  blue. 

Flowers  in  spikes. 

Flowers  3X/  long.  1.  8.  lateriflora. 

Flowers  over  6"  long.  2.  S.  cordifolia. 

Flowers  axillary. 

Corolla  8"  long.  3.  8.  galericulata. 

Corolla  4"  long. 

Nearly  glabrous.  4.  8.  parvula. 

Strongly  pubescent.  5.  &  campestris. 

1.  S.  lateriflora  L.     Perennial,  glabrous  :  stems  ascending,  l°-3°  long  : 
leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  petioled,  serrate. — Often  abundant  in  wet  woods. 
July-October. 

2.  S.   cordifolia   Muhl.      Perennial,    pubescent,    l°-2°   high,    erect : 
leaves  round-ovate,  rugose,  serrate,  strongly  cordate  at  base,  petioled. — 
Not  uncommon  in  rich  woods  throughout.     June-July. 

3.  S.  galericulata  L.     Perennial  by  stolons,  smoothish,  l°-3°  high, 
ascending  :   leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  serrate,  nearly  sessile. — One  clump 
found  in  Rush  Bottom  near  Courtney.     July-August. 

4.  S.  parvula  Michx.     Perennial  by  tuberiferous  stolons,  4/-12/  high  : 
leaves  ovate,  usually  entire,  the  upper  sessile. — In  barrens  throughout, 
especially  in  the  southern  part.     April-May. 

5.  S.  campestris  Britton.     Like  the  last,  but  strongly  pubescent,  the 
leaves  larger,   ovate-orbicular  and   nearly  entire. — Barrens  and   sandy 
woods  from  Lee's  Summit  to  Leeds,  Dodson  and  southward.     Locally 
common.     April-May. 

4.     MARRUBIUM  L. 

Calyx  lobes  spiny-tipped.     Stamens  included  in  the  tube  of  the  corolla. 

1.  M.  vulgare  L.  WHITE  HOARHOUND.  Stems  l°-2°  high,  very 
woolly  :  leaves  round-ovate,  petioled,  rugose,  crenate  :  flowers  whitish. 
— In  waste  places  near  Kansas  City,  Independence,  etc.  Not  uncommon. 
May-October. 

5.     AGASTACHE  Clayt.     GIANT  HYSSOP. 

Upper  lobes  of  the  calyx  slightly  the  longer.  Stamens  exserted.  An- 
ther sacs  parallel.  Lower  lip  of  corolla  spreading,  the  middle  lobe 
crenate. 

Flowers  purplish.  1.  A.  scrophulariacfolia. 

Flowers  greenish-yellow.  2.  A.  nepetoides. 

1.  A.  scrophulariaefolia  (Willd.)  Kuntze.     Pubescent,  3°-6°  high  : 
leaves   ovate-cordate,    serrate,    petioled  :    bracts  glabrous,    crenulate. — 
Locally  common  in  woods  near  Buckner,  Independence,  Sibley  and  Little 
Blue  Tank.     July-October. 
11 


162  LABIATAE 

2.  A.  nepetoides  (L.)  Kuntze.  Like  the  last  but  glabrous:  bracts 
entire,  ciliate. — Rather  frequent  in  woods  and  thickets  throughout. 

July-October. 

6.     NEPETA  L. 

Upper  lip  of  corolla  erect,  the  lower  spreading,  3-lobed.  Stamens 
ascending  under  the  upper  lip.  Anther  sacs  divergent. 

Flowers  whitish,  purple-dotted.  1.  N.  Cataria. 

Flowers  blue.  2.  N.  hederacea. 

1.  N.  Cataria  L.     CATNIP.     l°-3°  high,  whitish-downy  :  leaves  ob- 
long-cordate, crenate-dentate,   petioled  :  corolla  6"  long. — Common  in 
waste  places.     June-September. 

2.  N.  hederaoea  (L. )  B.S.P.     GROUND  IVY.      Pubescent,    trailing 
perennial :  leaves  cordate,  crenate,  petioled  :  flowers  blue,  7"  long. — In 
waste  places  and  woods  at   Kansas  City,  Independence,  Courtney  and 
Adams.     Locally  abundant.     April-October. 

7.     PRUNELLA  L. 

Upper  lip  of  calyx  truncate,  with  three  small  teeth,  the  lower  2-cleft. 
Upper  lip  of  corolla  arched,  embracing  the  stamens.  Flowers  in  dense 
bracted  spikes. 

1.  P.  vulgaris  L.  SELF  HEAL.  Slightly  pubescent,  ascending  peren- 
nial about  1°  high :  leaves  ovate- lanceolate,  petioled,  slightly  crenate  : 
corolla  purplish,  6X/  long. — Not  uncommon  throughout  in  open  woods 
and  fields.  June-October. 

8.     PHYSOSTEGIA  Benth.     FALSE  DRAGONHEAD. 

Corolla  somewhat  inflated  above,  its  upper  lip  arched,  entire,  the  lower 
one  somewhat  spreading.  3-lobed.  Anther  cells  parallel. 

1.  P.  Virginiana  (L.)  Benth.  OBEDIENT  PLANT.  1°-3J°  high,  gla- 
brous :  leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  serrate,  thick,  not  petioled  :  spikes  6X 
long,  densely  flowered  :  corolla  12//  long,  rose-purple. — In  low  woods 
throughout,  especially  in  the  Missouri  bottoms.  July-September. 

9.     LEONURUS  L. 

Upper  lip  of  corolla  arched,  entire,  the  lower  spreading,  3-lobed.  An- 
ther cells  parallel. 

1.  L.  Cardiaca  L.  MOTHERWORT.  l°-4°  high,  puberulent  :  leaves 
long  petioled,  the  lower  orbicular  and  palmately  cleft,  the  upper  cuneate 
at  base,  3-cleft  above  :  corolla  pale  purple,  densely  woolly. — In  waste 
places  around  houses.  Not  uncommon.  May-October. 

10.     LAMIUM  L. 

Upper  lip  of  corolla  arched,  entire,  the  lower  spreading  with  its  middle 
lobe  strongly  contracted  at  base  and  its  lateral  lobes  small.  Anther  cells 
divergent. 


LABIATAE  163 

1.  L.  amplexicaule  L.  HENBIT.  Annual,  pubescent,  ascending  : 
leaves  orbicular,  sessile  or  clasping,  crenately-lobed  :  corolla  purplish, 
6"  long. — In  Idle  wild  Park  near  Independence.  Locally  frequent. 
April-June. 

11.    STACHYS  L.    HEDGE  NETTLE. 

Corolla  purple,  not  inflated  upward,  the  upper  lip  somewhat  arched, 
entire,  the  lower  spreading,  3-lobed.  Anther  cells  divergent. 

Calyx  strongly  hairy. 

Petioles  3//  or  less  long.  1.  S.  palustris. 

Petioles  3"-12"  long.  2.  S.  aspera. 

Calyx  glabrous  or  nearly  so.  3.  S.  tenuifolia. 

1.  S.  palustria  L.     Perennial,   l°-4°  high,  hirsute  :  leaves  oblong- 
lanceolate,  dentate,  hairy  :  corolla  5/ '-ft"  long. — In  low  grounds  in  the 
Missouri  Kiver  bottoms.     Common.     July-September. 

2.  S.  aspera  Michx.     Perennial,  l°-30thigh  :  leaves  oblong-lanceolate, 
crenate-dentate,  more  or  less  hairy  :  corolla  W-k"  long. — Infrequent  in 
low  grounds  throughout.     June-September. 

3.  S.  tenuifolia  Willd.     Resembles  the  last  but  is  smooth  or  nearly  so 
throughout. — Common  in  low  woods.     June-September. 

12.     SALVIA  L.     WILD  SAGE. 

Ours  are  herbs  with  racemose-spicate  blue  flowers.  Upper  lip  of  corolla 
concave,  nearly  entire,  the  lower  spreading,  3-lobed.  Connective  of  the 
anthers  bearing  a  perfect  anther  sac  at  the  upper  end,  and  an  imperfect 
one  or  none  at  all  at  the  lower. 

Corolla  8//-12//  long.  1.  S.  Pitcheri. 

Corolla  4"  long.  2.  S.  lanceolata. 

1.  S.  Pitcheri  Torr.      Perennial,   3°-6°  high,  cinereous-puberulent : 
leaves  oblong-linear,  dentate,  short-petioled  or  sessile  :  tube  of  corolla 
prominently  exserted. — In  dry  soil  throughout,  especially  abundant  in 
barrens  in  the  southwestern  part.     July-September. 

2.  S.  lanceolata  Willd.      Annual,  6/-24/  high,  puberulent:  leaves 
lanceolate,  serrate,  petioled  :  tube  of  corolla  not  exserted. — Adventized 
in  fields  and  waste  places.     Rather  common.     June-September. 

13.     MONARDA  L. 

Calyx  15-nerved,  villous  in  the  throat.  Upper  lip  of  corolla  oblong- 
linear,  arched,  entire,  the  lower  spreading,  3-lobed  at  the  apex.  Anther 
sacs  divaricate,  more  or  less  confluent  at  base. 

Flower  clusters  terminal.  1.  M.  scalra. 

Flower  clusters  axillary  and  terminal.  2.  M.  citriodora. 

1.  M.  scabra  Beck.  WILD  BERGAMOT.  Perennial,  l°-4°  high: 
leaves  rounded  at  base,  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  serrate,  soft  canes- 
cent  :  calyx  teeth  short,  subulate :  corolla  reddish -purple,  15"  long. — 
Abundant  on  dry  hills.  June-August. 


1 64  LABIATAE 

2.  M.  citriodora  Cerv.  LEMON  MINT.  Annual,  l°-3°  high,  puberu- 
lent :  leaves  lanceolate,  nearly  sessile,  sharply  serrate  :  calyx  teeth 
bristle-pointed:  corolla  pinkish  or  whitish,  V  long. — Sparingly  adventized 
near  Sheffield.  July-August. 

14.  BLEPHILIA  Eaf. 

Calyx  13-nerved,  not  villous  in  the  throat,  the  three  upper  teeth  awned, 
the  two  lower  shorter.  Corolla,  etc.,  as  in  Monarda.  Flowers  in  glomer- 
ules,  forming  terminal  spikes. 

1.  B.  hirsuta  (Pursh)  Torr.  WOOD  MINT.  Perennial,  l°-3°  high, 
pubescent :  leaves  ovate,  sharply  serrate,  slender-petioled :  outer  bracts 
linear-lanceolate,  acuminate  pointed. — Common  throughout  in  rich 

woods.  June-August. 

15.  HEDEOMA  Pers. 

Ours  are  annuals  with  blue,  axillary  clustered  flowers.  Calyx  13-nerved. 
Upper  lip  of  corolla  erect,  emarginate,  the  lower  3-lobed,  spreading. 
Anther  sacs  divergent. 

Leaves  ovate- oblong,  serrate,  petioled.  1.  H.  pulegioides. 

Leaves  linear,  entire,  sessile.  2.  H.  hispida. 

1.  H.  pulegioides  (L.)  Pers.     PENNYROYAL.     S'-IS'  high,  hairy  : 
corolla  3X/  long  :  sterile  filaments  manifest. — Abundant  in  dry  woods. 
August-October. 

2.  H.  hispida  Pursh.    SPRING  PENNYROYAL.      S'-IS'  high,  pubes- 
cent: corolla  3/x  long:   sterile  filaments   none. — Common   in   barrens 
throughout.  April- June. 

16.     MELISSA  L. 

Calyx  13-nerved,  its  upper  lip  three-toothed,  the  lower  2-parted. 
Upper  lip  of  corolla  notched,  the  lower  3-parted.  Anther  sacs  divaricate. 

1.  M.  officinalis  L.  GARDEN  BALM.  Perennial,  pubescent,  l°-3° 
high  :  leaves  ovate,  petioled,  crenate  :  corolla  67/  long,  whitish. — Along 
roadsides  near  Independence.  Rare.  July-September. 

17.     KOELLIA  Moench.     MOUNTAIN  MINT. 

Tufted  perennials,  l°-3°  high,  with  white,  purplish-dotted  flowers. 
Calyx  about  13-nerved,  equally  5-toothed  in  ours.  Upper  lip  of  corolla 
nearly  entire,  a  little  arched,  the  lower  3-lobed,  spreading.  Anther 
cells  parallel. 

Stems  smooth.  1.  K.  flexuosa. 
Stems  pubescent  to  downy. 
Leaves  entire. 

Plant  minutely  pubescent.  2.  K.  Virginiana. 

Plant  hoary-pubescent.  3.  K.  pilosa. 

Leaves  serrulate.  4.  K.  verticillata. 

1.  K.  flexuosa  (Walt.)  MacM.  Nearly  glabrous  throughout  :  leaves 
narrowly  linear,  entire :  heads  2//-4//  broad  :  calyx  teeth  pungently 


LABIATAE  165 

pointed.— Frequent  throughout,  especially  in  the  southern  part  in  dry 
woods  and  prairies.     June-August. 

2.  K.  Virginiana   (L. )    MacM.     Leaves    linear-lanceolate,  somewhat 
pubescent  :  calyx  tube  triangular,  merely  acute  :  heads  downy,  often  6X/ 
broad. — Frequent  in  dry  woods  throughout.     June-August. 

3.  K.  pilosa  (Nutt.)  Britton.      Leaves  lanceolate,  pubescent:  calyx 
teeth  lanceolate-subulate  :  heads  villous-pubescent,  4//-7//  broad. — Fre- 
quent throughout  in  dry  grounds.     June- August. 

4.  K.  verticillata  (Michx.)  Kuntze.     Resembles  the  last,  but  merely 
puberulent :  calyx  teeth  subulate. — Dry  soil  near  Sheffield.    June-August. 

18.  LYCOPUS  L. 

Flowers  in  axillary  clusters.     Calyx  (4-5-toothed)  and  corolla  (4-lobed) 
nearly  equal  in  length.     Anther  sacs  parallel. 

Basal  stolons  long  and  numerous.  1.  L.  Virginieus. 

Basal  stolons  not  present.  2.  L.  Americanus. 

1.  L.  Virginieus  L.     BUGLE  WEED.     l°-3°  high  :   leaves  ovate-lan- 
ceolate, acuminate,  petioled,  serrate  :  calyx  teeth  four,  shorter  than  the 
mature  nutlets. — In  wet  woods  along  streams  throughout.     Locally  fre- 
quent.    July-October. 

2.  L.  Americanus  Muhl.     WATER  HOARHOUND.     l°-2°  high  :  leaves 
ovate-lanceolate,  sinuate-pinnatifid,  petioled  :  calyx  teeth  five,  cuspidate- 
pointed. — Common  in  wet  grounds.     July-October. 

19.  MENTHA  L. 

Strongly  scented  herbs  with  white  flowers  in  axillary  or  spicate  whorls. 
Calyx  5-toothed.     Corolla  4-cleft.     Stamens  equal. 

Flowers  all  axillary.  1.  M.  Canadensis. 
Flowers  spicate. 

Leaves  not  white-woolly  beneath. 

Leaves  nearly  sessile.  2.  M.  spicala. 

Leaves  petioled.  3.  M.  piperita. 

Leaves  white-woolly  beneath.  4.  M.  alopecuroides. 

1.  M.  Canadensis  L.     WILD  MINT.     6/-2°  high,  pubescent  to  gla- 
brate:    leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  serrate,  short  petioled :   calyx  hairy  all 
over,  its  teeth  subulate. — Common  throughout  in  moist  grounds.     July- 
October. 

2.  M.  spicata  L.     SPEARMINT.     l°-2°  high,  glabrous  :  leaves  oblong- 
lanceolate,  sharply  serrate  :  spikes  slim,  narrow,  the  bracts  usually  con- 
spicuous.— Along  brooks  around   Independence.      Uncommon.      July- 
September. 

3.  M.  piperita  L.     PEPPERMINT.     Eesembles  the  last :  spikes  thick, 
dense,  the  bracts  less  conspicuous. — Along  brooks  around  Independence. 
Infrequent.     July-September. 

4.  M.  alopecuroides  Hull.     WOOLLY  MINT.     2°  high,  white-pubes- 
cent :  leaves  broadly  oval,  obtuse,  sharply  serrate,  short-petioled  :  spikes 


166  SOLANACEAE 

dense,  stout.— Quite  a  patch  along  the  road  near  27th  Street  and  the  Kay- 
town  Eoad,  Kansas  City.     July- August. 

20.     PERILLA  Ard. 

Calyx  enlarging  in  fruit,  the  upper  lip  truncate,  3-toothed,  the  lower 
2-cleft.  Corolla  5- cleft,  somewhat  irregular.  Flowers  purplish  in  terminal 
panicled  spikes. 

1.  P.  frutescens  (L. )  Britton.  Annual,  purplish,  2°-3°  high,  pubes- 
cent :  leaves  long-petioled,  ovate,  coarsely  dentate  :  corolla  2X/  long. — 
Waste  places  near  Kansas  City,  Courtney  and  Independence  ;  abundant 
in  woods  near  Pixleys.  September. 

FAMILY  109.     SOLANACEAE  Pers. 

Plants  with  non-stipulate  alternate  leaves  and  perfect  regular  flowers. 
Calyx  and  corolla  each  5-lobed.  Stamens  5,  alternate  with  the  lobes  of 
the  corolla,  epipetalous.  Ovary  superior,  2-celled,  or  3-5-celled,  many 
ovuled.  Style  and  stigma  solitary.  Fruit  a  capsule  or  berry. 

Non- woody  plants. 
Corolla  bell-shaped  or  spreading, 
Fruiting  calyx  bladdery-inflated  and  enclosing 

the  berry. 

Corolla  blue.  1.  PHYSALODES. 

Corolla  yellow.  2.  PHYSALIS. 

Fruiting  calyx  not  inflated   and   usually  not 

enclosing  tne  berry. 

Plants  prickly.  3.  SOLANUM. 

Plants  not  prickly. 

Flowers  not  yellow.  3.  SOLANUM. 

Flowers  yellow.  4.  LYCOPERSICON. 

Corolla  funnel-form.  6.  DATURA. 

Woody  plants.  5.  LYCIUM. 

1.     PHYSALODES  Boehm. 

Fruiting  calyx  5-angled,  5-parted.  Berry  3-5-celled,  dry.  Flowers 
axillary. 

1.  P.  Peruvianum  Kunth.  APPLE-OF-PERU.  2°-6°  high,  smooth: 
leaves  ovate,  sinuate-toothed,  long-petioled. — Escaped  from  gardens  near 
Atherton.  July-September. 

2.    PHYSALIS  L.    GROUND  CHERRY. 

Fruiting  calyx  5-angled,  5-cleft  and  10-ribbed.  Berry  2-celled,  pulpy. 
Flowers  axillary.  Leaves  petioled. 

Annuals  with  fibrous  roots. 
Corolla  with  a  dark  center. 

Leaves  entire  near  the  base.  1.  P.  pubescens. 

Leaves  sinuate  to  the  base. 

Leaves  strongly  oblique  at  base.  2.  P.  pruinosa. 

Leaves  barely  oblique  at  base.  3.  P.  Barbadensis. 

Corolla  without  a  dark  center.  4.  P.  Missouriensis. 

Perennials. 


SOLANACEAE  167 

Leaves  not  hairy.  5.  P.  subglabrata. 

Leaves  more  or  less  hairy. 
Leaves  entire. 

Pubescence  sparse,  not  branching.  6.  P.  lanceolata. 

Pubescence  heavy,  branching.  7.  P.  pumila. 

Leaves  sinuate-dentate. 

Pubescence  sparse.  8.    P.  Virginiana. 

Pubescence  strong  and  dense.  9.   P.  heterophylla. 

1.  P.    pubescens    L.      Stems    slender,  ascending,  villous-pubescent, 
branching  from  the  base,  6M8'   high  :   leaves  ovate,  oblique  at  base, 
nearly  entire  :  fruiting  calyx  acuminate,  sharply  5-angled. — In  low  sandy 
woods  along  the  Missouri  River.     Uncommon.     July-September. 

2.  P.  pruinosa  L.     Stems  stout,  the  branches  prostrate  and  widely 
spreading,  strongly  pubescent:  leaves  ovate:  fruiting  calyx  resembling 
the  last. — In  waste  places,  usually  in  hog- lots,  Martin  City,  Sibley,  Grain 
Valley,  Sheffield,  Independence.     June-October. 

3.  P.  Barbadensis  Jacq.     Resembles  No.  1  but  is  stouter  :  stems  erect, 
branching  above  :  leaves  repand-dentate  :  fruiting  calyx  long  acuminate. 
— In  sandy  woods  along  the  Missouri   River.     Uncommon.     July-Sep- 
tember. 

4.  P.  Missouriensis  Mackenzie  &  Bush,  n.  sp.     Stems  G'-IS'  high, 
viscid-pubescent :  leaves  ovate,  sinuate-dentate,  strongly  oblique  at  base  : 
flowers  3"-4"  broad  :  calyx  lobes  triangular  :  anthers  purplish  :  fruiting 
calyx  ovoid,  indistinctly  angled,  sunken  at  base  :  berry  very  glutinous. — 
Rather  common  on  rocky  hillsides.     June-September.     This  is  P.  Laga- 
scae  Rydb.,  Vol.  III.,  Britton  and  Brown,  111.  Flora,  125,  not  P.  Lagascae 
R.  &S. 

5.  P.  subglabrata  Mackenzie  &  Bush,  n.  sp.     l°-2°  high,  nearly  gla- 
brous   throughout  :    leaves   ovate-lanceolate,    slightly    sinuate-dentate  : 
corolla  10"  broad,  yellow  with  a  dark  center  :  anthers  purplish  :  fruiting 
calyx  10-angled,  sunken  at  base,  acuminate. — Common  in  waste  places. 
May-September.     (Has  been  referred  to  P.  Philadelphica  Lam. ) 

6.  P.  lanceolata  Michx.     6/-12/  high,  spreading  :  leaves  oblanceolate 
to  spatulate  :  corolla  8//  wide,  with  a  dark  center  :  fruiting  calyx  scarcely 
angled,    not  sunken  at  the  base. — Sparingly  adventized   at  Sheffield. 
May-June. 

7.  P.  pumila  Nutt.     l°-2°  high,  erect  :  leaves  ovate  to  oblong-lanceo- 
late :  corolla  8"  wide,  with  a  dark  center :  fruiting  calyx  angled,  sunken 
at  base. — Common  on  prairies  and  barrens  in  the  southern  part.     May- 
July. 

8.  P.  Virginiana  Mill.     l°-2°  high,  more  or  less  hairy  :  leaves  ovate- 
lanceolate,  from  strongly  toothed  to  nearly  entire :   corolla  10//  wide, 
with  a  dark  center:  fruiting  calyx  sunken  at  base,  5-angled. — Frequent 
in  barrens  throughout,  especially  in  the  southern  part.     May-June. 

9.  P.  heterophylla  Nees.     6x-3°  high:    leaves  large,  ovate,  cordate, 
more  or  less  sinuately  toothed  :  corolla  about  10"  wide,  with  a  dark  cen- 


168  SOLANACEAE 

ter :  fruiting  calyx  pubescent,  angled,  sunken  at  base. — Common  in  fields 
and  waste  places.     May-September. 

Var.  nyctaginea  (Dunal.)  Kydb.  Leaves  subentire  and  less  pubes- 
cent.— In  waste  places  near  Kansas  City. 

3.     SOLANUM  L. 

Corolla  wbeel-shaped,  5-lobed.  Antbers  oblong,  opening  by  a  short 
terminal  slit  or  pore.  Berry  globose. 

Plants  not  prickly. 

Flowers  white  ;  berries  black.  1.  £.  nigrum. 

Flowers  blue  ;  berries  red.  2.  8.  Dulcamara. 

Plants  prickly. 

Flowers  yellow.  3.  S.  rostratum. 

Flowers  light  bluish. 

Plant  densely  silvery-canescent.  4.  8.  elaeagnifolium. 

Plant  hirsute,  not  silvery.  5.  S.  Carolinense. 

1.  S.  nigrum  L.  BLACK  NIGHTSHADE.  Annual,  l°-3°  high,  nearly  gla- 
brous :  leaves  ovate,  undulate,  petioled  :  flowers  4"  broad,  in  lateral,  um- 
bellately  3-10-flowered  clusters. — Common  in  waste  places.  July-October. 

2.  S.  Dulcamara  L.     BITTERSWEET.     Perennial,  more  or  less  climb- 
ing, hairy  :  leaves  ovate  or  hastate,  either  entire  or  with  two  lobes  at 
base  :  flowers  6"  broad,  in  compound  lateral  cymes. — In  waste  places  at 
Independence.     Locally  common.     June-August. 

3.  S.  rostratum  Dunal.     BUFFALO  BUR.     Annual,  6'-20  high,  pubes- 
cent and  usually  very  prickly  all  over  :  leaves  ovate  in  outline,    1-2- 
pinnatifid  :  flowers  racemose,  1'  broad  :  calyx  densely  prickly,  enclosing 
the  berry. — Commonly  adventized  in  waste  places.     May-October. 

4.  S.  elaeagnifolium  Cav.    WHITE  HORSE  NETTLE.    Perennial,  l°-3° 
high  :  leaves  oblong-linear  to  oblong-lanceolate,  nearly  entire  :  flowers 
violet-blue,  cymose,   10X/  broad. — Beginning  to  appear  along  railroads, 
Wayne  City,  Sheffield.     AugustnOctober. 

5.  S.  Carolinense  L.    HORSE  NETTLE.    Perennial,  l°-2°  high  :  leaves 
ovate-oblong,  repand  to  pinnatifid  :    flowers  light  violet,  cymose,   10" 
broad. — Abundant  in  waste  places.     July-October. 

4.     LYCOPERSICON  Mill. 

Herbs  with  pinnately  divided  leaves  and  small  yellow  flowers  in  lateral 
cymes.  Flowers  as  in  Solatium,  but  anthers  elongated,  longitudinally 
dehiscent. 

1.  L.  esculentum  Mill.  TOMATO.  67-3°  high,  viscid-pubescent :  leaf 
segments  ovate-lanceolate,  dentate  :  flowers  6//  broad  :  berries  reddish. — 
Frequently  found  in  waste  places  and  on  sand-bars  along  the  Missouri 
Eiver.  June-September. 

5.     LYCIUM  L. 

Woody,  usually  spiny,  shrubby  vines  with  entire  leaves  and  small  axil- 
lary flowers.  Corolla  funnel-form  or  salver-form,  5-lobed.  Berries  small, 
globose. 


SCROPHULARIACEAE 


1G9 


1.  L.  vulgare(Ait.  f. )  Dunal.  MATRIMONY  VINE.  Glabrous,  3°-10° 
long  :  leaves  lanceolate,  short-petioled  :  flowers  on  filiform  peduncles,  the 
corolla  purplish,  4"  broad. — Locally  common  in  waste  places  at  Kansas 
City,  Sibley  and  Independence.  July-September. 

6.     DATURA  L.     JIMSON  WEED. 

Rank  narcotic  weeds  with  axillary  short-peduncled,  showy  flowers. 
Calyx  prismatic,  5-toothed.  Corolla  funnel-form,  its  border  plaited. 
Fruit  a  prickly,  imperfectly  falsely  4-celled  capsule. 

Stem  green  ;  flowers  white.  1.  D.  Stramonium. 

Stem  purple;  flowers  violet.  2.  D.  Tatula. 

1.  D.  Stramonium   L.     2°-5°  high,    glabrous  :    leaves  ovate,    long- 
petioled,  irregularly  sinuate  :  flowers  3'-4x  long:  lower  prickles  of  the 
fruit  shorter  than  the  upper. — Common  in  barn-yards.     July-September. 

2.  D.  Tatula  L.     Closely  resembles  the   last  :   prickles  of    the  fruit 
about  equal. — Common  with  the  last.     July-September. 

FAMILY  110.  SCROPHULARIACEAE  Lindl. 
Herbs  with  non-stipulate  leaves  and  perfect  flowers.  Calyx  and  corolla 
divisions  4-5  each,  the  corolla  often  2-lipped.  Stamens  2,  4  or  5,  inserted 
on  and  alternate  with  the  corolla  lobes.  Ovary  superior.  2-celled,  usu- 
ally many-seeded.  Style  one.  Stigma  entire  or  2-lobed.  Fruit  a  sep- 
ticidal  or  loculicidal  capsule. 


Fertile  stamens  five.  1. 

Fertile  stamens  four  with  a  fifth,  sterile  one,  present. 


VERBASCUM. 

SCROPHULARIA. 

CHELOXE. 

PENTSTEMON. 
COLLIXSIA. 


Sterile  stamen  a  mere  scale.  3. 

Sterile  stamen  filiform. 

Stamens  very  woolly.  4. 

Stamens  not  woolly. 

Corolla  tubular.  5. 

Corolla  deeply  2-cleft.  6. 

Stamens  four  ;  all  fertile. 

Corolla  spurred.  2.  LIXARIA. 

Corolla  not  spurred. 

Corolla  plainly  2-lipped. 
Stamens  not  enclosed  in  upper  lip  of  corolla. 

Calyx  5-angled,  5  toothed.  7.  MIMULUS. 

Calyx  5-parted. 

Leaves  pinnatifid.  8.  CONOBEA. 

Leaves  not  pinnatifid.  9.  MONNIERA. 

Stamens  enclosed  in  upper  lip  of  corolla.          17.  PEDICULARIS. 
Corolla  scarcely  2-lipped. 

Flowers  on  scapes  12.  LIMOSELLA. 

Flowers  not  on  scapes. 

Flowers  yellow.  15.  AFZELIA. 

Flowers  pinkish.  16.  GERARDIA. 

Fertile  stamens  two. 
Calyx  5-parted. 

Sterile  filaments  short  or  wanting.  10.  GRATIOLA. 

Sterile  filaments  long,  2-lobed.  11.  ILYSANTHES. 

Calyx  4-parted. 

Leaves  opposite.  13.  VERONICA. 

Leaves  whorled.  14.  LEPTANDRA. 


170  SCROPHULAKIACEAE 

1.     VERBASCUM  L. 

Erect  herbs  with  alternate  leaves  and  spicate  or  racemose  flowers. 
Corolla  rotate,  5-lobed,  the  lobes  nearly  equal.  Three  or  all  the  fila- 
ments pilose. 

Plant  densely  woolly.  1.   F.  Thapsus. 

Plant  nearly  glabrous.  2.    V.  Blatiaria. 

1.  V.  Thapsus  L.     MULLEN.     2°-8°  high  :  leaves  oblong,  crenulate, 
decurrent :  flowers  yellow  in  a  dense  spike. — An  abundant  weed  in  waste 
places.     June-September. 

2.  V.  Blattaria  L.     MOTH  MULLEN.     l°-3°  high,  slender  :   leaves 
oblong,  doubly  dentate,  the  lower  petioled,  the  upper  clasping  :  flowers 
purplish-white  in  a  loose  raceme. — Locally  frequent  in  fields  near  Inde- 
dependence  and  Courtney.     May-July. 

2.     LINARIA  Hill. 

Herbs  with  alternate  leaves  and  spicate-racemose  flowers.  Corolla 
nearly  closed  in  the  throat. 

1.  L.  vulgaris  Mill.  BUTTER-AND-EGGS.  Glabrous  perennial,  l°-3° 
high  :  leaves  linear  :  corolla  yellow,  1'  long. — Locally  naturalized  in 
waste  places,  Grain  Valley,  Independence,  Kansas  City,  Sibley.  June- 
October. 

3.     SCROPHULARIA  L.     FIGWOBT. 

Perennial  herbs  with  opposite  leaves  and  cymose-paniculate  flowers. 
Two  upper  lobes  of  corolla  erect,  longer  than  the  lower. 

Sterile  stamen  purple.  1.  S.  Marylandica. 

Sterile  stamen  greenish-yellow.  2.  5.  leporella. 

1.  S.   Marylandica    L.     3°-8°    high,  nearly  glabrous  :    inflorescence 
glandular-pubescent :    leaves    ovate,    slender-petioled,  sharply  serrate : 
corolla   3"   long,    dull  without,    shining  within. — Common  in  thickets 
throughout.     July-October. 

2.  S.  leporella  Bicknell.     Closely  resembles  the  last :  corolla  shining 
without,  dull  within.— Occurs  locally  near  Sheffield  and  Independence. 
May-June. 

4.     CHELONB  L. 

Herbs  with  opposite  leaves  and  densely  spicate,  bracted  flowers.  Co- 
rolla tube  inflated,  the  upper  lip  concave,  emarginate,  the  lower  3-lobed. 

1.  C.  glabra  L.  TURTLE  HEAD.  l°-3°  high,  glabrous  :  leaves  lan- 
ceolate, short-petioled,  serrate  :  flowers  white,  1'  long. — On  a  hillside 
along  the  Mo.  Pac.  R.R.  between  Lee's  Summit  and  Little  Blue  Tank. 
Rare.  July-September. 

5.    PENTSTEMON  Soland.    BEARD  TONGUE. 
Herbs  with  opposite  leaves  and  racemose  panicled  flowers.     Corolla 
tubular,  its  limb  slightly  2-lipped. 


SCROPHULAKIACEAE  171 

Branches  of  thyree  spreading.  1.   P.  Digitalis. 

Thyrse  spike-like.  2.  P.  tubiflorus. 

1.  P.  Digitalis  (Sweet)  Nutt.     l°-4°  high,  glabrous,   except  the  in- 
florescence :  leaves  ovate-oblong    to  lanceolate,  denticulate,    the  lower 
petioled,   the  upper  clasping  :   thyrse  panicle-like,  spreading  :    corolla 
abruptly  inflated,  V  long,  white. — Common  in  woods  and  low  grounds. 
May-July. 

2.  P.  tubiflorus  Nutt.     Resembles  the  last :   thyrse   narrow,   spike- 
like  :  corolla  not  abruptly  inflated,  1'  long. — Occasionally  adventized  at 
Sheffield,  Wayne  City  and  Courtney.     May-July. 

6.     COLLINSIA  Nutt. 

Annual  herbs  with  opposite  leaves  and  flowers  verticillate  in  their  axils. 
Upper  lip  of  corolla  2-cleft,  the  lower  3-cleft,  its  middle  lobe  keeled  and 
enclosing  the  stamens  and  style. 

1.  C.  verna  Nutt.  BLUE-EYED  MARY.  10/-20/  high,  glabrous  :  leaves 
ovate,  toothed,  the  lower  petioled,  the  upper  sessile  :  corolla  8"  long,  its 
lower  lip  blue,  the  upper  white. — Locally  common  in  rich  woods,  Shef- 
field, Washington  Park,  Dodson,  Grain  Valley.  April-May. 

7.     MIMULUS  L.     MONKEY  FLOWER. 

Herbs  with  opposite  leaves  and  axillary  peduncled  flowers.  Upper  lip 
of  corolla  erect,  2-lobed,  the  lower  spreading,  3-lobed. 

Leaves  sessile.  1.  M.  ringens. 

Leaves  petioled.  2.  M.  alatus. 

1.  M.  ringena  L.     Glabrous  perennial,  l°-2°  high  :  leaves  lanceolate, 
serrate :  peduncles  longer  than  the  calyx  :  corolla  violet,  12/7  long. — 
Common  in  moist  grounds.     June-October. 

2.  M.  alatus  Soland.     Resemble  the  last :  stem  winged  :   peduncles 
shorter  than  the  calyx. — Common  in  moist  grounds.     June-October. 

8.     CONOBEA  Aubl. 

Herbs  with  opposite  leaves  and  small  pedicelled  axillary  flowers .  Calyx 
segments  equal.  Upper  lip  of  corolla  2-lobed,  the  lower  3-lobed. 

1.  C.  multifida  ( Michx. )  Benth.  RIVER  WEED.  Diffusely  spreading, 
2/-8/  high,  short-pubescent :  leaves  pinnatifid,  petioled  :  corolla  bluish, 
2X/  long.— Often  common  in  wet  sandy  soil,  especially  along  streams. 

June-October. 

9.     MONNIBRA  P.  Br. 

Herbs  with  opposite  leaves  and  axillary  flowers.  Upper  division  of 
calyx  broader  than  the  other.  Corolla  (in  ours)  2-lipped,  the  upper  lip 
2-lobed,  the  lower  3-lobed. 

1.  M.  rottmdifolia  Michx.  WATER  HYSSOP.  Stems  creeping  and  float- 
ing, hairy  :  leaves  ovate-orbicular,  obtuse,  entire  :  flowers  white,  3" 
long. — In  swamps,  Sheffield  (abundant),  Greenwood,  Lake  City,  Court- 
ney. May-October. 


172  SCKOPHULAKIACEAE 

10.     GRATIOLA  L.     HEDGE  HYSSOP. 

Herbs  with  opposite  leaves  and  axillary  flowers.  Calyx  segments 
nearly  equal.  Corolla  somewhat  2- lipped.  Flowers  2  bracteolate  at  base. 
Sterile  filaments  wanting  in  our  species. 

Stems  glandular-puberulent.  1.  G.  Mrginiana. 

Stems  glabrous.  2.  G.  sphaerocarpa. 

1.  G.  Virginiana  L.     Erect  annual,  1/-12/  high:    leaves  sessile,  ob- 
long-lanceolate, serrate  :  corolla  white  with  a  yellowish  tube,  V  long  : 
pods  ovoid. — Locally  common  in  wet  places,  Lake  City,  Buckner,  Grain 
Valley.     May-July. 

2.  G.   sphaerocarpa   Ell.     Annual,   ascending,    2/-18/   long :    leaves 
sessile,  ovate-oblong,  serrate  :  corolla  white  with  a  yellowish  tube,  6//-7// 
long  :  capsule  globose. — Frequent  locally  in  wet  places,  Lake  City,  Ath- 
erton.     May-August. 

11.    ILYSANTHBS  Eaf.    FALSE  PIMPERNEL. 
Herbs  with  opposite  leaves  and  axillary  flowers.     Upper  lip  of  corolla 
2-cleft,  the  lower  3-lobed.     Flowers  not  bracteolate  at  base.     One  of  the 
lobes  of  the  sterile  filaments  glabrous,  the  other  glandular. 

Peduncles  longer  than  the  leaves.  1.  /.  gratioloides. 

Peduncles  shorter  than  the  leaves.  •  2.  /.  attenuata. 

1.  I.  gratioloides    ( L. )  Benth.     Erect,  3/-12/  high,  glabrous  :   leaves 
sessile,  ovate-oblong,  very  sparingly  toothed  :  flowers  light  purple,  4" 
long  :   capsule  exceeding  the  calyx. — Wet  prairies  in  the  northwestern 
part.     Locally  common.     June-September. 

2.  I.  attenuata  (Muhl. )   Small.     Ascending,   S'-IS'  long,  glabrous: 
leaves  sessile,  ovate,  very  sparingly  toothed:  flowers  as  in  the  last :  cap- 
sule about  the  length  of  the  calyx. — Common  throughout  in  wet  places. 

June-October. 

12.     LIMOSELLA  L. 

Mud  annuals  with  filiform  runners,  basal  clustered  leaves  and  1-flowered 
peduncles.  Corolla  nearly  regular,  5-cleft 

1.  L.  aquatica  L.  MUD  WORT.  Leaves  l/-5/  long,  expanding  into  an 
entire  linear-oblong  blade :  corolla  whitish. — One  clump  found  on  a  mud 
bank  along  the  Missouri  River  near  Courtney.  July. 

13.     VERONICA  L. 

Lowest  segment  of  corolla  the  narrowest  Capsules  compressed,  notched 
at  the  apex. 

Flowers  in  axillary  racemes.  1.  V.  Anagallis-aquaiica. 
Flowers  axillary. 

Flowers  white.  2.  V.  peregrina. 

Flowers  blue.  3.  V.  arvensis. 

1.  V.  Anagallis-aquatica  L.  WATER  SPEEDWELL.  Perennial,  1° 
high,  glabrous  :  leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  sessile,  more  or  less  clasping, 


SCROPHULAKIACEAE  173 

entire  :  flowers  bluish,  bracted. — Locally  frequent  in  wet  woods  two  miles 
south  of  Little  Blue  Tank.     June-July. 

2.  V.  peregrina  L.     NECKWEED.     Annual  or  perennial,  2/-18/  high, 
smooth  to  glandular-pubescent :  lower  leaves  opposite,  ovate-oblong,  ses- 
sile, toothed,    the    upper  alternate,   linear-oblong,    entire:    flowers  I" 
broad  — A  very  abundant  weed  in  fields.     April-October. 

3.  V.  arvensis  L.     CORN  SPEEDWELL.     Annual,  1/-8'  high,  hairy : 
lower  leaves  petioled,  ovate- cor  date,  the  upper  sessile :  flowers  I"  broad. 
— Abundant,    especially   in  shaded  rocky  woods.      Apparently  native. 
April- June. 

14.     LEPTANDRA  Nutt. 

Perennial  herbs  with  flowers  in  dense  terminal  spikes.  Corolla  tubular, 
nearly  equally  4-lobed.  Stamens  long-exserted.  Capsule  ovoid,  not 
notched. 

1.  L.  Virginica  (L.)  Nutt.  CULVER'S  ROOT.  2°-7°  high,  erect,  gla- 
brous: leaves  3-9-verticillate,  short  petioled,  lanceolate,  serrate,  usually 
pubescent  beneath  :  spikes  several :  flowers  whitish,  2X/  long. — Locally 
common  in  moist  woods  and  prairies  throughout.  June-July. 

15.     AFZELIA  J.  G.  Gmel. 

Herbs  with  pinnately  divided  leaves  and  yellow  flowers.  Corolla  tube 
short,  about  the  length  of  the  nearly  equal  spreading  lobes.  Stamens 
four,  nearly  equal,  included. 

1.  A.  macrophylla  (Nutt.)  Kuntze.  YELLOW  FOX-GLOVE.  Peren- 
nial, 2°-5°  high,  puberulent :  lower  leaves  pinnatsly  divided,  the  lobes 
incised,  the  upper  ovate-lanceolate,  entire  :  corolla  6X/  long,  woolly  within. 
— Rather  frequent  in  shaded  rocky  woods.  July-August. 

16.     GERARDIA  L. 

Herbs  with  opposite  sessile  leaves  and  peduncled  axillary  reddish-purple 
large  flowers,  forming  a  raceme  or  panicle.  Corolla  campanulate  with  a 
swollen  tube  and  almost  equally  5-lobed  limb.  Stamens  four,  didynamous. 

Flowers  sessile.  1.  G.  auriculata. 
Pedicels  not  twice  the  length  of  the  calyx. 

Capsule  oblong.  2.  G.  aspera. 

Capsule  globose.  3.  G.  purpurea. 
Pedicels  more  than  twice  the  length  of  the  calyx. 
Capsule  globose. 

Leaves  less  than  V  wide.  4.  G.  lenuifolia. 

Leaves  l"-2"  wide.  5.  G.  Besseyana.  ', 

Capsules  ovoid-oblong.  6.  G-  Skinneriana. 

1.  G.  auriculata  Michx.     l°-3°  high,  erect,  hairy :  leaves  lanceolate, 
entire,  but  usually  with  two  lobes  at  base:   flowers  V  long,  glabrous 
within  as  are  the  filaments:  capsule  globose-ovoid. — Locally  common  in 
moist  open  grounds  throughout.     July-September. 

2.  G.  aspera  Dougl.     l°-2°  high,  branching,  scabrous  :  leaves  filiform- 
linear  :  flowers  V  long  :  filament  villous  :  capsule  oblong. — Rarely  occurs 
as  a  waif  at  Sheffield  and  Courtney. 


174  OROBANCHACEAE 

3.  G.  purpurea  L.     Resembles  the  last  but  is  less  scabrous,  the  leaves 
are  linear  and  the  smaller  capsule  is  globose. — In  moist  meadows,  Sibley, 
Lake  City  to  Buckner,  Independence.     Frequent  locally.     August-Sep- 
tember. 

4.  G.  tenuifolia  Vahl.     Stein  branching,  glabrous,  6'-2(/  high :  leaves 
linear,  6//-14//  long,  somewhat  scabrous :  pedicels  spreading :  flowers  9/x 
long :  capsules  usually  2/x  long  :  upper  pedicels  exceeding  the  leaves. — In 
moist  grounds  throughout.     July-September. 

5.  G.  Besseyana  Britton.     Like  the  last  but  the  leaves  9//-18//  long, 
scabrous :  pedicels  ascending :  capsules  2j//-3//  long :   upper  leaves  ex- 
ceeding the  pedicels. — Common  throughout  in  moist  meadows  and  woods, 
especially  along  the  Missouri  River.     July-September. 

6.  G.  Skinneriana  Wood.     l°-2°  high,  scabrous,  the  branches  and 
pedicels  strictly  erect :  leaves  linear,  6X/  long:  pods  3//-4//  long. — Rarely 
occurs  in  barrens  at  Greenwood.     July-September. 

17.     PEDICULARIS  L. 

Herbs  with  pinnatifid  leaves  and  flowers  in  terminal  spikes.  Corolla 
2-lipped,  the  upper  strongly  arched,  the  lower  erect,  3-lobed,  the  lobes 
spreading.  Stamens  ascending  under  the  upper  lip. 

1.  P.  Canadensis  L.  LOUSEWOKT.  S'-IS7  high,  hairy  :  leaves  ob- 
long-lanceolate, pinnately  parted :  corolla  yellow,  10"  long,  the  upper 
lip  2-toothed  at  the  apex. — Frequent  in  dry  banks  and  prairies  through- 
out the  southern  part.  April-May. 

FAMILY  111.    LENTIBULARIACEAE  Lindl. 
Herbs  with  perfect,  irregular  flowers  borne  on  erect  scapes.     Calyx  2- 
lipped.     Corolla  strongly  2-lipped,  the  lower  lip  2-lobed,  with  a  palate 
nearly  closing  the  throat,  and  spurred  at  the  base.    Stamens  two.    Ovary 
superior,  1-celled,  with  a  free  central  placenta  bearing  many  ovules. 

1.    UTRICULARIA  L.     BLADDERWOET. 

Ours  are  aquatic  herbs  with  finely  dissected  bladder-bearing  leaves  and 
yellow  flowers.  Upper  lip  of  corolla  erect,  the  lower  bearded  in  the  throat. 

Pedicels  recurved  in  fruit.  1.    U.  vulgaris. 

Pedicels  erect  in  fruit.  2.    U.  biflora. 

1.  U.  vulgaris  L.     Scapes  3-15-flowered  :   corolla  G^-O"  broad,  the 
lower   lip   longer   than   the  spur. — Common    in  ponds  near  Sheffield, 
Atherton,  Sibley  and  Lake  City.     May-September. 

2.  U.  biflora  Lam.     Scapes  1-8-flowered  :  corolla  3"-5"  broad,  the 
spur  nearly  as  long  as  the  lower  lip. — Abundant  at  times  in  the  lake  at 
Lake  City.     July-September. 

FAMILY  112.    OROBANCHACEAE  Lindl. 

Root-parasitic  herbs,  the  leaves  reduced  to  scales.  Flowers  perfect, 
irregular.  Calyx  4-5-toothed.  Corolla  tubular,  2-lipped,  the  lower  lip 


MARTYNIACEAE  175 

3-lobed,  the  upper  usually  2-lobed.  Stamens  four,  didynamous,  inserted 
on  the  tube  of  the  corolla  and  alternate  with  its  lobes.  Ovary  superior, 
1 -celled j  with  four  parietal  placentae,  many-ovuled. 

1.  THALESIA  Raf. 

Brownish,  glandular-pubescent  plants  with  yellowish-white  flowers. 
Flowers  not  bracted  at  base.  Calyx  nearly  equally  5-cleft. 

1.  T.  uniflora  (L. )  Britton.  BROOM  KAPE.  Stems  clustered,  3/-8/ 
high,  1-flowered  :  flowers  \f  long.— Sparingly  found  in  Union  Cemetery 
at  Kansas  City  by  Mrs.  Ripley.  April-May. 

FAMILY  113.    BIGNONIACEAE  Pers. 

Woody  plants  with  opposite  leaves  and  large  and  showy,  perfect,  some- 
what irregular  flowers.  Calyx  somewhat  2-lipped,  5-lobed.  Corolla 
tubular  to  campanulate,  its  limb  5-lobed,  slightly  2-lipped.  Stamens  2 
or  4,  alternate  with  the  corolla  lobes.  Ovary  superior,  2-celled,  many- 
ovuled.  Seeds  flat,  winged. 

Leaves  compound  ;  vines.  1.  TECOMA. 

Leaves  simple  ;  trees.  2.  CATALPA. 

1.     TECOMA  Juss. 

Calyx  5-toothed.  Corolla  reddish-orange,  campanulate.  Stamens  four. 
Capsule  compressed  at  right  angles  to  the  partition. 

1.  T.  radicans  (L. )  DC.  TRUMPET  VINE.  5°-60°  long  :  leaflets  ovate, 
serrate  :  flowers  2/-3/  long :  fruit  4/-5/ long. — Occasionally  escaped  from 
cultivation,  especially  around  Sibley.  Possibly  native.  June- August. 

2.  CATALPA  Scop. 

Flowers  in  terminal  panicles.  Calyx  deeply  2-lipped.  Corolla  whites 
purple-spotted,  campanulate.  Stamens  two  with  three  staminodia,or  four 
with  1  staminodium.  Capsules  elongated- cylindric. 

1.  C.  speciosa  Warder.  LADY-CIGAR  TREE.  30°-50°  high  :  leave, 
ovate- cordate,  entire,  acuminate  :  corolla  2'  long,  little  mottled  within, 
the  lower  lobe  emarginate. — Occasionally  escaped  from  cultivation,  espe- 
cially around  Sibley.  June-July. 

FAMILY  114.    MARTYNIACEAE  Link. 

Herbs  with  opposite  leaves  and  perfect  somewhat  irregular  flowers. 
Divisions  of  calyx  and  corolla  each  4-5.  Fertile  stamens  four,  didynamous, 
or  sometimes  only  two.  Ovary  1-celled  with  2  parietal  placentae  or  some- 
times falsely  2-4-celled.  Seeds  wingless. 

1.     MARTYNIA  L. 

Viscid-pubescent  herbs  with  long-petioled  leaves  and  flowers  in  ter- 
minal racemes.  Corolla  whitish,  campanulate,  gibbous.  Fruit  a  woody 
4-celled  capsule,  beaked  with  two  long  incurved  horns. 


176  PHRYMACEAE 

1.  M.  Louisiana  Mill.  UNICORN  PLANT.  6'-2°  high  :  leaves  heart- 
shaped,  undulate  :  flowers  l/-2/  long. — Occasionally  adventized  in  fields 
and  waste  places,  Hickman's  Mills,  Dodson,  Courtney  and  Independence. 
May-September. 

FAMILY  115.    ACANTHACEAE  J.  St.  Hil. 

Herbs  with  opposite,  simple,  non-stipulate  leaves  and  perfect,  more  or 
less  irregular  flowers.  Divisions  of  calyx  and  corolla  4-5  each.  Stamens 
four,  didynamous,  or  only  two.  Ovary  superior,  2-celled.  Fruit  a  few- 
seeded  capsule,  the  seeds  borne  on  curved  projections  of  the  placentae. 
Capsule  elastically  2-valved. 

Corolla  nearly  regular.  1.  RUELLIA. 

Corolla  strongly  2-lipped.  2.  DIANTHKRA. 

1.    RUELLIA  L.     WILD  PETUNIA. 

Perennials  with  showy  purplish  axillary  flowers,  a  funnel-form  corolla 
with  a  large  spreading  border,  4  stamens  and  a  6-20-seeded  capsule. 

Plant  glabrous  or  nearly  so.  1.  R.  strepens. 

Plant  strongly  hirsute.  2.  R.  ciliosa. 

1.  R.  strepens  L.     l°-3°  high :    leaves  ovate,  petioled  :   corolla  l'-2' 
long  :  later  flowers  often  cleistogamous  :  calyx  segments  linear-lanceolate, 
about  the  length  of   the  capsule. — Common  in  moist  woods  along  the 
Missouri  River  :  occasional  elsewhere.     May-August. 

2.  R.  ciliosa  Pursh.     6/-18/high  :  leaves  oblong-ovate,  sessile  :  flowers 
resembling  those  of    the  last :   calyx  segments  narrowly  linear,   much 
exceeding  the  capsule.  — Common  in  dry  ground   throughout.      May- 
August. 

2.     DIANTHBRA  L. 

Ours  is  a  perennial  herb  with  flowers  in  axillary  peduncled  spikes. 
Upper  lip  of  corolla  notched,  the  lower  3-cleft.  Stamens  two.  Ovary 
4  seeded. 

1.  D.  Americana  L.  WATER  WILLOW.  l°-3°  high,  glabrous  :  leaves 
linear-lanceolate,  entire:  corolla  violet,  less  than  6X/  long. — Locally  com- 
mon in  running  water  from  Brush  Creek  to  Little  Blue  Tank  and  south- 
ward. May-August. 

FAMILY  116.     PHRYMACEAE  Schauer. 

Herbs  with  opposite  leaves  and  perfect  irregular  flowers  in  loosely 
flowered  spikes.  Calyx  2-lipped,  the  upper  lip  with  three  setaceous  teeth, 
the  lower  with  two  much  shorter  teeth.  Corolla  2-lipped,  the  tube  cylin- 
dric,  the  upper  lip  emarginate,  erect,  the  lower  3-lobed,  spreading.  Sta- 
mens four,  didynamous.  Ovary  superior,  1-celled,  1-ovuled.  Calyx 
abruptly  reflexed  against  the  axis  of  the  spike  in  fruit. 

1.     PHRYMA  L. 

Characters  of  the  family. 


PLANTAGINACEAE  177 

1.  P.  Leptostachya  L.  LOPSEED.  Perennial,  puberulent,  l°-3° 
high  :  leaves  ovate,  petioled,  toothed  :  flowers  purplish,  3"  long.— Com- 
mon in  woods  throughout.  June-July. 

FAMILY  117.    PLANTAGINACEAE  Lindl. 

Ours  are  acaulescent  herbs  with  clustered  basal  leaves  and  regular,  4- 
rnerous  flowers  in  spikes.  Corolla  scarious  or  membranous,  the  four 
stamens  inserted  on  its  tube  and  alternate  with  its  lobes,  or  only  two. 
Ovary  superior,  2-celled,  or  falsely  3-4-celled,  2-several-ovuled.  Capsule 
circumscissile. 

1.     PLANTAGO  L.     PLANTAIN. 

Characters  of  the  family  as  given  above. 

Leaves  lanceolate  or  wider. 

Plants  nearly  glabrous  throughout. 

Petioles  green  at  the  base.  1.  P.  major. 

Petioles  purple  at  the  base.  2.  P.  Rugelii. 

Plants  more  or  less  hairy. 

Corolla  lobes  spreading  in  fruit.  3.  P.  Innceolata. 

Corolla  lobes  closed  over  the  fruit.  6.  P.   Virginica. 

Leaves  linear  or  linear-filiform. 

Bracts  much  exceeding  the  flowers.  4.   P.  aristata. 

Bracts  not  exceeding  the  flowers. 

Plants  white-\vool]y  pubescent.  5.   P.  Purshii. 

Plants  nearly  glabrous.  7.  P.  elongata. 

1.  P.   major    L.      Perennial :     leaves  loug-petioled,    ovate,    entire, 
ribbed  :  spikes  blunt :   flowers  perfect  :   sepals  slightly  keeled  :  capsule 
ovoid,  circumscissile  near  the  middle,  5-18-seeded. — Uncommonly  intro- 
duced in  Independence.     May-September. 

2.  P.    Rugelii   Dec.      Resembles  the   last :    spikes  tapering ;    sepals 
strongly   keeled:   capsule  oblong  cylindric,   circumscissile  much   below 
the   middle,   4-10-seeded. — Very   common   in   waste   places.     June-Oc- 
tober. 

3.  P.  lanceolata  L.     Leaves  lanceolate-oblong,  nearly  entire  :  scapes 
l°-3°  tall :  spikes  dense,  ovoid  to  cylindric  :  flowers  perfect :  capsule  2- 
seeded. — Occasional  in  waste  places  and  fields,  especially  between  Kansas 
City  and  Dodson.     May-September. 

4.  P.  aristata  Michx.     More  or  less  villous  annual  :    leaves  linear- 
filiform,    entire,    3-ribbed  :   scapes  S'-IS'  high :    flowers  perfect,    often 
cleistogamous  :    capsule    2-seeded. — Locally   very   abundant    in    sandy 
fields.     May-July. 

5.  P.   Purshii   R.    &  S.     Resembles  the  preceeding  species,    but  is 
woolly  and  the  bracts  do  not  exceed  the  flowers. — Has  been  found  near 
Sheffield  and  Wayne  City  in  sandy  soil.     Abundant  in  Clay  County  near 
Randolph,  as  also  near  Argentine,  Kansas.     April- June. 

6.  P.  Virginica  L.    Annual  or  biennial,  1/-20/  high  :  leaves  spatulate- 
lanceolate  to  oblong-ovate,  entire  or  sparingly  toothed  :  spikes  linear- 

12 


178  RUBIACEAE 

oylindric  :    flowers  subdioecious  :    capsule  2-seeded. — Common   in   dry 
grounds  and  waste  places.     April-June. 

7.  P.  elongata  Pursh.  Puberulent  annual,  l/-4/  high  :  spikes 
slender :  flowers  subdioecious  :  stamens  only  two  :  capsule  4-seeded. — 
Locally  common  on  sterile  prairies  from  Lee's  Summit  to  Greenwood, 
and  in  dry  woods  near  Grain  Valley.  April-May. 

FAMILY  118.    EUBIACEAE  B.  Juss. 

Plants  with  opposite  or  verticillate  usually  stipulate  leaves  and  per- 
fect, regular,  nearly  symmetrical  flowers.  Calyx  coherent  with  the  1-10- 
celled  ovary.  Corolla  gamopetalous,  4-5-lobed,  variously  shaped.  Stamens 
inserted  on  the  corolla  and  alternate  with  its  lobes.  Ovules  1-many  in 
each  cell  of  the  ovary.  Fruit  various. 

Leaves  opposite. 

Herbs  :  ovary  with  many  ovules.  1.  HOUSTONIA. 

Shrubs.  2.  CEPHALANTHUS. 

Herbs  :  ovary  with  two  ovules.  3.  DIODIA. 

Leaves  verticillate.  4.  GALIUM. 
1.     HOUSTONIA  L. 

Calyx  tube  4-lobed.  Corolla  funnel-form  or  salver  form,  4-lobed. 
Stamens  four.  Style  one.  Stigmas  two.  Upper  half  of  the  8-40-seeded 
capsule  fiee  from  the  calyx.  Flowers  dimorphous. 

1.  H.  minima  Beck.  BLUETS.  Annual,  spreading,  2/-5/  high,  sca- 
brous :  leaves  oblong-oval,  short-petioled  :  corolla  purplish. — On  prairies 
and  in  dry  woods,  Little  Blue  Tank,  Lee's  Summit,  Greenwood,  Grain 
Valley.  April. 

2.     CEPHALANTHUS  L. 

Flowers  white,  in  dense  spherical  heads.  Calyx  limb  4-lobed.  Corolla 
funnel-form,  shortly  4-lobed.  Stamens  four,  short.  Styles  one.  Stigmas 
two.  Fruit  dry,  obpyramidal,  1-2-seeded. 

i.  C.  occidentalis  L.  BUTTON  BUSH.  3°-15°  high  :  leaves  ovate, 
petioled,  entire  :  heads  lx  in  diameter. — Swampy  grounds  throughout. 
Locally  common.  June-August. 

3.     DIODIA  L. 

Herbs  with  conspicuous  stipules  and  small  axillary  flowers.  Calyx 
limb  4-lobed  (in  ours).  Corolla  funnel-form  or  salver-form,  4-lobed. 
Stamens  four.  Fruit  of  two  indehiscent  1-seeded  carpels. 

1.  D.  teres  Walt.  BUTTON  WEED.  Annual,  erect,  spreading,  3X-15X 
high,  rough  :  leaves  linear-lanceolate,  entire  :  style  entire. — Adventized 
jn  waste  places  near  Hickman's  Mills,  Sheffield  and  Lee's  Summit. 
July-September. 

4.     GALIUM  L. 

Herbs  with  square  stems,  whorled  leaves  and  small  white  flowers. 
Calyx  teeth  four,  or  obsolete.  Corolla  4-  or  3-lobed.  Stamens  four  or 
three.  Styles  two.  Ovary  2-celled,  2-ovuled.  Fruit  of  two  indehiscent 
carpels. 


CAPRIFOLIACEAE  1 79 

Fruit  hispid  or  bristly. 
Stems  strongly  recurved  bristly  on  the  angles. 

Leaves  l'-3'  long.  1.   G.  Aparine. 

Leaves  lx  or  less  long.  2.   G.  VaiUantii. 

Stems  nearly  smooth  on  the  angles. 

Leaves  in  fours.  3.   G.  circaezans. 

Leaves  in  sixes.  4.   G.  triflorum. 

Fruit  smooth. 

Flowers  in  clusters.  5.   G.  tinctorium. 

Flowers  in  cymes.  6.   G.  concinnum. 

1.  G.  Aparine  L.     GOOSE  GRASS.     Annual,  spreading :  leaves  in  6's 
or  8's,  oblanceolate-linear  :   cymes  1-3-flowered  :  fruit  2//-3//  broad. — 
Common  in  shaded  grounds.     April-June. 

2.  G.  VaiUantii  DC.    CLEAVERS.    Like  the  last  but  the  leaves  smaller, 
the  cymes  2-9-flowered  and  the  fruit  less  than  \\/f  broad. — Common  in 
dry  grounds.     April-June. 

3.  G.  circaezans  Michx.     WILD  LIQUORICE.     Perennial,  6/-18/  high, 
pubescent :  leaves  oval  :  cymes  forking  :  corolla  greenish. — Rather  com- 
mon in  dry  rocky  woods.     May-July. 

4.  G.  triflorum  Michx.     FRAGRANT  BEDSTRAW.     Perennial,  spread- 
ing, sweet-scented  :  leaves  oval-lanceolate,  cuspidate  :  peduncles  3  flow- 
ered or  3-branched  :  flowers  greenish. — Rather  common  in  woods.     June- 
September. 

5.  G.  tinctorium  L.     MARSH  BEDSTRAW.      Perennial,  S'-IS7  high  : 
nearly  glabrous:  leaves  linear  :  corolla  lobes  acute:  endosperm  annular 
in  cross-section. — Often  common  in  low  meadows,  especially  in  the  north- 
eastern part.     May-June. 

6.  G.  concinnum  Torr.  &  Gray.     WOOD  BEDSTRAW.     Perennial,  6'- 
15X  high,  scabrous  :  leaves  linear :  corolla  lobes  acute  :  endosperm  lunate 
in  cross  section  :   flowers  in  open  cymes.— Common  in  dry  woodlands. 
May-June. 

FAMILY  119.    CAPRIFOLIACEAE  Vent. 

Plants  with  opposite  leaves.  Calyx  tube  coherent  with  the  ovary,  its 
limb  with  3-5  divisions.  Corolla gamopetalous,  variously  shaped,  its  limb 
5-lobed.  Stamens  5,  inserted  on  the  corolla,  alternate  with  its  lobes. 
Ovary  inferior,  1-6-celled.  Style  one.  Stigma  capitate  or  3-5-lobed. 
Fruit  a  1-several-seeded  berry,  drupe  or  capsule. 

Flowers  in  terminal  compound  cymes. 

Leaves  compound.  1.  SAMBUCUS. 

Leaves  simple.  2.  VIBURNUM. 

Flowers  axillary  or  clustered. 

Perennial  herbs.  3.  TRIOSTEUM. 

Woody  plants. 

Corolla  bell-shaped,  regular.  4.  SYMPHORICARPOS. 

Corolla  tubular,  irregular.  5.  LONICERA. 

1.     SAMBUCUS  L. 

Shrubs  with  white  flowers  in  compound  cymes.  Calyx  minutely  3-5- 
toothed.  Corolla  rotate,  5-lobed.  Stamens  five.  Stigmas  three.  Fruit 
a  berry-like  drupe  containing  3-5  nutlets. 


180  CAPKIFOLIACEAE 

1.  S.  Canadensis  L.  ELDERBERRY.  3°-15°  high  :  leaflets  3-11, 
ovate,  acuminate,  serrate :  cymes  somewhat  flat-topped  :  fruit  dark  pur- 
ple.— Abundant  in  open  grounds.  June-July. 

2.  VIBURNUM  L. 

Shrubs  with  white  flowers  in  flat  compound  cymes,  as  in  Sambucus. 
Fruit  a  one-seeded  drupe. 

Leaves  conspicuously  acuminate.  1.    V.  Lentago. 

Leaves  not  acuminate.  2.    V.  prunifoUum. 

1.  V.  Lentago  L.     BLACK  HAW.     5°-15°  high  :  leaves  ovate,  petioled, 
sharply  serrate,  glabrous,  usually  long-acuminate-pointed  :  cymes  sessile, 
several- rayed  :    drupe  6X/  long,  bluish-black. — Not  uncommon  in  wood- 
lands.    May. 

2.  V.  prunifolium  L.     BLACK  HAW.     About  the  size  of  the  last,  but 
the  leaves  are  broadly  oval,  obtuse  or  acutish  :  cyme  sessile,  several- rayed, 
2X-4X  broad  :  drupe  oval,  bluish- black  and  glaucous,  4//-5//  long. — Eocky 
woods  east  of  Independence.     Bather  rare.     May. 

3.  TRIOSTEUM  L. 

Perennial  herbs  with  opposite  connate-perfoliate  leaves,  the  flowers  ses- 
sile in  their  axils.  Calyx  with  five  rather  foliaceous  lobes.  Corolla  cam- 
panulate,  gibbous  at  base,  unequally  5  lobed.  Stamens  five.  Stigma  3- 
5-lobed.  Fruit  a  dryish  drupe  containing  three  1-seeded  nutlets. 

1.  T.  perfoliatum  L.  FEVERWORT.  2°-4°  high,  hairy  :  leaves  ovate, 
strongly  narrowed  at  base  :  flowers  brownish-purple — Rather  common  in 
rich  woods.  May-June. 

4.     SYMPHORICARPOS  Juss. 

Shrubs  with  short-petioled  leaves  and  axillary  clustered  flowers.  Calyx 
slightly  4-5-toothed.  Corolla  campanulate,  4-5-lobed.  Stamens  4-5. 
Stigma  capitate.  Fruit  a  4-celled,  2-seeded  berry. 

1.  S.  orbiculata  Moench.  BUCKBUSH.  BUCKBERRY.  Much-branch- 
ing, 2°-10°  high  :  leaves  oval,  undulate,  hairy  beneath  :  style  and  corolla 
sparingly  bearded  :  fruit  reddish.  Woods  throughout.  Probably  our 
most  common  undershrub.  July. 

5.     LONICERA  L. 

Ours  is  a  twining  shrub  with  opposite  connate-perfoliate  entire  leaves. 
Calyx  5-toothed.  Corolla  tubular  or  funnel-form,  glabrous  at  base,  irreg- 
ularly 5-lobed.  Stigma  capitate.  Ovary  2-3-celled,  many-ovuled.  Fruit 
a  several-seeded  berry. 

1.  L.  dioica  L.  HONEYSUCKLE.  Glabrous,  3°-8°  long:  leaves  gla- 
brous and  glaucous :  corolla  yellow  :  stamens  hirsute  below. — Occasional 
along  the  Rocky  Missouri  River  bluffs,  near  Pixleys  and  along  Brush 
Creek.  May-June. 


CUCURBITACEAE  181 

FAMILY  120.    VALERIANACEAE  Batsch. 

Herbs  with  opposite  leaves,  no  stipules  and  pauicled  or  cymose  flowers. 
Calyx  superior.  Corolla  tubular  or  funnel-form,  its  limb  5-lobed.  Sta- 
mens 1-4,  inserted  in  the  tube  of  the  corolla.  Ovary  inferior,  1-3-celled, 
one  of  the  cells  containing  one  ovule,  the  other  empty. 

1.    VALERIANELLA  Poll.     CORN  SALAD. 

Annual  branching  herbs  with  cymose  clustered  white  (in  ours)  flowers. 
Calyx  minutely  4-5-toothed.  Stamens  three. 

Fruit  1"  long.  1.   V.  radiata. 

Fruit  \"-\"  long.  2.  V.  sienocarpa. 

1.  V.  radiata  (L.)  Dufr.     6/-12/  high:  leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  den- 
tate :  fruit  ovate- tetragonal,  the  empty  cavities  as  thick  as  the  fertile  one 
and  separated  by  a  broad,  shallow  groove. — Along  gravelly  streams  near 
Adams  and  west  of  Lee's  Summit.     May-June. 

2.  V.  stenocarpa  (Engelm. )  Krok.     Like  the  last  but  smaller :  fruit 
oblong-tetragonal,  the  empty  cavities  narrower  than  the  fertile  one,  and 
separated  by  a  narrow  groove. — Occurs  locally  in  barrens  throughout  the 
southwestern  part,  especially  west  of  Lee's  Summit.     May-June. 

FAMILY  121.    CUCURBITACEAE  B.  Juss. 

Climbing  tendril-bearing  herbs  with  alternate  petioled  leaves  and  mon- 
oecious or  dioecious  flowers.  Calyx  5-lobed.  Petals  usually  five,  sepa- 
rate or  united,  inserted  on  the  tube  of  the  calyx.  Stamens  three,  two 
with  2-celled  anthers,  the  other  with  a  1-celled  anther,  the  anthers  usu- 
ally more  or  less  united.  Ovary  inferior,  1-3-celled.  Fruit  a  pepo. 

Flowers  large,  yellow.  1.  CUCURBITA. 
Flowers  small,  whitish. 

Ovary  1-celled,  1-ovuled.  2.  SICYOS. 

Ovary  2-celled,  4-ovuled.  3.  MICRAMPELIS. 

1.     CUCURBITA  L. 

Flowers  axillary,  solitary.  Calyx  and  corolla  5-lobed.  Ovary  oblong 
with  3-5  parietal,  many-ovuled  placentae. 

1.  C.  foetidissima  H.B.K.  WILD  PUMPKIN.  3°-15°  long,  scabrous- 
hirsute  :  leaves  triangular-cordate,  serrulate  :  flowers  2/-4/  long. — Spar- 
ingly adventized  at  Sheffield,  near  Waldo  Park,  and  at  Little  Blue  Tank. 
June-July. 

2.     SICYOS  L. 

Staminate  flowers  corymbose,  the  fertile  in  capitate  clusters.  Calyx 
5-toothed.  Corolla  rotate,  deeply  5-parted.  Fruit  indehiscent,  prickly. 

1.  S.  angulatus  L.  ONE-SEEDED  BUR  CUCUMBER.  High  climbing, 
pubescent :  leaves  orbicular,  5-lobed  or  5-angled,  denticulate  :  fruit  cov- 
ered with  stinging  spines.  Often  common  in  low  woods.  August- 
October. 


182  CAMPANULACEAE 

3.    MICRAMPELIS  Raf.     WILD  BALSAM  APPLE. 

Ours  with  corymbose-paniculate  staminate  flowers  and  usually  solitary 
pistillate  flowers.  Fruit  spiny,  dehiscent  at  summit.  Calyx  and  corolla 
each  with  5-6  divisions.  Stamens  three. 

1.  M.  lobata  (Michx.)  Greene.  High-climbing,  nearly  glabrous: 
leaves  sharply  5-lobed,  denticulate. — Along  streams,  especially  along  the 
Missouri  River.  Not  uncommon.  July-October. 

FAMILY  122.    CAMPANULACEAE  Juss. 

Herbs  wiih  alternate,  non-stipulate  leaves  and  perfect  flowers.  Calyx 
and  corolla  each  with  five  segments,  the  latter  regular  or  irregular. 
Stamens  five,  inserted  on  the  corolla,  and  alternate  with  its  lobes,  the 
anthers  separate  or  more  or  less  cohering.  Ovary  inferior,  2-3-celled, 
many-ovuled.  Style  solitary.  Stigma  2-5-lobed.  Fruit  a  capsule. 

Corolla  regular  ;  anthers  separate. 

Style  long-exserted,  declined  and  curved  upward.  1.  CAMPANULA. 

Style  straight.  2.  SPECULARIA. 

Corolla  irregular  ;  anthers  connate.  3.  LOBELIA. 

1.     CAMPANULA  L. 

Capsule  opening  by  3-5  small  valves.  Flowers  all  complete.  Ovary 
3-celled.  (Our  species  differs  from  typical  species  of  Campanula  in  the 
declined  style  and  rotate  corolla  and  probably  represents  a  distinct  ge- 
neric type,  which  is  more  closely  related  to  Specularia  than  to  Cam- 
panula. ) 

1.  C.  Americana  L.  BELL  FLOWER.  Annual,  2°-7°  high,  pubescent : 
leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  serrate,  petioled  :  flowers  in  dense  terminal 
spikes :  corolla  rotate,  blue,  V  broad. — Common  in  rich  woods.  June- 
August. 

2.     SPECULARIA  Heist.     VENUS'  LOOKING  GLASS. 

Differing  from  Campanula  (as  represented  with  us)  chiefly  in  the  earlier 
flowers  being  cleistogamous.  Flowers  bluish-purple,  axillary. 

Leaves  suborbicular.  1.  S.  perfoliata. 

Leaves  lanceolate.  2.  S.  leptocarpa. 

1.  S.  perfoliata   (L.)  A.  DC.     6'-24'  high,  hirsute:  leaves  cordate- 
clasping,  crenate-dentate  :  capsule  oblong,  opening  near  the  middle. — 
Common  in  dry  soil.     May- August. 

2.  S.  leptocarpa  (Nutt. )  A.  Gray.     6/-24/  high,  roughish  :  leaves  ses- 
sile, remotely  serrate  :  capsule  linear-cylindric,  opening  near  the  top. — 
Locally  common  in  barrens  from  Brush  Creek  to  Pixleys  and  southward. 
May-July. 

3.     LOBELIA  L. 

Corolla  2-lipped,  the  upper  lip  with  2  erect  lobes,  the  lower  3-cleft, 
spreading.  Some  of  the  anthers  bearded,  unequal.  Capsule  2-celled. 


CICHORIACEAE  183 

Flowers  red.  1.  L.  cardinahs. 
Flowers  blue. 

Flowers  nearly  1'  long.  2.  L.  syphilitica. 
Flowers  less  than  6"  long. 

Plant  nearly  glabrous.  3.  L.  spicnta  leptostachys. 

Plant  hairy*  4.  L.  inflata. 

1.  L.  cardinalis   L.      CARDINAL   FLOWER.      i°-5°   high,   glabrous : 
leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  toothed:    flowers  (V  or  more  long)  in  dense 
spike-like  racemes. — In   moist  woods  near  Westport,   Leeds,  Sheffield, 
Dodson  and  Grain  Valley.     Not  common.     August-September. 

2.  L.  syphilitica  L.     l°-3°  high,  somewhat  hairy  :  leaves  ovate-lanceo- 
late, denticulate  :  flowers  in  dense  spike-like  racemes  :  calyx  tube  with 
large,  deflexed  auricles  in  the  sinuses. — Common  in  moist  places.     July- 
September. 

3.  L.  spicata  leptostachys  (A.   DC.)  Mackenzie  &   Bush,  n.  comb. 
l°-3°  high,  puberulent  :  stems  leafy  below,  simple,  prolonged  into  a  long 
spike-like  raceme  :  leaves  oblanceolate,  denticulate,  obtuse  :  calyx  of  some 
of  the  flowers  at  least  with  deflexed  auricles  in  the  sinuses. — Not  uncom- 
mon locally  in  dry  soil  throughout.    June- July.    (L.  leptosiachys  A.  DC.) 

4.  L.  inflata  L.      INDIAN  TOBACCO.     l°-2°   high,  much  branched  : 
leaves  oblong-ovate,   repand -dentate  :    flowers   in   short   racemes  :    pods 
inflated. — Common  in  dry  woods.     June-October. 

FAMILY  123.    CICHORIACEAE  Reichenb. 

Herbs  with  milky  juice,  alternate  leaves  and  flowers  in  involuorate 
heads.  Flowers  all  alike  and  perfect.  Calyx  superior,  composed  of  bris- 
tles or  scales  or  wanting.  Corolla  tubular  below  and  with  a  strap  shaped, 
5-toothed  limb.  Anthers  five,  connate  around  the  style  into  a  tube. 
Ovary  inferior.  1-celled,  containing  a  single  erect  ovule.  Style  2-cleft. 
Fruit  an  achene.  Receptacle  naked  in  all  ours. 

Pappus  of  blunt  scales.  1.  CICHORIUM. 

Pappus  of  plumose  bristles.  2.  TRAGOPOGON. 

Pappus  of  non  plumose  bristles. 
Heads  scapose. 

Leaves  pinnatifid.  3.  TARAXACUM. 

Leaves  not  pinnatifid.  6.  NOTHOCALAIS. 

Heads  not  seapose. 
Achenes  flattened. 

Flowers  blue.  5.  LACTUCA. 

Flowers  yellow  ;  achenes  not  beaked.  4.  SONCHUS. 

Flowers  yellow  ;  achenes  beaked.  5.  LACTUCA. 

Achenes  columnar  or  terete. 

Achenes  long-beaked.  7.  SITILIAS. 

Achenes  beakless. 

Plants  leafless  above.  8.  HIERACIUM. 

Plants  leafy  to  the  flowers.  9.  NABALUS. 

1.     CICHORIUM  L. 

Involucre  double,  the  outer  spreading,  the  inner  erect.  Achenes  striate, 
not  beaked. 


184  CICHOKIACEAE 

1.  C.  IntybusL.  CHICORY.  Perennial,  l°-3°  high,  somewhat  hairy: 
leaves  lanceolate,  runcinate-pinnatifid,  the  stem  leaves  clasping :  flowers 
blue.— Occasional  in  waste  places  in  Kansas  City  and  Independence. 
July-September. 

2.  TRAGOPOGON  L. 

Involucral  bracts  in  one  series,  subequal.  Achenes  ribbed,  and  long- 
beaked,  spinulose. 

1.  T.  porrifolius  L.  OYSTER  PLANT.  Biennial,  2°-3°  high:  leaves 
linear-lanceolate,  entire  :  heads  2/  broad :  involucre  longer  than  the  purple 
rays. — Rarely  escaped  from  gardens  in  Independence  ;  also  at  Sheffield. 
June-October. 

3.     TARAXACUM  Hall. 

Perennial  herbs  with  yellow  flowers  solitary  at  the  summit  of  hollow 
scapes.  Involucre  double,  the  outer  spreading,  the  inner  erect.  Achenes 
angled  and  toothed,  often  spinulose  above,  long-beaked. 

1.  T.  officinale  Weber.  DANDELION.  Leaves  runcinate-pinnatifid, 
oblong  in  outline :  outer  involucral  bracts  reflexed  :  achenes  greenish- 
brown. — An  abundant  weed.  April-June. 

4.  SONCHUS  L.     Sow  THISTLE. 

Ours  are  herbs  with  auriculate-clasping  spiny-margined  leaves  and 
corymbose-paniculate  yellow  heads  of  flowers.  Involucral  bracts  imbri- 
cated in  several  series  Achenes  oval  to  linear,  flattened  and  ribbed. 

Involucre  glandular-pubescent.  1.  S.  arvensis. 
Involucre  glabrous. 

Auricles  of  the  leaves  acute.  2.  S.  oleraceus. 

Auricles  of  the  leaves  rounded.  3.  S.  nsper. 

1.  S.  arvensis  L.    Perennial,  l°-3°  high  :  leaves  runcinate-pinnatifid  : 
heads  12X/  high  :  achenes  transversely  wrinkled.— Rarely  adventized  near 
Sheffield.     June-September. 

2.  S.  oleraceus  L.     Annual,  l°-5°  high  :  leaves  runcinate-pinnatifid  : 
heads  8/x  high  ;  achenes  transversely  wrinkled. — Not  uncommon  in  waste 
places.     June-September. 

3.  S.  asper  (L. )  All.     Annual,  l°-5°  high  :  leaves  from  undivided  to 
pinnatifid,  spinulosely  dentate  :  heads  8/x  high  :  achenes  not  transversely 
wrinkled.  —Common  in  waste  places.     June-September. 

5.  LACTUCA  L.     WILD  LETTUCE. 

Herbs  with  panicled  heads  of  flowers.  Involucre  imbricated  in  several 
series.  Achenes  oval  to  linear,  narrowed  above  or  beaked. 

Flowers  yellow  ;  achenes  long-beaked. 
Leaves  spiny  margined. 

Heads  3//-6//  high.  1.  L.  virosa. 

Heads  7//-9//  high.  2.  L.  Ludoviciana. 

Leaves  not  spiny-margined. 


CICHORIACEAE  1 85 

Leaves  not  pinnatifid.  3.  L.  aagittifoUa. 

Leaves  pinnatifid.  4.  L.  Canadensis. 

Flowers  blue  ;  achenes  short-beaked.  5.  L.  pulchdla. 
Flowers  blue ;  achenes  beakless. 

Leaves  not  pinnatifid.  6.  L.  villosa. 

Leaves  deeply  ly rate-pi nnati fid.  7.  L,  Floridana. 

1.  L.  virosa  L.     PRICKLY  LETTUCE.     l°-3°  high  :  leaves  irregularly 
denticulate  to  sinuate-denticulate,  clasping  at  base,  spiny  on  midrib  and 
leaf  margins  :  achenes  striate,  linear-ovate. — Has  become  a  very  abundant 
weed  in  the  last  few  years.     July-September. 

2.  L.  Ludoviciana  ( Nutt. )  DC.     2°-5°  high  :  leaves  oblong,  clasping 
at  base,  deeply  pinnatifid  :  achenes  oval. — Rarely  found  as  a  waif  at  Shef- 
field.    July-September. 

3.  L.  sagittifolia  Ell.     2°-10°  high  :  leaves  oblong-lanceolate,   clasp- 
ing at  base,  denticulate  :  achenes  oval. — Not  uncommon   in    dry  soil. 
June-October. 

4.  L.  Canadensis  L.     Like  the  last,  but  leaves  deeply  sinuate-pinna- 
tifid. — Abundant  in  dry  soil.     June-October. 

5.  L.   pulchella  (Pursh)   DC.     l°-3°   high,  glabrous:  leaves  linear- 
lanceolate,  entire  to  runcinate-pinnatifid  :  achenes  flat,  lanceolate  oblong. 
— Found  as  a  waif  at  Sheffield.     June-September. 

6.  L.  villosa  Jacq.     2°-10°   high,   glabrous  :    leaves  ovate,   pointed, 
denticulate,  tapering  or  abruptly  narrowed  into  a  winged  petiole,  some- 
times with  one  or  two  additional  lobes  at  base  :  achenes  oblong,  thick, 
little  flattened. — In   woods   throughout,    but   not  common.     July-Sep- 
tember. 

7.  L.  Floridana  (L.)  Gaertu.     Like  the  last  but  leaves  deeply  lyrate- 
piunatifid. — Common  in  moist  woods.     July-September. 

6.     NOTHOCALAIS  Greene. 

Perennial  herbs  with  linear-lanceolate,  woolly,  crisped-margined  leaves, 
and  large  heads  of  yellow  flowers.  Involucre  imbricated  in  several  series. 
Achenes  fusiform,  10-striate.  Pappus  composed  of  narrow  scales  mixed 
with  bristles. 

1.  N.  cuspidata  (Pursh)  Greene.  FALSE  DANDELION.  1°  high  from 
a  thickened  caudex. — Not  uncommon  in  barrens  throughout  the  south- 
western part.  April-May. 

7.     SITILIAS  Raf. 

Perennial  herbs  with  large  heads  of  yellow  flowers.  Principal  in- 
volucral  bracts  in  one  series,  with  smaller  ones  at  base.  Achenes  fusi- 
form, 5-ribbed,  tipped  with  a  long  filiform  beak.  Pappus  brownish, 
surrounded  at  base  by  a  soft-villous  ring. 

1.  S.  Carollniana  (Walt.)  Raf.  FALSE  DANDELION.  l°-3°  high, 
branched  :  leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  entire  to  pinnatifid. — Found  as  a 
waif  along  the  railroad  near  Dodson.  June-September. 


186  AMBROSIACEAE 

8.     HIERACIUM  L. 

Perennial  herbs  with  corymbose-paniculate  yellow  flowers.  Involucre 
cylindric  and  scarcely  imbricated  (in  ours).  Achenes  ribbed,  beakless, 
and  fusiform  (in  ours).  Pappus  of  brownish  bristles. 

1.  H.  longipilum  Torr.  PRAIRIE  HAWKWEED.  l°-3°  high,  naked 
above  :  leaves  oblong-spatulate,  entire :  stems  and  leaves  densely  very 
long-pubescent  :  involucre  and  peduncles  glandular-bristly. — Prairies 
around  Lee's  Summit.  Rare  and  local.  July-September. 

9.     NABALUS  Cass 

Leafy-stemmed  perennial  herbs  with  (in  ours)  greenish-white,  racemose- 
paniculate  flowers.  Involucre  cylindric,  the  bracts  in  a  single  row,  with 
smaller  bractlets  at  base.  Achenes  linear- oblong,  striate,  not  contracted 
above.  Pappus  of  copious  bristles. 

1.  N.  asper  (Michx.)  Torr.  &  Gray.  WHITE  LETTUCE.  2°-6°  high, 
rough -pubescent  :  leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  sessile,  toothed  :  heads  erect, 
12-25-flowered,  in  a  strict  inflorescence  :  involucre  hirsute-pubescent. — 
Not  uncommon  in  dry  woods  and  prairies  throughout  the  southwestern 
part.  August-September. 

FAMILY  124.     AMBROSIACEAE  Reichenb. 

Herbs  with  greenish  flowers  in  involucrate  beads,  the  staminate  and 
pistillate  flowers  in  the  same  or  in  different  heads.  Receptacle  chaffy. 
Pistillate  flowers  with  no  corolla  or  a  very  small  one  and  a  small  calyx, 
its  limb  entire  or  slightly  toothed,  adnate  to  the  summit  of  the  1-celled, 
1-ovuled  ovary.  Staminate  flowers  with  a  4-5-lobed  corolla.  Stamens 
five,  the  anthers  nearly  separate. 

Both  kinds  of  flowers  in  the  same  head.  1.  IVA. 
Flowers  in  different  heads. 

Involucre  of  pistillate  flowers  not  prickly.  2.  AMBROSIA. 

Involucre  of  pistillate  flowers  very  prickly.  3.  XANTHIUM. 

1.    IVA  L.     MARSH  ELDER. 

Herbs  with  mostly  opposite  leaves  and  greenish-white  flowers  in  small 
nodding  heads.  Involucral  bracts  few,  roundish.  Marginal  flowers  per- 
fect, fertile.  Disk  flowers  perfect,  sterile. 

Heads  in  axils  of  bracts.  1.  /.  ciliata. 

Heads  not  bracted  at  base.  2.  /.  xanthiifoUa. 

1.  I.  ciliata  Willd.      Annual,   rough-pubescent,   l°-4°   high  :   leaves 
ovate,  petioled,  dentate  :   bracts  ciliate.     Strongly    resembles  Ambrosia 
trifida. — Low  prairies.     Very  abundant  locally  near  Atherton,  Lake  City, 
Buckner  and   Levasy.     Adventized  at   Kansas  City.     August-October. 

2.  I.  xanthiifolia  (Fresen.)  Nutt.     Annual,  2°-6°  high,  soft-pubes- 
cent :  leaves  ovate-dentate,  long-petioled,  pale  beneath,  canescent :  inflor- 
escence paniculate-spicate. — Adventized  in  waste  places  at  Kansas  City 
and  Courtney.     August-October. 


AMBROSIACEAE  187 

2.     AMBROSIA  L. 

Herbs  with  alternate  or  opposite  more  or  less  lobed  leaves.  Staminate 
heads  numerous  in  spike-like  racemes,  the  involucre  5-12-lobed  and  con- 
taining from  5-20  flowers.  Fertile  involucres  few,  at  the  base  of  the 
sterile,  1-flowered,  tuberculate  near  the  top. 

Sterile  heads  sessile.  1.  A.  bidentata. 
Sterile  heads  short-pedicelled. 

Leaves  entire  or  3-5-lobed.  2.  A.  trifida. 
Leaves  pinnately  divided. 

Annual.  3.  A  .  artemisiaefolia. 

Perennial.  4.  A.  psilostachya. 

1.  A.  bidentata  Michx.     SOUTHERN  RAGWEED.     Annual,  l°-3°  high, 
hirsute  :  leaves  lanceolate,  sessile,  alternate,  with  two  lobes  near  the  base : 
one  of  the  lobes  of  the  staminate  involucre  extended  into  a  long  appen- 
dage. -Sparingly  introduced  south  of  the  Union  Depot  in  Kansas  City  and 
at  Sheffield.     July-October. 

2.  A.  trifida  L.     HOKSEWEED.     Annual,  rough-hairy,  2°-20°  high  : 
leaves  opposite,  short-petioled,  3-lobed,  serrate. — A  very  common  weed. 
The  form  with  undivided  leaves  is  not  uncommon.     July-October. 

3.  A.  artemisiaefolia  L.      RAGWEED.     HOGWEED.     Annual,   l°-5° 
high,  pubescent :  leaves  thin  :  pistillate  involucre  with  4-6  spines. — Our 
most  abundant  weed.     July-October. 

4.  A.  psilostachya  DC.      WESTERN   RAGWEED.     Perennial,   l°-3° 
high,  grayish-pubescent  and  rough  :   leaves  thick  :   pistillate  involucre 
with  very  small   spines  or  spineless. — Rather  common  in  dry  grounds 
throughout.     July-October. 

3.     XANTHIUM  L.     COCKLE-BUR. 

Annuals  with  alternate,  petioled,  cordate- ovate,  dentate,  3-uerved  aud 
lobed  leaves.  Staminate  heads  in  short  racemes.  Pistillate  heads  axil- 
lary, 2-celled,  2-flowered,  the  involucre  covered  with  hooked  spines,  2- 
beaked. 

Spines  of  fruit  3/x  long  or  less. 

Fruit  6//-9//  long.  1.  X.  Strumarium. 

Fruit  8"-12"  long.  2.  X.  Canademe. 

Spines  of  fruit  5/x  long.  3.  X.  speciosum. 

1.  X.  Strumarium  L.     Fruit  &"-9"  long,  contracted  at  base,  slender, 
puberulent :  spines  loosely  disposed,  l/'-Sj"  long,  exceeded  by  the  nearly 
straight  spreading  beaks. — Occasional  in  waste  places.     August-October. 

2.  X.  Canadense  Mill.     Fruit  8//-12//  long,  rounded  at  base,  sub- 
glabrateto  hairy  :  spines  thickly  disposed,  1^//-3//  long,  usually  exceeded 
by  the  stout  incurved  beaks. — Common  in  waste  places.    August-October. 

Var.  echinatum  Gray.     Fruit  strongly  hispid. — Frequent  with  the  type. 

3.  X.  speciosum  Kearney.     Fruit  10//-12//  long,  hairy  :  spines  slen- 
der,  thickly  disposed,   3//-o//  long,  often  exceeding  the  slender  nearly 
straight  beaks. — Bottoms  near  Courtney.     August-October. 


188  COMPOSITAE 

FAMILY  125.     COMPOSITAE  Adans. 

Herbs  with  non-stipulate  leaves.  Flowers  on  a  common  receptacle, 
subtended  by  an  involucre  and  forming  heads.  Receptacle  naked,  chaffy 
or  pitted.  Calyx  tube  united  with  the  ovary,  its  limb  obsolete  or  con- 
sisting of  bristles,  scales,  etc.  Corolla  tubular,  5-cleft,  that  of  the  margi- 
nal flowers  often  expanding  into  a  ray.  Stamens  five,  their  anthers 
syngenesious.  Ovary  1-celled,  inferior,  containing  a  single  erect  ovule. 
Style  2-cleft. 

Flowers  all  tubular. 

Receptacle  not  chaffy  or  bristly. 

Receptacle  chaffy  or  bristly  II. 

Some  flowers  with  rays. 

Receptacle  not  chaffy  or  bristly. 

Flowers  yellow.  III. 

Flowers  not  yellow.  IV. 

Receptacle  chaffy  or  bristly. 

Flowers  yellow.  V. 

Flowers  not  yellow.  VI. 

I. 

Involucral  bracts  in  several  series. 
Flowers  white  or  purplish. 

Flowers  all  perfect  ;  bracts  not  scarious. 

Heads  subtended  by  sessile  bracts.  2.  ELEPHANTOPUS. 

Heads  not  subtended  by  sessile  bracts. 

Achenes  5  angled,  not  ribbed.  3.   EUPATORIUM. 

Achenes  8-10-ribbed. 

Pappus  double,  outer  shorter  than  the  inner. 

1.  VERXOXIA. 
Pappus  single. 

Flowers  white.  4.  KUHNIA 

Flowers  rose  purple.  5.  LACIXAKIA. 

Flowers  not  all  perfect ;  bracts  scarious. 

Plant  dioecious.  15.  ANTENNAEIA. 

Plant  not  dioecious.  16.  GXAPHALIUM. 

Flowers  yellowish. 

Involucral  bracts  not  glutinous. 

Heads  corymbose.  40.  TAXACETUM. 

Heads  paniculate  or  spicate-paniculate.        41.  ARTEMISIA. 
Involucral  bracts  strongly  glutinous.  7.  GRINDELIA. 

Involucral  bracts  in  one  series. 

Vile-smelling  plants.  42.  ERECHTITES. 

Plants  without  a  perceptible  odor.  43.  MESADEXIA. 

II. 

Pappus  of  2-6  teeth  or  awns. 

Inner  involucral  bracts  separate.  30.   BIDEXS. 

Inner  involucral  bracts  united  to  middle.          31.  THELESPERMA. 
Pappus  of  few-many  bristles. 

Plants  prickly.  46.  CARDUUS. 

Plants  not  prickly. 

Involucre  covered  with  hooked  bristles.  45.  ARCTIUM. 

Involucre  not  covered  with  bristles.  47.  CEXTAUREA. 


COMPOSITAE 


189 


III. 

Involucre  dotted  with  oil  glands. 
Involucre  not  dotted  with  oil  glands. 
Pappus  none. 
Pappus  of  5-8  scales. 
Pappus  of  2-3  awns. 
Pappus  a.  short  crown. 
Pappus  of  disk  flowers  of  capillary  bristles. 
Bracts  in  a  single  series. 
Bracts  strongly  imbricated. 
Heads  V  or  more  broad. 
Leaves  spinulosely  serrate. 
Leaves  not  spinulosely  serrate. 
Heads  6X/  or  less  broad. 

Pappus  of  5-8  bristle-like  chaff. 
Pappus  of  uumerous  capillary  bristles. 
Disk  flowers  more  numerous  than  ray 

flowers. 

Ray  flowers  more  numerous  than  disk 
flowers. 

IV. 

Pappus  none. 

Pappus  of  2-4  bristles  and  short  scales. 
Pappus  of  numerous  capillary  bristles. 
Rays  not  the  width  of  the  disk. 
Rays  longer  than  the  disk. 

Involucre  imbricated  in  1-2  rows. 
Involucre  imbricated  in  2-several  rows. 

V. 

Disk  flowers  not  ripening  seeds. 
Achenes  wing-margined. 
Achenes  wingless. 
Disk  flowers  ripening  seeds. 
Leaves  opposite. 
Achenes  3-4  sided. 
Ray  flowers  fertile. 
Ray  flowers  not  fertile. 
Achenes  strongly  flattened. 

Pappus  of  two  small  teeth  or  none. 
Pappus  of  2-6  barbed  bristles. 
Leaves  alternate. 

Receptacle  conic  or  columnar. 
Achenes  4-angled  or  terete. 
Achenes  flat,  wing-margined. 
Receptacle  flat  to  low  conic. 

Pappus  of  two  small  scales  or  awns. 
Achenes  not  winged. 
Achenes  winged. 
Pappus  of  6-12  scales. 

VI. 

Involucral  bracts  not  strongly  fimbrillate. 
Rays  reddish- purple. 
Rays  white. 

Disk  flowers  not  ripening  seeds. 


36.  BOEBKRA. 


33. 
34. 

7. 
40. 


FLAVERIA. 
HKLENIUM. 
GRINDELIA. 
TANACETUM. 


44.  SENECIO. 


17. 


PRIONOPSIS. 
INULA. 


6.  AMPHIACHYRIS. 


10. 

39. 
11. 


SOLIDAGO. 
EUTHAMIA. 

CHRYSANTHEMUM. 
BOLTOXIA. 


14.  LEPTILOX. 


12. 


ERIGERON. 
ASTER. 


19.  SILPHIUM. 

20.  ENGELMANNIA. 


22.  HELIOPSIS. 
27.  HELIANTHUS. 

29.  COREOPSIS. 

30.  BIDENS. 


24.  RUDBECKIA. 

25.  RATIBIDA. 


27.  HELIANTHUS. 

28.  VERBESINA. 
35.  GAILLARDIA. 


26.  BRAUNERIA. 


190  COMPOSITAE 

Stem  leaves  opposite.  18.  POLYMNIA. 

Leaves  alternate.  21.  PARTHENIUM. 

Disk  flowers  ripening  seeds. 
Leaves  not  pinnatifid. 

Pappus  none  or  minute.  23.  ECLIPTA. 

Pappus  of  disk  flowers  of  4-6  fimbriate 

scales.  32.  GALINSOGA. 

Leaves  pinnatifid. 

Heads  less  than  4XX  broad.  37.  ACHILLEA. 

Heads  much  more  than  4XX  broad.  38.^ANTHEMis. 

Involucral  bracts  strongly  fimbrillate.  47.  CENTAUREA. 

1 .     VERNONIA  Schreb.     IRON  WEED. 

Leaves  alternate.  Heads  cymose-paniculate,  many-flowered.  Flowers 
purple. 

Bracts  of  involucre  with  filiform  tips.  1.  V.  crinita. 
Bracts  of  involucre  not  filiform-tipped. 

Leaves  linear-lanceolate.  2.  V-  fasciculata. 
Leaves  lanceolate  to  ovate  lanceolate. 

Leaves  little  pubescent  beneath.  3.  V.  maxima. 

Leaves  strongly  pubescent  beneath.  4.  V.  interior. 

1.  V.  crinita  Raf.     4°-8°  high,  glabrate  to  downy :  leaves  lanceolate, 
dentate  to  denticulate  :  heads  50-70- flowered. — One  clump  on  the  prairie 
near  Waldo  Park.     Probably  a  waif.     July-October. 

2.  V.  fasciculata  Michx.     3°-7°  high,  pubescent  or  glabrate  :  leaves 
linear-lanceolate,  finely  serrate,  thick,  3XX-8XX  broad  :  heads  20-30-flow- 
ered,  2XX  broad  :   scales  acute  or  obtuse,  appressed. — Occasional  in  low 
grounds  throughout,  but  abundant  in  the  northeastern  part.     August- 
October. 

3.  V.  maxima  Small.      4°-10°  high,  pubescent  or  glabrate  :   leaves 
lanceolate,  sharply  serrate,  thin,  broader  than  the  last :  heads  like  the 
last,  but  scales  acute  to  mucronate. — In  low  grounds  especially  along  the 
Missouri  River.     Possibly  only  a  low  ground  form  of  the  next.     July- 
October. 

4.  V.  interior  Small.    Resembles  number  3,  but  leaves  usually  densely 
pubescent  beneath  :  heads  3//  broad  :  involucral  scales  appressed. — Abun- 
dant in  dry  grounds  throughout.     June-October.     Our  most  common 
species. 

Var.  Dmmmondii  (Shuttlw. )  Mackenzie  &  Bush,  n.  comb.  Heads 
4XX-6XX  broad. — Common  in  dry  grounds  especially  in  the  southern  part. 
(  V.  Drummondi  Shuttlw. ) 

Var.  Baldwinii  (Torr. )  Mackenzie  &  Bush,  n.  comb.  Heads  3X/ 
broad  :  scales  of  involucre  spreading  or  recurved. — Dry  woods  at  Swope 
Park.  Not  common.  (  V.  Baldwinii  Torr.) 

2.     ELEPHANTOPUS  L. 

Heads  2-5-flowered,  several  together  forming  bracted  glomerules. 
Pappus  of  a  few  awn-like  bristles. 


COMPOSITAE  191 

1.  E.  Carolinianus  Willd.  ELEPHANT'S  FOOT.  1°-2J°  high,  pubes- 
cent :  leaves  basal  and  cauline,  obovate-spatulate,  petioled,  crenate. — 
Locally  common  in  rich  woods  around  Atherton,  and  along  the  Mis- 
souri Kiver  bluffs  between  Rock  and  Sugar  Creeks. 

3.    EUPATORIUM  L.    THOROUGH  WORT. 
Heads  cymose-paniculate.     Involucre  imbricated. 

Flowers  purplish.  1.  E.  maculatum. 

Flowers  white. 

Leaves  connate-perfoliate.  2.  E.  perfoliatum. 

Leaves  petioled. 

Heads  5-flowered.  3.   E.  altissimum. 

Heads  10-many-  flowered. 

Involucral  scales  in  2-3  rows.  4.  E  seroiinum. 

Involucral  scales  in  one  row.  5.  E.  ageratoides. 

1.  E.  maculatum  L.     JOE-PYE  WEED.     2°-7°  high:  leaves  in  whorls 
of    3-6,    petioled,     ovate-lanceolate,     serrate,    pubescent  :    inflorescence 
flattish. — Abundant  in  rich  woods.     July-September. 

2.  E.  perfoliatum  L.     BONESET.     2°-6°  high,  hairy  :  leaves  opposite, 
lanceolate,  acuminate,  serrate  :  heads  10-15-flowered. — Common  in  low 
grounds  throughout   the   northeastern   part  and   occasional    elsewhere. 
July-September. 

3.  E.  altissimum  L.     3°-8°  high,  pubescent :  leaves  lanceolate,  taper- 
ing to  the  base,  serrate  above,  strongly  3-nerved. — Common  in  sunny 
grounds.     July-September. 

4.  E.  serotinum  Michx.     3°-7°  high,  pubescent  :    leaves  ovate-lan- 
ceolate,   slender-petioled,     sharply    serrate,    3-nerved. — Local    in    low 
grounds  near  Sheffield,  Courtney,  Greenwood  and  Grain  Valley.    August- 
September. 

5.  E.  ageratoides  L.     WHITE  SNAKEROOT.     l°-3°  high,  smoothish  : 
leaves  ovate,  acuminate,  slender-petioled,  sharply  serrate. — A  form  with 
strongly  tomentose  stem  is  frequent.     Abundant  in  woods.     July-Oc- 
tober. 

4.     KUHNIA  L. 

Perennial  herbs  with  alternate  resinous-dotted  leaves.  Pappus  plu- 
mose. Anthers  hardly  syngenesious. 

1.  K.  glutinosa  Ell.  FALSE  BONESET.  l°-3°  high,  tomentulose- 
pubescent  :  leaves  lanceolate,  sharply  but  remotely  serrate  :  heads  6"-8" 
high  :  outer  bracts  subulate-acuminate  :  pappus  white.— Not  uncommon 
in  dry  soil  throughout,  and  abundant  in  the  southern  part.  July-Oc- 
tober. 

5.    LACINARIA  Hill.     BLAZING  STAR. 

Perennial  herbs  from  tubers,  with  narrow  leaves,  and  showy  spicate- 
racemose  heads.  Pappus  barbellate  to  plumose. 

Heads  15-16-flowered. 

Involucral  bracts  acuminate.  1.  L.  squarrosa  intermedia. 

Involucral  bracts  rounded.  2.  L.  scariosa. 


192  COMPOSITAE 

Heads  3-6-flowered. 

Tips  of  involucral  bracts  erect  3.   L.  punctata. 

Tips  of  involucral  bracts  spreading.  4.  L.  pycnostachya. 

1.  L.   squarrosa  intermedia  (Lindl.)  Porter.     l°-2£°  high,    hairy: 
heads  few,  4//-5//  wide  :  tips  of  involucral  bracts  spreading  — Locally 
common  on  dry  hills  near  Lee's  Summit  and  Dodson,     July-September. 

2.  L.  scariosa  (L. )  Hill.     2°-5°  high  :  leaves  oblong-ovate  to  linear- 
lanceolate  :   heads  numerous  :   tips  of  involucral  bracts  not  spreading, 
purple-margined. — Not    uncommon   in   dry  grounds,   especially  in  the 
southern  part.     July-September. 

3.  L.  punctata  ( Hook. )  Kuntze.     6/-30/  high  :  heads  numerous  :  invo- 
lucral bracts  cuspidate  or  acuminate  :  pappus  very  plumose. — Native  west 
of  Lee's  Summit  in  rocky  barrens  ;  found  as  a  waif  near  Sheffield.    July- 
September. 

4.  L.  pycnostachya  (Michx.)  Kuntze.     2°-5°  high  :  heads  numerous  : 
involucral  bracts  acute  :  pappus  merely  barbellate. — Frequent  on  prai- 
ries, especially  in  the  southern  part.     July-September. 

6.     AMPHIACHYRIS  DC. 

Glutinous  annuals  with  alternate  linear  leaves,  and  numerous  heads  of 
small  yellow  flowers.  Pappus  of  ray  flowers  nearly  obsolete.  Eay  flow- 
ers only  perfecting  seeds.  Achenes  hairy. 

1.  A.  dracunculoides  (DC.)  Nutt.  YELLOW  WEED.  6'-2%°  high, 
much  branched. — Abundant  in  dry  soil  throughout  the  southern  part. 
July-October. 

7.  GRINDELIA  Willd. 

Leaves  sessile,  alternate,  spinulosely  dentate.  Involucral  bracts  imbri- 
cated, with  spreading  tips.  Receptacle  naked. 

1.  G-.  squarrosa  (Pursh)  Dunal.  GUM  PLANT.  l°-3°  high,  glabrous, 
glutinous  :  leaves  oblong-spatulate  :  achenes  not  toothed. — Occasionally 
adventized  along  railroads  at  Kansas  City.  August-September. 

Var.  nuda  (Wood)  A.  Gray.     Rays  wanting. — With  the  type. 

8.  PRIONOPSIS  Nutt. 

Differs  from  Grindelia  chiefly  in  the  pappus  being  composed  of  unequal 
deciduous  bristles.  Mature  achenes  glabrous. 

1.  P.  ciliata  Nutt.  2°-4°  high  :  leaves  ovate,  obtuse,  spinulosely  ser- 
rate :  involucral  bracts  glabrous,  slightly  spreading  :  heads  12//-15// 
broad. — Adventized  along  railroads  at  Kansas  City  ;  also  occurs  near 
Greenwood,  where  it  is  possibly  native.  July-September. 

9.     SOLIDAGO  L.     GOLDEN  ROD. 

Perennial  herbs  with  small  heads  of  yellow  flowers.  Involucre  imbri- 
cated in  several  series.  Receptacle  pitted.  Ray  flowers  pistillate.  Disk 
flowers  perfect. 


COMPOSITAE  193 

Involucral  scales  with  spreading  tips.  1.  8.  petiolaris. 

Involucral  scales  appressed. 

Heads  in  axillary  clusters.  2.  S.  flexicaulis. 

Heads  in  a  terminal  corymb.  3.  S.  rigida. 

Heads  paniculate. 

Leaves  not  strongly  3-nerved. 
Panicle  branches  ascending. 

Lower  leaves  ovate.  4.  S.  tpeciosa. 

Lower  leaves  lanceolate.  5.  S.  riyidiuscula. 

Panicle  branches  recurved-spreading. 

Stems  glabrate  or  sparingly  hairy.  6.  S.  uhmfolia. 

Stems  strongly  hairy.  7.  8.  rugosn. 

Leaves  strongly  3-nerved. 
Stems  glabrous. 

Branches  of  panicle  puberulent.  8.  S.  serotina. 

Branches  of  panicle  glabrous.  9.  S.  Missouriensis. 

Stems  pubescent  or  scabrous. 

Leaves  sharply  serrate  to  entire.  10.  S.  Canadensis. 

Leaves  crenate  to  entire. 

Heads  2$"  high.  11.  8.  nemordlis. 

Heads  3/x  high.  12.  S.  longipetiolata. 

1.  S.  petiolaris  Ait.     l°-3°  high,  pubescent :  leaves  oblong-lanceolate, 
short-petioled,  sharply  serrate  :  heads  3//-4//  high,  in  a  compound  thyrse: 
rays  about  ten. — Abundant  in  a  rocky  wood,  just  north  of  Roanoke,  Kan- 
sas City.     August-September. 

2.  S.  flexicaulis  L.  Stems  l°-3°  high,  glabrous,  zigzag  :  leaves  ovate, 
petioled,  sharply  serrate  :  heads  3X/  high  :   rays  3  or  4. — In  rich  woods 
around  Sibley.     Local.     August-September. 

3.  S.  rigida  L.     2°-5°  high,  roughish-pubescent :  leaves  oblong-ovate, 
thick,  serrulate,  the  lower  petioled,  the  upper  sessile  :  heads  4//-5//  high  : 
rays  6-10. — Not  uncommon  in  dry  soil,  especially  in  the  southern  part. 
August-September. 

4.  S.  speciosa  Nutt.     2°-5°  high,  glabrous :  leaves  ovate,  serrulate, 
petioled  :  heads  3x/-4/x  high,  very  numerous  in  a  large  compound  thyrse  : 
rays  about  five. — Abundant  locally  in  the  bluffs  east  of  Dodson  ;  also 
north  of  Lee's  Summit.     Very  handsome.     September-October. 

5.  S.  rigidiuscula  (T.  &  G.)  Porter.     Like  the  last  but  leaves  nar. 
rower:   thyrse  narrower  and  less  branching,  I'-S'  wide,  3X-6X  long. — 
Found  on  the  prairies  near  Buckner,  and  as  a  waif  near  Dodson.     Sep- 
tember-October. 

6.  S.  ulmifolia  Muhl.     Stem  l°-4°  high,  smooth  or  slightly  pubescent : 
leaves  thin,  oblong-ovate,  often   4/-5/   long,  sharply  serrate,  somewhat 
rough   above,  petioled,  hairy :  heads  2//-3//  high :  rays  about  four. — 
Abundant  in  dry  woods  throughout.     August-October. 

7.  S.  rugosa  Mill.     Close  to  No.   6,   but  stem   strongly  pubescent: 
leaves  thick,  very  rough  above,  3'  or  less  long  :  panicle  branches  more 
numerous. — Dry  woods  from  Courtney  to  Sibley. 

8.  S.  serotina  Ait.     l£°-6°   high,  glabrous :   leaves   lanceolate,  thin- 
nish,  sharply  serrate,  rough-margined,  smooth  or  slightly  pubescent  be- 

13 


194  COMPOSITAE 

neath  :  heads  2//-3//  high  :  scales  of  involucre  thin  :  rays  7-15. — Common 
in  low  grounds  along  the  Missouri  River.     July-September. 

9.  S.  Missouriensis  Nutt.     l°-3°  high,  glabrous  throughout :  leaves 
linear-lanceolate,  thick,  entire  or  strongly  serrate :  heads  2//-3//  high  : 
scales  of  involucre  thick  :  rays  6-13.— Not  uncommon   locally  on  dry 
prairies  throughout  the  southern  part.     July-September. 

10.  S.  Canadensis  L.     3°-6°  high,  finely  pubescent:  leaves  lanceo- 
late, sharply  serrate,  roughish  above,  pubescent  beneath  :  rays  9-15. — 
"Very  common  in  dry  grounds  throughout.     August-September. 

Var.  scabriuscula  Porter.  Leaves  very  rugose  beneath,  somewhat 
shorter  than  the  type. — Frequent  along  the  Missouri  River  bluffs,  espe- 
cially around  Courtney. 

Var.  procera  (Ait.)  T.  &  G.  Leaves  cinereous  pubescent,  especially 
beneath. — Common  on  a  rocky  hill  near  Pixleys. 

11.  S.   iiemoralis   Ait.     l°-3°   high,    grayish  pubescent :   leaves  ob- 
lanceolate  to  oblong-spatulate,  crenate-toothed,  more  or  less  roughish, 
and  appressed  grayish-pubescent :  inflorescence  usually  not  one-sided  : 
rays  7-10,  less  than  \ff  long. — Not  uncommon  in  dry  grounds,  especially 
in  the  southern  part.     Very  variable.     August-September. 

12.  S.  longipetiolata  Mackenzie  &  Bush,  n.  sp.     10/-24/  high,  canes- 
cent,  green  :  lower  leaves  linear  oblanceolate,  long  petioled,  short  crenate 
to  entire,  appressed-pubescent  on  both  sides  :  inflorescence  strongly  one- 
sided :  rays  3-10,  over  \\/f  long. — Frequent  in  dry  ground  throughout  the 
southwestern  part.     August-October. 

10.  EUTHAMIA  Nutt. 

Perennial  herbs  with  linear  to  linear-lanceolate  leaves.  Heads  numerous 
in  a  flat-topped  cyme.  Involucie  imbricated.  Receptacle  fimbrillate.  Ray 
flowers  pistillate.  Disk  flowers  peifect. 

1.  E.  graminifolia  (L.)  Nutt.  GOLDEN  ROD.  2°-4°  high,  nearly 
glabrous  :  leaves  3-5-nerved  :  rays  12-20. — Frequent  on  prairies  through- 
out, especially  in  the  southern  part.  August-September. 

11.  BOLTONIA  L'Her. 

Perennial  herbs  with  alternate  entire  leaves.  Involucral  bracts  imbri- 
cated. Receptacle  naked.  Ray  flowers  pistillate.  Disk  flowers  perfect. 
Achenes  flat,  with  thickened  margins. 

1.  B.  asteroides  (L.)  L'Her.  SWAMP  ASTEE.  4°-8°  high,  glabrous: 
leaves  lanceolate,  sessile :  flowers  very  numerous,  white  :  iuvolucral 
bracts  lanceolate  to  spatulate,  obtuse  to  mucronate. — Abundant  locally  in 
low  grounds  throughout  the  northern  part.  August-October. 

12.     ASTER  L. 

Perennial  herbs  with  alternate  leaves  and  corymbose  or  paniculate  in- 
florescences. Ray  flowers  pistillate.  Disk  flowers  fertile.  Receptacle 
flat.  Achenes  flattened. 


COMPOSITAE 


195 


Lower  leaves  cordate,  petioled. 

Leaves  entire.  1.  A.  azureus, 

Leaves  serrate. 

Heads  2//-3//  high.  2.  A.  cordifolim. 

Heads  3"-5"  high. 

Stems  densely  finely  canescent.  3.  A.  Drummondii. 

Stems  glabrous  or  nearly  so.  4.  A.  sagittifolius. 

Stem  leaves  cordate-clasping. 
Stems  rough -hairy. 

Plants  3°-8°  high.  5.  A.  Novae- Angliae. 

Plants  2°  or  less  high.  6.  A.  oUongifolius. 

Stems  glabrous. 

Leaves  oblong  lanceolate  to  ovate.  7.  A.  laevis. 

Leaves  linear-lanceolate.  8.  A.  concinnus. 

Stem  leaves  not  cordate  or  cordate  clasping. 

Leaves  silvery  on  both  sides.  9.  A.  sericeus. 

Leaves  not  silvery. 
Stem  leaves  linear. 

Stems  rough-pubescent.  10.  A.  exiguus. 

Stems  glabrous  to  villous. 

Heads  3X/-4X/  broad.  11.   A.  parviceps. 

Heads  4//-6//  broad.  12.  A .  ericoides  pilosus. 

Stem  leaves  lanceolate. 

Heads  not  one-sided  on  the  branches. 
Stems  glabrous  or  nearly  so. 

Kays  violet.  13.    A.  mlicifolius. 

Rays  white. 

Rays  3"-4"  long.  14.  A.  paniculatus. 

Rays  2"-3"  long.  15.  A.  Tradescanti. 

Stems  finely  canescent.  16.  A.  Missouriensis. 

Heads  strongly  one  sided  on  the  branches.     17.  A.  lateriflorus. 

1.  A.  azureus  Lindl.  l°-3°  high,  rough  or  smooth  :  lower  leaves  ovate- 
cordate  to  lanceolate,  rough,  the  upper  linear  to  lanceolate  :  involucral 
scales  strongly  green-tipped  :  rays  10-26,  bright  blue. — Not  uncommon  in 
dry  places  throughout  the  southern  part.     September-October. 

2.  A.  cordifolius  L.    l°-4°high:  lower  leaves  ovate- cordate,  the  upper 
ovate  to  lanceolate  :  heads  2//-3//  high  :  bracts  obtusish  to  acute :  rays 
10-20,  bluish.     This  and  the  next  two  species  freely  intergrade  with  us. 
— Abundant  in  woods.     September-October. 

3.  A.   Drummondii  Lindl.     Distinguished    from  the  last  chiefly  by 
being  finely  and  densely  canescent  all  over  and  having  heads  3//-5//  high  : 
bracts  more  acute. — Frequent  in  dry  woods,  especially  in  the  southern 
part.     September-October. 

4.  A.  sagittifolius  Willd.     Like  A.   Drummondii,  but  whole    plant 
nearly  glabrous  and  involucral  scales  looser. — Dry  oak  woods  near  Dod- 
son.     September-October. 

5.  A.    Novae-Angliae  L.     Stems  hairy  :   leaves   lanceolate,   entire, 
pubescent :  involucral   scales  spreading,  glandular-viscid  :   rays  40-50, 
violet-purple,  6"  long. — In  moist  grounds  throughout,  but  uncommon. 
August-October. 

6.  A.  oblongifolius   Nutt.     Stems  glandular-puberulent  :  leaves  ob- 


196  COMPOSITAE 

long,  entire,  hispidulous,  rough-margined:  involucral  scales  appressed  or 
spreading  :  rays  20-30,  violet-purple,  4"  long. — Often  common  in  bar- 
rens in  the  southern  part.  September-October. 

7.  A.   laevia   L.     2°-3°   high  :  leaves   entire  or  serrate,  rough-mar- 
gined :  involucral  scales  close,  green-tipped  :  heads  I/  broad  :  rays  15-30, 
blue. — Frequent  in  dry  grounds  throughout  the  southern  part.     Septem- 
ber-October. 

8.  A.  concinnus  Willd.     Closely  resembles  the  last  but  the  plant  is 
taller  and  the  leaves  elongated  linear-lanceolate. — Dry  woods,  especially 
around  Dodson.     September-October. 

9.  A.  sericeus  Vent.     l°-2°  high,  glabrous  :  leaves  oblong-lanceolate, 
sessile,  entire  :  involucral  scales  loose,  spreading,  caiiescent :  heads  18X/ 
broad  :   rays  violet-blue. — Rarely   found  on  rocky  prairies    near   Lee's 
Summit.     August-October. 

10.  A.    exiguus    (Fernald)    Rydb.     l°-2°    high,    much    branched: 
leaves  rigid,  sessile,  rough  and  ciliate-margined  :  heads  very  numerous, 
3//_4//    broad  :    involucral  tips    spreading  :    rays   white,  10-20. — Often 
abundant  in  dry  soil.     August-October. 

11.  A.   parviceps    (Burgess)   Mackenzie  &   Bush,    n.  comb.     l°-3° 
high,  glabrous,  bushy-branched  :  leaves  short-linear,  acute,  entire,  rough, 
with  short  very  few-flowered  branches  in  their  axils  :  leaves  of  branches 
scale- like  :  heads  small,  numerous,  not  crowded  :  rays  10-20,  white,  lx/- 
2X/  long. — Common  on  a  low  prairie  one  mile  south  of  Dodson  ;  also  at 
Lake  City  and  Courtney.     September-October.     (A.  ericoides  parviceps 
Burgess. ) 

12.  A.  ericoides  pilosus  (Willd.)  Porter.     l°-3°  high,  hairy  :  basal 
leaves  spatulate  :  stem  leaves  linear  :  inflorescence  paniculate  :  heads  6/x 
wide  :  rays  15-20,  white,  3"  long  :  involucral  scales  conspicuously  green- 
tipped. — Dry  woods  west  of  Lee's  Summit.     September-October. 

13.  A.  salicifolius  Lam.     2°-6°  high  :  leaves  lanceolate,  rough,  sessile, 
thickish,  sharply  serrate  :  heads  numerous,  panicled,  8//-12//  broad  :  rays 
numerous,  3/x-4/x  long,  violet,  rarely  white. — Common  in  open  woods 
throughout.    August-October. 

Var.  subasper  (Lindl. )  A.  Gray.     Stems  and  leaves  scabrous  :  inflores- 
cence more  contracted. — In  similar  situations,  but  less  common. 

14.  A.  paniculatus  Lam.     2°-8°  high  :  leaves  lanceolate,  rough-mar- 
gined, sessile,  sharply  serrate  :  heads  as  in  the  last,  but  rays  white. — 
Very  abundant  in  low  grounds.     August-October. 

15.  A.  Tradescanti  L.     Closely  resembles  A.  paniculatus,  but  heads 
only  5"-8"  broad,  and  rays  2//-3//  long  —In  moist  grounds  near  Shef- 
field and  Grain  Valley.     Common  locally.     August-October. 

16.  A.  Missouriensis  Britton.     l°-3°  high,  puberulent :  leaves  spatu- 
late to  oblanceolate,  sharply  serrate  above  the  middle,  or  entire,  tapering 
to  a  winged  petiole  at  base  or  sessile  :  heads  4//-7//  broad,  terminating 
short  leafy  branches  or  pauicled  :    rays  white,    \\"-%\"  long.  —  Very 


COMPOSITAE  197 

abundant  in  low  woods,  especially  along  the  Missouri  River.    September- 
October. 

17.  A.  lateriflonis  (L.)  Britton.  l°-3°  high,  glabrate :  branches 
puberulent :  leaves  lanceolate  to  oblanceolate,  3X  long,  sparingly  serrate, 
sessile  or  nearly  so  :  heads  3//-4//  broad,  one-sided  on  the  branches  of  a 
large  panicle  :  rays  white,  \"-\\f'  long. — Bluff  woods  near  Sibley. 
September-October. 

12.    ERIGERON  L.     FLEABANE. 

Ours  are  herbs  with  corymbose-paniculate,  long-peduncled  heads  of 
flowers.  Leaves  alternate.  Involuoral  scales  subequal,  in  one  or  two 
series.  Ray  flowers  pistillate.  Disk  flowers  fertile.  Achenes  flattened, 
2-nerved. 

Stem  leaves  clasping,  thin.  1.  E.  Philadelphicus. 
Stem  leaves  not  clasping. 

Leaves  ovate- lanceolate,  toothed.  2.  E.  annuus. 

Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  entire.  3.  E.  ramosus. 

1.  E.  Philadelphicus  L.     Perennial,  l°-2°  high,  hairy  :  leaves  spatu- 
late  to  obovate,  toothed  :  heads  not  numerous  :  rays  100-150,  light  rose- 
purple  :  pappus  simple. — Rather  common  in  moist  woods.     May-June. 

2.  E.  annuus    (L. )    Pers.     Annual,    l°-4°   high,  closely  pubescent: 
heads  numerous :  rays  40-70,  white :  pappus  double. — Very  abundant  in 
fields.     May-August. 

3.  E.  ramosus  (Walt.)  B.S.P.     Resembles  the  last,   but  pubescence 
more  appressed  and  leaves  narrower  and  usually  entire. — Abundant  in 
dry  fields.     May-August. 

14.     LEPTILON   Raf. 

Annual  herbs  with  alternate  leaves.  Involucre  in  1-2  series.  Ray 
flowers  pistillate.  Disk  flowers  fertile.  Achenes  flattened.  Pappus 
simple. 

Plants  tall  and  erect.  1.  Z.  Canadense. 

Plants  diffusely  spreading.  2.  L.  divaricatum. 

1.  L.  Canadense  (L. )  Britton.     HORSE  WEED.     l°-8°  high,  pubes- 
cent :  lower  leaves  spatulate,  sparingly  toothed,  the  upper  linear,  entire  : 
heads  numerous,  panicled,  small :  rays  whitish. — A  very  common  weed. 
June-October. 

2.  L.  divaricatum  (Michx. )  Raf.     Low  HORSE  WEED.     3'-12'  high, 
strigose-pubescent  :  leaves  linear  to  awl-shaped  :  heads  corymbose  :  rays 
purplish- white. — Occurs  locally  in  sandy  fields  throughout  the  county. 
June-October. 

15.    ANTENNARIA   Gaertn.     EVERLASTING.     INDIAN  TOBACCO. 
Woolly   perennial   herbs  with   clustered,    basal  leaves  and  alternate 
caaline  leaves,  and  capitate  or  corymbose  dioecious  heads   of  flowers. 
Involucral  bracts  imbricated,  scarious  margined. 


198  COMPOSITAE 

Mature  basal  leaves  9X/-24X/  wide.  1.  A.  occidentals. 

Mature  basal  leaves  3//-6//  wide.  2.  A.  campestris. 

1.  A.  occidentalis  Greene.     Basal  leaves  ovate,  l£'-2'  long,  9'MS'' 
wide,  tapering  into  a  petiole,  V  long,  strongly  3-5-nerved  :  stems  9/-12/ 
high  :  heads  corymbose. — Common  in  dry  woods.     April-May. 

2.  A.  campestris  Kydb.     Basal  leaves  oblauceolate  to  obovate,  thick, 
3X/  wide,  tapering  at  the  base,  not  distinctly  petioled,  usually  one-nerved, 
I/  long  :  stems  3/-12/  high. — In  dry  grounds  throughout.  Rather  common. 
April-May. 

16.     GNAPHALIUM  L.     EVEKLASTING. 

Woolly  herbs  with  alternate  leaves.  Involucral  bracts  imbricated, 
scarious.  Outer  flowers  pistillate.  Central  flowers  perfect. 

Heads  corymbose.  1.   G.  oMusifolium. 

Heads  spicate.  2.   G.  purpureum. 

1.  G.  obtusifolium    L.      Annual,   erect,  l°-3°  high  :  leaves   sessile, 
lanceolate,  undulate  :  pappus  bristles  distinct. — In  dry  woods  through- 
out, but  rather  rare.     July-October. 

2.  G.  purpureum  L.     Annual,   erect,  6/-20/  high  :  leaves  spatulate  : 
pappus  bristles  united  below. — In  dry  fields  near  Courtney  and  Grain 
Valley.     Rare.     May-July. 

17.     INULA  L. 

Coarse  herbs.  Involucre  imbricated.  Ray  flowers  pistillate.  Disk 
flowers  perfect.  Achenes  4-5-ribbed. 

1.  I.  Helenium  L.  ELECAMPANE.  Perennial,  3°-6°  high  :  leaves 
ovate-oblong,  downy  beneath,  denticulate  :  heads  2/-4/  broad. — Common 
locally  along  Spring  Branch  east  of  Independence  ;  also  near  Court- 
ney. July-September. 

18.     POLYMNIA  L. 

Perennial  herbs  with  opposite  leaves  and  corymbose  flowers.  Involu- 
cral bracts  in  two  series,  the  outer  consisting  of  five  large  bracts,  the  inner 
of  numerous  small  ones,  subtending  the  achenes.  Pappus  none. 

1.  P.  Canadensis  radiata  A.  Gray.  LEAF  CUP.  2°-5°  high,  viscid- 
pubescent  :  leaves  deltoid-ovate,  denticulate,  pinnatifid  :  rays  five, 
white,  3"  long,  3-lobed. — Common  in  rich  rocky  woods  along  the  Mis- 
souri River  bluffs  at  Kansas  City.  June-September. 

19.     SILPHIUM  L. 

Stout  perennial  herbs  with  corymbose-paniculate  flowers.  Involucral 
bracts  imbricated.  Ray  flowers  in  2-3  series.  Achenes  flat,  2-winged, 
without  pappus,  or  with  two  teeth  confluent  with  the  winged  margins. 

Leaves  opposite. 

Leaves  strongly  connate-perfoliate.  1.  8.  perfolwtum. 

Leaves  sessile  merely.  2.  S.  integrifolium. 

Leaves  alternate.  3.  8.  laciniatum. 


COMPOSITAE  199 

1.  S.  perfoliatum  L.       CUP  PLANT.      Stems  4°-8°   high,  square  : 
leaves   ovate-cordate,    coarsely   toothed,  scabrous  :  heads  2/-3/  wide. — 
Common  in  moist  grounds.     June-September. 

2.  S.  integrifolium  Michx.     ROSIN  WEED.    Stems  almost  terete,  2°-5° 
high  :  leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  denticulate,  rough  or  smooth  :  heads  l/-2/ 
broad. — Common  in  dry  grounds,  mostly  in  the  southern  part.     June- 
September. 

3.  S.  laciniatum  L.  COMPASS  PLANT.     Stems  terete,    3°-12°   high, 
rough- bristly  :  leaves   largely  basal,  oblong  ovate  in  outline,  pinnately 
parted  :  heads  2X-4X  broad. — Common  on  prairies,  mostly  in  the  southern 
part.     June-September. 

20.     ENGELMANNIA  T.  &  G. 

Perennial  herbs  with  alternate  leaves  and  paniculate  heads  of  flowers. 
Outer  involucral  bracts  about  ten,  linear,  loose,  the  inner  oval,  appressed. 
Rays  8-10.  Achenes  obovate.  Pappus  a  short  crown. 

1.  B.  pinnatifida  T.  &G.  l°-2°  high,  hirsute  :  leaves  oblong  in  out- 
line, pinnatifid. — Has  been  found  as  a  waif  at  Sheffield.  June. 

21.     PARTHENIUM  L. 

Perennial  herbs  with  alternate  leaves  and  corymbose  flowers.  Involu- 
cral bracts  in  2-3  series,  short,  obtuse.  Receptacle  convex.  Ray  flowers 
five,  their  ligules  short.  Achenes  compressed,  margined.  Pappus  of  2-3 
scales. 

1.  P.  integrifolium  L.  PRAIRIE  DOCK.  l°-3°  high,  from  thick  root- 
stocks,  minutely  pubescent  to  glabrous  :  leaves  oval-oblong,  crenately 
toothed,  rough  :  heads  numerous. — Very  rare  in  dry  woods  west  of  Lee's 
Summit  and  south  of  Raytown.  July-September. 

22.     HELIOPSIS  Pers. 

Perennial  herbs.  Involucral  scales  in  two  or  three  rows,  spreading. 
Pappus  none  or  a  few  teeth.  Ray  achenes  three-sided.  Disk  achenes 
four-sided. 

1.  H.  scabra  Dunal.  FALSE  SUNFLOWER.  2°-4°  high,  roughish  : 
leaves  ovate,  petioled,  sharply  serrate  :  heads  2X  broad. — Frequent  in  dry 
grounds,  especially  in  the  southern  part.  June-September. 

23.     ECLIPTA  L. 

Diffusely  spreading  herbs.  Leaves  opposite.  Involucral  scales  in  two 
series.  Achenes  of*  ray-flowers  3-sided,  those  in  the  disk  compressed. 

1.  E.  alba  (L. )  Hassk.  MUD  WEED.  Annual,  roughish  :  leaves  ob- 
long-lanceolate, sessile,  serrate  :  heads  short-peduncled,  W-W  broad. — 
Common  in  wet  places  along  streams.  July-October. 

24.     RUDBECKIA  L.     CONE-FLOWER. 

Involucral  scales  in  two  rows,  spreading.  Achenes  four-angled  or  ter- 
ete. Pappus  none,  or  a  crown-like  border,  or  of  few  small  teeth. 


200  COMPOSITAE 

Stems  hairy. 

Leaves  3  lobed  or  parted. 

Rays  8-12.  1.  R.  triloba. 

Rays  15-20.  2.  R.  subfomentosa. 

Leaves  not  3-lobed  or  parted.  3.  R.  hirta. 
Stems  smooth  or  nearly  so. 

Leaves  pinnatifid.  4.  R.  laciniata. 

Leaves  cordate-clasping  at  base.  5.  R.  amplexicaulis. 

Leaves  oval,  petioled.  6.  R.  grandiflora. 

1.  R.  triloba  L.     Much  branched,  2°-5°  high  :  heads  V  broad  :  chaff 
awn-pointed,  smooth. — Abundant  in  rich  woods.     July-September. 

2.  R  subtomentosa  Pursh.     2°-6°  high  :  upper  leaves  ovate-lanceo- 
late, serrate  :  heads  2X-3X  broad,  sweet-scented  :  chaff  blunt,  pubescent  at 
apex.  — Rather  common  on  prairies  in  the  southern  part    July-September. 

3.  R.  hirta  L.     NIGGER-HEAD.     l°-3°  high  :  leaves  oblong  or  lanceo- 
late, usually  nearly  entire  :  involucral  bracts  large,  spreading  :  heads  2'- 
3'  broad  :  chaff  acutish,  hirsute  at  apex.— Possibly  native  in  the  southern 
part,  but  commonly  adventized  in  fields.     June-September. 

4.  R.  laciniata  L.     2°-10°   high:    leaves  slightly   roughish  :    disk 
greenish  :  heads  2X-4X  broad  :  rays  6-10,  drooping  :  chaff  truncate,  downy 
at  apex. — Common  in  low  woods.     July-October. 

5.  R.  amplexicaulis   Vahl.     1°-2J°   high,    almost   glabrous :   leaves 
ovate-oblong,  slightly  toothed  :  heads  l^/-2/  broad  :  rays  few,  brownish 
at  base. — Occurs  sparingly  as  a  waif  in  waste  places  in  Kansas  City. 
June-July. 

6.  R.  grandiflora  C.  C.  Gmel.    2°-3°  high  :  leaves  nearly  entire  :  heads 
2X-3X  broad  :    rays  10-15,  soon  drooping. — Occurs  sparingly  as  a  waif 
along  railroads  east  of  Sheffield.     July. 

25.     RATIBIDA  Raf.     CONE-FLOWER. 

Perennial,  pinnately-leaved  herbs.     Rays  drooping,  4-10.     Chaff  trun- 
cate, canescent  at  apex.     Pappus  none  or  of  one  or  two  teeth. 

Disk  as  thick  as  long.  1.  R.  pinnata. 

Disk  much  longer  than  thick.  2.  R.  cohimnaris. 

1.  R.  pinnata  (Vent.)  Barnhart.     2°-6°  high,  appressed-hoary  :  leaf- 
divisions  3-7,  lanceolate  :  rays  \\f  long,  drooping. — Common  on  dry  rocky 
hills,  especially  in  the  southern  part.     June-September. 

2.  R.  columnaris  (Sims)   D.  Don.     l°-3°   high,    strigose-pubescent : 
leaf-divisions  4-9,  linear  :    rays    |x   long,  drooping. — Not  infrequently 
adventized  along  railroads,  especially  at  Sheffield  and  Westport.     June- 
September. 

26.    BRAUNERIA  Neck.     PURPLE  CONE  FLOWER. 
Involucral   bracts  imbricated.     Receptacle    conical.     Rays  drooping. 
Chaff  spiny-tipped,  longer  than  the  disk-flowers.     Ray  flowers  neutral. 
Disk-flowers  perfect.     Achenes  quadrangular.     Pappus  a  short  crown. 


COMPOSITAE  201 

Leaves  ovate,  dentate.  1.  B.purpurea. 

Leaves  lanceolate,  entire.  2.  B.  pallida. 

1.  B.  purpurea  (L.)  Britton.     2°-5°  high,  somewhat  rough  :  leaves  5- 
nerved,  rounded  at  base,  rough  :  rays  rich  crimson,  IS^-SO"  long. — In 
dry  woods  near  Grain  Valley.     Rare  and  local.     June-September. 

2.  B.  pallida  (Nutt.)  Britton.     2°-3°  high,  rough-hispid:  leaves  3- 
nerved,  attenuate  at  base,  rough  :  rays  pale  crimson,  15//-24//  long. — On 
dry  prairies  throughout  the  southern  part.     Often  abundant.     May-July. 

27.     HELIANTHUS  L.     SUN-FLOWER. 

Stout  herbs  with  long-peduncled  heads  of  yellow  flowers.  Involucral 
bracts  in  several  rows.  Ray  flowers  neutral.  Disk  flowers  fertile.  Pap- 
pus of  two  deciduous  awns. 

Leaves  long-linear  or  filiform.  1.  H.  orgyalis. 

Leaves  prevailingly  lanceolate. 

Stems  hispid.  2.  H.  Maximiliani. 

Stems  glabrous.  3.   H.  grosse-serratus. 

Leaves  prevailingly  ovate  to  ovate-lanceolate. 
Leaves  mostly  opposite. 

Leaves  cordate-clasping  at  base.  4.  H.  mollis. 

Leaves  petioled. 

Leaves  tapering  at  base.  5.  H.  scaberrimus. 

Leaves  rounded  at  base.  6.  H.  hirsutus. 

Leaves  mostly  alternate. 
Annuals. 

Involucral  bracts  lanceolate.  7.  H.  petiolaris. 

Involucral  bracts  ovate.  8.  H.  annuus. 

Perennial.  9.  H.  tuberosus. 

1.  H.  orgyalis  DC.     2°-10°  high,  glabrous  and  glaucous,  very  leafy  : 
heads  numerous,  !£'  broad  :  involucral  scales  loose  and  spreading. — Very 
abundant  loc.illy  on  high  prairies  and  open  hillsides  from  Dodson  (rare) 
to  Hickman's  Mills  and  south  west  ward.     August-September. 

2.  H.  Maximiliani  Schrad.     3°-12°  high  :  leaves  nearly  entire,  almost 
sessile  :  involucral  scales  loose,  strigose-pubescent. — Frequently  adven- 
tized along  railroads,  especially  at  Kansas  City.     July-September. 

3.  H.  grosse-serratus  Martens.     2°-15°  high  :  leaves  slender-petioled, 
serrate,  rough  above,  more  or  less  canescent  beneath  :  involucral  scales 
loose,  ciliate. — Common,  especially  along  prairie  rills  in  the  southern  part. 
July-October. 

4.  H.  mollis  Lam.     2°-5°  high,  densely  hispid  :  leaves  serrulate,  sca- 
brous above,  finely  pubescent  beneath  :  involucral  scales  loose,  soft-pubes- 
cent.— Occurs  locally  in  barrens  near  Lee's  Summit  and  Dodson  ;  also 
occasionally  adventized  in  waste  places.     July-October. 

5.  H  scaberrimus  Ell.     l°-4°  high,  scabrous  :  leaves  petioled,  serrate, 
thick,  rough  on  both  sides  :  iuvolucral  scales  appressed. — Common  on  dry 
prairies  in  the  southern  part  ;  also  occasionally  adventized  along  railroads. 
August-September. 


202  COMPOSITAE 

6.  H.  htrsutus  Raf.     l°-6°  high,  bristly-hirsute  to  nearly  glabrous  : 
leaves  very  variable  in  size,  entire  or  serrate,  very  rough  above,  rough- 
pubescent  beneath  :  involucral  scales  loose,  ciliate. — Dry  woods  through- 
out.    Very  abundant  in  the  southern  part.     July-September. 

7.  H.   petiolaris   Nutt.     l°-6°   high,    strigose-hispid :    leaves   ovate- 
lanceolate,   entire  or  denticulate,  rough  :    involucral   scales   lanceolate, 
canescent. — Frequently  introduced  along  railroads  and  in  waste  places. 
Apparently  native  along  the  Missouri  River.     July-October. 

8.  H.  animus  L.     2°-15°  high,  scabrous  :  leaves  broadly  ovate,  serrate, 
rough  :  heads  3/-12/  broad  :  involucral  scales  ciliate. — In  waste  places, 
especially  abundant  around  Kansas  City.     July-October. 

9.  H.  tubercsus  L.     4°-12°  high,  hirsute  :  leaves  ovate-oblong,  ser- 
rate, petioled,  rough  above,  pubescent  beneath. — In  low  grounds  through 
out,  running  into  but  much  less  common  than 

Var.   subcanescens   A.   Gray.      Leaves   white-canescent    beneath. — 
Abundant  in  low  grounds.     July-October. 

28.     VERBBSINA  L.     CROWN  BEARD. 

Involucral  bracts  imbricated  in  a  few  series.     Ray  flowers  pistillate  or 
neutral.     Disk  flowers  perfect.     Leaves  decurrent. 

Stems  l°-2°  high,  whitish-can escent.  1.  V.  encelioides. 
Stems  3°-8°  high,  not  whitish-canescent. 

Leaves  densely  hairy  beneath.  2.  V.  helianthoides. 

Leaves  slightly  appressed-pubescent  beneath.  3.  V.  alternifolia. 

1.  V.  encelioides  (Cav.)  A.  Gray.     Annual  :  leaves  ovate-lanceolate 
petioled  :  heads  V  broad  :  involucral  scales  canescent,  erect. — Found  as 
a  waif  along  roads  northeast  of  Independence  and  at  Courtney.  May-June. 

2.  V.  helianthoides  Michx.     Perennial  :  leaves  ovate,  sessile,  serrate  : 
stem   strongly   winged  :    heads  2/-3/   broad :    involucral  scales  rough, 
erect. — Occurs  locally  in  dry  woods  near   Tarnsey,    Lee's  Summit  and 
Westport.     June-September. 

3.  V.  alternifolia  (L.)  Britton.     Perennial :  leaves  lanceolate,  short- 
petioled,  serrate:  stem  winged,:    heads  12//-20//  broad:  disk   globose: 
involucral  scales  much  shorter  than  the  flowers,  soon  deflexed. — Common 

in  rich  woods. 

29.     COREOPSIS  L.     TICKSEED. 

Involucral  bracts  in  two  series,  the  outer  spreading,  the  inner  broader 
and  appressed.     Ray  flowers  neutral.     Disk  flowers  perfect. 

Rays  entire.  1.   C.  tripteris. 
Rays  3-5-toothed. 

Leaves  3-lobed.  2.  C.  palmata. 
Leaves  pinnately  parted. 

Rays  pure  yellow.  3.   C.  grandiflora. 

Rays  brownish  at  base.  4.   C.  tinctoria. 

1.  C.  tripteris  L.     Glabrous  perennial,  4°-8°  high  :  leaves  petioled, 
pinnately  divided  into  3-5  lanceolate  entire  leaflets  :  pappus  none. — Not 


COMPOSITAE  203 

uncommon  on  dry  hills,  especially  in  the  southwestern  part.     July-Sep- 
tember. 

2.  C.  palmata  Nutt.     Glabrous   perennial,    l°-3°   high  :    leaves    3- 
lobed  to  below  the  middle,  wedge-shaped  at  base,  sessile  :  pappus  none 
or  of  two  small  teeth. — Frequent  on  prairies  aud  in  dry  woods  throughout 
the  southern  part.     May-July. 

3.  C.  grandiflora  Hogg.     Glabrous  perennial,  l°-3°  high  :  leaf  divi- 
sions oblong  or  linear,  entire  :  pappus  of  two  small  teeth  :  achene  with 
two  prominent  calluses  on  the  inner  side. — Adventized  around  Sheffield 
and  near  Courtney,  Atherton  and  Glendale.     May-July. 

4.  C.  tinctoria  Nutt.     Glabrous  annual,  l°-3°   high  :   leaf  divisions 
linear,  entire  :  pappus  of  a  small  border  or  none! — Locally  adventized  at 
Sheffield,  Independence  and  Courtney.     June-August. 

30.     BIDENS  L. 

Involucral  bracts  in  two  series,  the  outer  usually  large  and  foliaceous, 
the  inner  erect.  Ray  flowers  neutral.  Disk  flowers  perfect.  Our  species 
are  annuals. 

Rays  large  and  conspicuous. 

Leaves  pinnately  divided.  1 .  B.  involucrata. 

Leaves  lanceolate,  serrate.  2.  B.  lernua. 

Rays  very  small  or  none. 

Leaves  not  pinnately  divided. 

Stems  pui  pie.  3.  B.  connata. 

Stems  straw-colored.  4.  B.  acuta. 

Leaves  pinnately  divided. 
Achenes  oval  or  obovate. 

Outer  involucral  bracts  12-14.  5.   B.  vulgata. 

Outer  involucral  bracts  8-1 1.  6.  B.  frondosn. 

Achenes  long-linear.  7.  B.  bipinnata. 

1.  B.  involucrata  (Nutt.)  Britton.     TICKSEED  SUNFLOWER.     l°-3° 
high,  somewhat  pubescent :  leaf-divisions  linear-lanceolate,  seirate  :  outer 
involucral  scales  exceeding  the  inner  :  achene  with  two  short  (I"  long) 
teeth. — Very  abundant  and  conspicuous  in  low  grounds.     July-October. 

2.  B.  cernua  L.     BUR-MARIGOLD.      6/-30/    high,    nearly    glabrous: 
leaves  somewhat  connate-perfoliate :  heads  soon  nodding:  achenes  with 
usually  four  downwardly  barbed  awns. — Common  along  the   Missouri 
River.     June-November. 

3.  B.  connata  Muhl.     BEGGAR'S  TICKS.    6X-60  high,  glabrous  :  leaves 
oblong- lanceolate,  serrate,  more  or  less  petioled  :  petioles  slightly  united 
at  base  :  flowers  orange  :  outer  involucral  bracts  somewhat  exceeding  the 
inner  :  achenes  bearing  2-4  downwardly  barbed  awns. — Rather  common 
in  moist  places.     June-November. 

4.  B.  acuta  (Wiegand)   Britton.     BEGGAR'S-TICKS.     Resembles    the 
last :  flowers  greenish-yellow  :  outer  involucral  bracts  leaf-like,  2-4  times 
the  length  of  the  inner.— Common  in  moist  places.      June-November. 
B.  comosa  (Gray)  Wiegand,  probably  also  occurs. 


204  COMPOSITAE 

5.  B.  vulgata  Greene.     BEGGAR'S-TICKS.     l°-5°  high,  more  or  less 
pubescent :   leaves  usually  3-foliolate :    leaflets  thin,  oblong  lanceolate, 
serrate,  not  stalked  :  heads  long  peduncled :  achenes  thin,  oval-oblong, 
yellowish  brown,  2-awned . — Common  in  woods,  waste  places,  etc.    July- 
November. 

Var.  puberula  (Wiegand)  Greene.  Leaves  densely  pubescent. — Fre- 
quent, especially  in  wet  places. 

6.  B.  frondosa  L.     Resembles  the  last,  but  leaflets  strongly  stalked  : 
heads  corymbose  :  achenes  oblong,  thick,  black,  2-awned. — Common  in 
low  grounds.     July-November. 

7.  B.  bipinnata  L.     SPANISH  NEEDLES.     l°-3°  high,  smoothish  :  leaf- 
segments  toothed,   numerous :    achenes    quadrangular,   4-awned,  much 
exceeding  the  involucre. — Common  in  moist  grounds.     June-October. 

31.     THELESPERMA  Less. 

Leaves  dissected.  Heads  long-peduncled.  Outer  involucral  scales 
small,  spreading.  Achenes  oblong-linear,  terete,  wingless. 

1.  T.  gracile  (Torr. )  Gray.  Perennial,  l°-3°  high,  glabrous  :  achenes 
bearing  two  retrorsely-hispid  short  awns. — Found  as  a  waif  near 
Kansas  City  and  Atherton. — June- August. 

32.     GALINSOGA  R.  &  P. 

Leaves  opposite.  Flowers  axillary,  peduncled.  Involucre  imbricated 
in  two  series.  Achenes  angled. 

1.  G.  parviflora  Cav.  Spreading  appressed- pubescent  annual  :  leaves 
ovate,  more  or  less  petioled,  serrate  :  heads  2//-3//  broad. — Locally 
adventized  in  waste  places  in  Independence.  July-October. 

33.     FLAVERIA  Juss. 

Leaves  opposite,  sessile.  Heads  cymose-capitate,  few-flowered.  Invo- 
lucre of  2-5  small  bracts.  Ray  usually  one,  fertile.  Achenes  linear- 
oblong,  ribbed. 

1.  F.  angustilolia  (Cav.)  Pers.  Glabrous  annual,  l°-3°  high  :  leaves 
lanceolate,  serrate. — Has  been  found  as  a  waif  near  Courtney,  and  also 
near  Argentine,  Kansas.  August-October. 

34.     HELENIUM  L.     SNEEZEWEED. 

Leaves  alternate.  Heads  corymbose.  Involucral  bracts  small,  in  about 
one  series.  Disk  globular.  Rays  several,  3-5-lobed,  fertile. 

Leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  serrate.  1.  H.  autumnale. 

Leaves  long-linear,  entire.  2.  H.  tenuifolium. 

1.  H.  autumnale  L.  Perennial,  puberulent,  l°-4°  high  :  heads  about 
1£7  broad.  -Locally  common  in  moist  ground,  Lake  City,  Dodson,  Court- 
ney, Atherton.  August-September. 


COMPOSITAE  205 

2.  H.  tenuifolium  Nutt.  Annual,  nearly  glabrous,  l°-2°  high  :  heads 
about  1'  broad. — Occasionally  occurs  as  a  waif  along  railroads,  Sheffield, 
Leeds,  Adams.  August-October. 

35.     GAILLARDIA  Foug. 

Leaves  alternate.  Heads  long-peduncled.  Involucral  bracts  imbricated 
in  several  series.  Rays  neutral,  3-toothed.  Receptacle  fimbrillate. 

1.  G.  pulchella  Foug.  Annual,  KK-157  high  :  leaves  oblong-lanceo- 
late, coarsely  dentate,  sessile  :  rays  brownish  at  base,  yellow  above. — 
Found  as  a  waif  near  Atherton.  May-September. 

36.     BOEBERA  Willd. 

Leaves  pinnately  divided,  opposite.  Heads  small,  peduncled.  Prin- 
cipal involucral  bracts  in  a  single  series,  united  at  base.  Rays  pistillate, 
short. 

1.  D.  papposa  (Vent.)  Rydb.  FETID  MARIGOLD.  Much  branched 
annual,  3X-24X  high. — Common  in  dry  grounds  and  waste  places.  June- 
October. 

37.  ACHILLEA  L. 

Perennial  herbs  with  alternate,  very  finely  dissected  leaves.  Heads 
corymbose,  numerous.  Involucral  scales  imbricated  in  several  series. 
Ray  flowers  fertile.  Pappus  none. 

1.  A.  Millefolium  L.  MILFOIL.  YARROW.  l°-4°  high,  somewhat 
tomentose  :  rays  4-5,  about  l/x  long. — Common  in  dry  grounds.  May- 
September. 

38.  ANTHEMIS  L. 

Leaves  alternate.  Heads  long-peduncled.  Involucral  scales  imbricated 
in  several  series. 

Plants  strongly  ill-scented.  1.  A.  Cotula. 

Plants  not  ill-scented.  2.  A.  arvensis. 

1.  A.  Cotula  L.     DOG-FENNEL.     Branching  annual,  l°-2°  high,  ap- 
pressed-pubescent :   rays  neutral  :    pappus  none. — A  common  weed  in 
waste  places.     May-September. 

2.  A.  arvensis  L.     FIELD  CAMOMILE.     Resembles  the  last  but  pubes- 
cent :  rays  pistillate  :  pappus  a  minute  border. — Has  been  found  as  a  waif 
near  Sheffield  and  Courtney.     May-August. 

39.     CHRYSANTHEMUM  L. 

Leaves  alternate.  Heads  long-peduncled.  Involucral  scales  imbricated 
in  several  series.  Ray  flowers  fertile.  Pappus  none. 

1.  C.  Leucanthemum  L.  OX-EYE  DAISY.  Glabrate  perennial,  1°- 
3°  high  :  stems  leaves  oblong,  cut-serrate,  more  or  less  clasping  :  heads 
l/-2/  broad  :  rays  20-30. — Locally  adventized  in  waste  places  and  fields 
near  Sheffield,  Waldo  Park,  Lee's  Summit,  Sibley,  Glendale  and  Court- 
ney. 


206  COMPOSITAE 

40.     TANACBTUM  L. 

Perennials  with  alternate  pinnatifid  leaves  and  corymbose  heads.  In- 
volucre imbricated.  Marginal  flowers  fertile.  Pappus  a  short  crown. 

1.  T.  vulgare  L.  TANSY.  Smoothish,  l°-4°  high  :  heads  about  4" 
broad  :  marginal  flowers  with  short  3-toothed  limbs. — Occasionally  escap- 
ing from  gardens  to  roadsides.  August-September. 

41.     ARTEMISIA  L.     WORMWOOD. 

Alternate-leaved  herbs  with  small  paniculate  heads  of  flowers.  Invo- 
lucre imbricated.  Pappus  none. 

Leaves  glabrous  or  nearly  so  on  both  sides. 

Upper  leaves  linear,  entire.  1.  A.  dracunculoides. 

Upper-  leaves  pinnately  parted. 

Plant  strongly  sweet  scented.  2.  A.  annua. 

Plant  not  sweet-scented.  3.  A.  liennis. 

Leaves  strongly  tomentose  on  both  sides. 

Leaves  pinnatifid.  4.   A.  Carruthii. 

Leaves  entire.  5.  A.  gnaphalodes. 

Leaves  glabrate  above  ;  tomentose  beneath. 

Stem  strongly  tomentose.  6.  A.  Ludoviciana. 

Stem  glabrate.  7.  A.  Mexicana. 

1.  A.   dracunculoides   Pursh.     Perennial,    l£°-4°   high,    glabrous : 
lower  leaves  somewhat  pinnatifid  :  disk  flowers  sterile. — Occurs  locally 
in  barrens  east  of  Dodson  and  west  and  north  of  Lee's  Summit.     August- 
October. 

2.  A.  annua  L.     Annual,  l°-5°  high,  glabrous:  leaves  2-pinnatifid  : 
heads  paniculate  :  flowers  all   fertile. — Sparingly  adventized  at  Kansas 
City  and  Independence.     August-November. 

3.  A.  biennis   Willd.     Annual   or  biennial,    l°-3°   high,    glabrous : 
leaves  once  pinnatifid,  the  divisions  serrate  :  heads  almost  spicate  :  flow- 
ers all  fertile. — Shore  of  the  Missouri  River  ;  rather  infrequent.    August- 
November. 

4.  A.  Carruthii  Wood.     IZ'-W  high,  much  branched,  short  white- 
canescent  :  lower  leaves  pinnatifid  into  5-7  narrowly  linear  segments  : 
upper  leaves  linear,  entire  :   flowers  all  fertile. — Occurs  rarely  as  a  waif 
at  Sheffield.     September-October.     (A.  Kansana  Britton.) 

5.  A.  gnaphalodes  Nutt.     Perennial,  l°-3°  high  :  stems  tomentose : 
upper  leaves  lanceolate  or  linear-lanceolate,  entire  :  lower  leaves  more  or 
less  incised  but  not  pinnatifid  :    flowers  all   fertile :   involucre  hardly 
tomentose-canescent :  heads  usually  not  nodding,  \\"  long. — Sandy  bot- 
toms along  the  Missouri  River  near  Courtney  and  Sibley.     Not  common. 
July-October. 

6.  A.  Ludoviciana  Nutt.     Stems  15/-30/  high,  stout,  densely  white- 
tomentose  :  leaves  as  in  A.  Mexicana  Willd.:  heads  often  nodding,  2X/ 
long  :  involucre  densely  white  tomentose-canescent. — Dry  barrens  and 
prairies  throughout  the  southern  part.     September-October. 


COMPOSITAE  207 

7.  A.  Mexicans  Willd.  Resembles  the  last  :  stem  taller  and  more 
slender,  nearly  glabrous  :  upper  leaves  linear,  entire,  the  lower  pinnatifid 
with  linear- oblong  segments  :  involucre  nearly  glabrous  :  heads  usually 
not  nodding,  \\"  long  — On  barrens  and  prairies  throughout  the  southern 
part.  July-October.  Possibly  a  form  of  the  last. 

42.     ERECHTITES  Raf. 

Alternate-leaved,  vile-smelling  herbs.  Heads  corymbose.  Marginal 
flowers  pistillate.  Pappus  of  copious  fine  soft  hairs. 

1.  E.  hieracifolia  (L. )  Raf.  FIREWEED.  Annual,  usually  somewhat 
hairy,  l°-6°  high  :  leaves  lanceolate,  clasping,  sessile  or  short-petioled, 
sinuate-dentate:  heads  3X/  wide. — Rather  common  in  woods.  August- 
October. 

43.    MESADENIA  Raf.     INDIAN  PLANTAIN. 

Leaves  alternate,  petioled.  Flowers  corymbose.  Heads  bracted,  5- 
augled.  Marginal  flowers  perfect  Receptacle  flat  with  a  pointed  pro- 
jection in  the  center.  Pappus  of  numerous  soft  bristles. 

Leaves  triangular-reniform.  \.  M.  atriplicifolia. 

Leaves  ovate-lanceolate.  2.  M.  tuberosa. 

1.  M.  atriplicifolia  (L.)  Raf.     Stems  3°-6°  high,  terete:  leaves  thin, 
angulately  lobed,  glaucous  beneath,  palmately  veined. — Rather  common 
in  open  woods. — July-September. 

2.  M.  tuberosa  (Nutt.)  Britton.     Stems  2°-5°  high,  angled  :  leaves 
thick,    entire,    strongly    parallel-nerved,    chiefly    basal. — Frequent    on 
prairies,  save  in  the  northwestern  part.     June-July 

44.  SENECIO  L. 

Alternate-leaved  herbs  with  corymbose  heads  of  flowers.  Receptacle 
flat.  Rays  fertile. 

Basal  leaves  lyrate  pinnatifid.  1.  S.  lobatus. 
Basal  leaves  merely  crenate. 

Basal  leaves  cordate  at  base.  2.  S.  aureus. 

Basal  leaves  tapering  at  base.  3.  S.  Bahamitae. 

1.  S.  lobatus  Pers.     BUTTERWEED.     Annual,  ]°-3°  high,  glabrous: 
leaves  all  pinnatifid  :  rays  6-12  :  achenes  hispidulous. — Locally  common 
in  low  woods  along  the  Missouri  River.     May-June. 

2.  S.  aureus  L.     SQUAW  WEED.      Perennial,   1°-1£°  high,   nearly 
glabrous  :  basal  leaves  ovate-cordate  :  stem  leaves  pinnatifid  :  rays  8-12  : 
achenes  glabrous. — Low  grounds  along  the  Blue  and  Little  Blue  Rivers, 
but  uncommon.     May-June. 

3.  S.  Balsamitae  Muhl.     SQUAW  WEED.      Resembles  the  last,  but 
woolly  at  base  :  lower  leaves  oblong-oval  :  achenes  hispidulous. —Prairies 
near  Lee's  Summit.     Uncommon.     April-May. 

45.  ARCTIUM  L. 

Biennial,  alternate-leaved,  herbs.  Heads  corymbose-paniculate.  Invo- 
lucre globular,  its  scales  tipped  with  hooked  bristles.  Pappus  of  short 
rough  bristles.  Flowers  red  or  white. 


208  COMPOSITAE 

1.  A.  minus  Schk.  BURDOCK.  2°-6°  high  :  leaves  large,  ovate  cor- 
date, more  or  less  dentate  and  tomentose  beneath  :  heads  6//-8//  broad. — 
Common  in  waste  places.  July-October. 

46.     CARDUUS  L. 

Prickly  herbs  with  alternate  leaves  and  large  terminal  heads  of  purple 
flowers.  Involucral  scales  much  imbricated,  sharp-pointed.  Pappus 
plumose. 

Heads  less  than  V  broad.  1.  C.  arvensis. 
Heads  more  than  V  broad. 

Stems  strongly  wing-margined.  2.  C.  lanceolatus. 
Stems  not  wing-margined. 

Leaves  not  white-torn  en  tose  above.  3.  C.  altissimm. 

Leaves  white-tomentose  on  both  sides.  4.  C.  undulatus. 

1.  C.  arvensis  (L.)  Robs.     CANADA  THISTLE.     Perennial  by  slender 
rootstocks,  l°-3°  high  :  leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  sinuate-pinnatifid,  nearly 
glabrous  :  heads  dioecious  :   outer  involucral  scales  appressed-tipped. — 
Adventized  in  waste  places  near  Brooklyn  and  27th,  Lydia  and  Inde- 
pendence, and   on  South    Troost,  Kansas  City,  and  at  Sheffield.     June- 
July. 

2.  C.  lanceolatus  L.     COMMON  THISTLE.     Biennial,    3°-5°   high : 
leaves  sinuate-pinnatifid,  woolly  beneath  :  involucral  scales  tipped  with 
spreading  sharp  bristles — Commonly  naturalized  in  fields.     July-Sep- 
tember. 

3.  C.  altissimus  L.     TALL  THISTLE.     Biennial,  3°-10°  tall :  leaves 
ovate- lanceolate,  spinulosely  dentate  or  rarely  pinnatifid  :  outer  involu- 
cral scales  sharp-tipped. — Abundant  in  thickets  throughout.     July-Oc- 
tober. 

4.  C.  undulatus  Nutt.    Low  THISTLE.    Biennial,  l°-4°  high,  woolly  : 
leaves  oblong  lanceolate,  somewhat  pinnatifid  :   outer  involucral  scales 
sharp-pointed  :  heads  large. — Adventized  at  Sheffield,  Independence  and 
Glendale.     July-September. 

47.     CENTAUREA  L. 

Marginal  flowers  with  enlarged  corolla,  neutral.  Pappus  of  several 
bristles. 

Plant  floccose-pubescent  above.  1.   C.  Cyanus. 

Plant  glabrate.  2.  C.  Americana. 

1.  C.  Cyanus  L.     BLUE  BOTTLE.     Annual,  l°-2°  high  :  leaves  linear- 
lanceolate,  entire  :  flowers  bluish-purple,  lx  broad. — Adventized  around 
Sibley  and  Independence.     June-August. 

2.  C.  Americana  Nutt.     STAR  THISTLE.     Annual,  l°-3°  high  :  leaves 
oblong-lanceolate,  nearly  entire  :   flowers  pink-purple.    I'-SJ'   broad. — 
Found  as  a  waif  between  Dodson  and  Red  Bridge.     July-August. 


14 


SUMMARY. 


Name  of  Family. 

1.  Ophioglossaceae 

2.  Osmundaceae 

3.  Polypodiaceae 

4.  Salviniaceae 

5.  Equisetaceae 

6.  Isoetaceae 

7.  Pinaceae 

8.  Typhaceae 

9.  Sparganiaceae 

10.  Naiadaceae 

11.  Alismaceae 

12.  Vallisneriaceae 

13.  Granrineae 

14.  Cyperaceae 

15.  Araceae 

16.  Lemnaceae 

17.  Commelinaceae 

18.  Pontederiaceae 

19.  Juncaceae 

20.  Melanthaceae 

21.  Liliaceae 

22.  Convallariaceae 

23.  Smilaceae 

24.  Amaryllidaceae 

25.  Dioscoreaceae 

26.  Iridaceae 

27.  Orchidaceae 

28.  Juglandaceae 

29.  Salicaceae 

30.  Betulaceae 

31.  Fagaceae 

32.  Ulmaceae 

33.  Moraceae 

34.  Urticaceae 

35.  Santalaceae 

36.  Aristolochiaceae 

37.  Polygonaceae 

38.  Chenopodiaceae 


Number  of 
Genera. 

Number  of 
Species, 

Number  of 
Varieties. 

2 

3 

1 

1 

11 

13 

1 

1 

1 

1 

4 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

2 

4 

4 

6 

1 

1 

1 

55 

138 

6 

11 

86 

10 

2 

3 

3 

6 

1 

2 

4 

2 

4 

1 

9 

1 

1 

8 

11 

4 

5 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

6 

6 

9 

2 

7 

2 

9 

1 

2 

3 

1 

11 

2 

5 

1 

4 

4 

5 

5 

1 

1 

2 

2 

3 

27 

3 

7 

17 

3 

210 

SUMMARY 


211 


Name  of  Family. 

39.  Arnaranthaceae 

40.  Phytolaccaceae 

41.  Nyctaginiaceae 

42.  Aizoaceae 

43.  Portulacaceae 

44.  Caryophyllaceae 

45.  Nymphaeaceae 

46.  Ceratophyllaceae 

47.  Anonaceae 

48.  Ranunculaceae 

49.  Berberidaceae 

50.  Menispermaceae 

51.  Papaveraceae 

52.  Cruciferae 

53.  Capparidaceae 

54.  Crassulaceae 

55.  Saxifragaceae 

56.  Grossulariaceae 

57.  Platanaceae 

58.  Rosaceae 

59.  Pomaceae 

60.  Drupaceae 

61.  Mimosaceae 

62.  Caesalpiniaceae 

63.  Papilionaceae 

64.  Geraniaceae 

65.  Oxalidaceae 

66.  Linaceae 

67.  Zygophyllaceae 

68.  Rutaceae 

69.  Simarubaceae 

70.  PolygaJaceae 

71.  Eupborbiaceae 

72.  Callitrichaceae 

73.  Anacardiaceae 

74.  Celastraceae 

75.  Staphyleaceae 

76.  Aceraceae 

77.  Hippocastanaceae 

78.  Balsam!  naceae 

79.  Rbamnaceae 

80.  Vitaceae 
81    Tiliaceae 
82.  Malvaceae 


Number  of 
Genera. 

Number  of 
Species. 

Number  of 
Varieties. 

3 

8 

2 

1 

1 

1 

4 

1 

1 

1 

3 

5 

11 

16 

1 

1 

1 

* 

1 

1 

1 

12 

26 

2 

2 

1 

1 

4 

8 

17 

38 

2 

2 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

9 

24 

3 

7 

2 

5 

2 

2 

4 

7 

19 

54 

5 

1 

2 

1 

4 

1 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

5 

19 

1 

2 

1 

5 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

4 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

3 

3 

6 

1 

1 

6 

10 

212  SUMMAEY 

Number  of  Number  of             Number  of 

Name  of  Family.  Genera.                    Species.                 Varieties. 

83.  Hypericaceae  1                            5 

84.  Elatinaceae  2 

85.  Cistaceae  2 

86.  Violaceae  2                            9 

87.  Loasaceae  1 

88.  Cactaceae  1                            1 

89.  Ljthraceae  5 

90.  Onagraceae  8                          16 

91.  Haloragidaceae  1 

92.  Araliaceae  1 

93.  Umbelliferae  17 

94.  Cornaceae  1 

95.  Monotropaceae  1 

96.  Primulaceae  7 

97.  Ebenaceae  1 

98.  Oleaceae  1 

99.  Gentianaceae  3                            5 

100.  Apocynaceae  1 

101.  Asclepiadaceae  4                          12 

102.  Convolvulaceae  3                            8                            1 

103.  Cuscutaceae  1                            6 

104.  Polemoniaceae  2 

105.  Hydrophyllaceae  2                            3 

106.  Boraginaceae  8                          14 

107.  Verbenaceae  2 

108.  Labiatae  20                          39 

109.  Solanaceae  6                          19 

110.  Scrophulariaceae  17                          30 

111.  Lentibulariaceae  1 

112.  Orobanchaceae  1 

113.  Bignoniaceae  2 

114.  Martyniaceae  1 

115.  Acanthaceae  2                            3 

116.  Phrymaceae  1 

117.  Plantaginaceae  1                            7 

118.  Rubiaceae  4 

119.  Caprifoliaceae  5                            6 

120.  Valerianaceae  1                            2 

121.  Cucurbitaceae  3 

122.  Campanulaceae  3                            7 

123.  Cichoriaceae  9                          17 

124.  Ambrosiaceae  3                            9 

125.  Compositae  47                        132 

500  1,141  51 


ABBREVIATIONS  OF  THE  NAMES 
OF  AUTHORS. 


A.  Br.     Braun,  A. 

A  dans.     Adanson,  M. 

Ait.     Alton,  Wm. 

Ait.  f.     Aiton,  W.  T. 

All.     Allioni,  C. 

Anders.     Andersson,  N.  J. 

Andr.     Andrews,  H.  C. 

Andrz.     Andrzejowski,  A.  L. 

Ard.     Arduino,  L. 

Arnt.     Arnott,  G.  A.  W. 

Aubl.     Aublet,  J.  B.  C.  F. 

Beauv.     Palisot  de  Beauvois,  A.  M. 

F.  J. 

Benth.     Bentham,  G. 
Bernh.     Bernhardi,  J.  J. 
Bess.     Besser,  U.  S.  J.  S.  von. 
Bigel.     Bigelow,  J. 
Bisch.     Bischoff,  G.  W. 
Boehm.     Boehmer,  G.  R. 
Borck.     Borckhausen,  M.  B. 
Brit.     Britton,  N.  L. 
B.S.P.     Britton,  N.  L.;  Stearns,  E. 

A. ;  Poggenburg,  J. 
Cass.     Cassini,  H. 
Cav.     Cavanilles,  A.  J. 
Clayt.     Clayton,  Jobn. 
Coult.     Coulter,  J.  M. 
C.  &  R.    Coulter,  J.  M.,  and  Rose, 

J.  N. 

Darl.     Darlington,  W. 
Davenp.     Davenport,  G.  E. 
DC.     DeCandolle,  A.  P. 
A. DC.     DeCandolle,  A. 
Dec.     Decaisne,  J. 
Desf.     Desfontaine,  R.  L. 
Desv.     Desvaux,  N.  A. 
Dietr.     Dietrich,  D.  N.  F. 
Dougl.     Douglas,  D. 
Dufr.     Dufresne,  P. 
Dumortier,  B.  C. 
Eat.     Eaton,  A. 
Ehrh.     Ehrhart,  F. 
Ell.     Elliott,  S. 
Engelm.     Engelmann,  G. 
Fabr.     Fabricius,  P.  K. 
Foug.     Fougeroux,  A.  D. 
Forsk.     Forskal,  P. 
Forst.     Forster,  J.  R. 
Fresen.     Fresenius,  J.  B.  G.  W. 
Gaertn.     Gaertner,  J. 


Gmel.    Gmelin,  S.  G. 

Gmel.,  J.  F.     Gmelin,  J.  F. 

Griseb.     Grisebach,  H.  R.  A. 

Gronov.     Gronovius,  J.  F. 

Hack.     Hackel,  E. 

Hall.     Haller,  Albert  von. 

Hamilt.     Hamilton,  W. 

Haesk.     Hasskarl,  J.  C. 

H.B.K.  Humboldt,  F.  A.  von; 
Bonpland,  A.,  and  Kuntb,  C.  S. 

Hitch.     Hitchcock,  A.  S. 

Hoffmg.     Hoffmansegg,  J.  C. 

Hook.     Hooker,  W.  J. 

H.  &  A.  Hooker,  W.  J.,  and  Ar- 
nott, G.  A.  W. 

Hook.  f.     Hooker,  J.  D. 

Jacq.     Jacquin,  N.  J. 

Juss.     Jussieu,  A.  L. 

A.  Juss.     Jussieu,  A.  de. 

Karst.     Karsten,  H. 

Kl.     Klotsch,  J.  F. 

L.     Linnaeus,  C.,  or  C.  von  Linne. 

L'Her.  L'Heritier  de  Brutelle,  C. 
L. 

Lag.     Lagasca,  M. 

Lam.     Lamarck,  J.  B.  A.  P.  M. 

Lehm.     Lehmann,  J.  G.  C. 

Less.     Lessing,  C.  F. 

Lindl.     Lindley,  John. 

Loefl.     Loefling,  P. 

MacM.     MacMillan,  C. 

Marsh.     Marshall,  H. 

Mart.     Martens,  M. 

Mart.  &  Gal.  Martens,  M.,  and 
Galeotti,  H. 

Medic.     Medicus,  F.  C. 

Meisn.     Meisner,  C.  F. 

Michx.     Michaux,  A. 

Michx.  f.     Michaux,  F.  A. 

Mill.    Miller,  P. 

Millsp.     Millspaugh,  C.  F. 

Moq.     Moquin-Tandon  A. 

Muell.  Arg.  Muller,  J.,  of  Aar- 
gau. 

Muench.     Muenchhausen,  O.  von. 

Muhl.     Muhleuberg,  H.  L. 

Neck.     Necker,  N.  J.  de. 

Nees.     Nees  von  Esenbeck. 

Nutt.     Nuttall,  T. 

P.  Br.     Browne,  P. 


21, 


214       ABBREVIATIONS  OF  THE  NAMES  OF  AUTHOKS 


Pers.     Persoon,  C.  H. 

Planch.     Planchon,  J.  E. 

Poir.     Poiret,  J.  L.  M. 

Poll.     Pollich,  J.  A. 

R.  Br.     Brown,  R. 

Raf.     Rafinesque-Schmaltz,  C.  S. 

Reichenb.     Reichenbach,  H.  G.  L. 

Richards.     Richardson,  J. 

R.  &  S.   Roemer,  J.  J.,  and  Sohultes, 

J.  A. 

Rottb.     Rottboell,  C.  F. 
R.  &  P.   Ruiz,  L.  H.,  andPavon,  J. 
Rydb.     Rydberg,  P.  A. 
Sarg.     Sargeant,  C.  S. 
Schk.     Schkuhr,  C. 
Schleich.     Schleicher,  J.  C. 
Schleid.     Schleiden,  M.  J. 
Schrad.    Schrader,  H.  A. 
Schreb.     Schreber,  J.  C.  D.  von 
Schult.     Schultes,  J.  A. 
Schwein.     Schweinitz,  L.  D.  von. 
Scop.    -Scopoli,  J.  A. 
Scribn.     Scribner,  F.  L. 
S.  &  B.     Scribner  and  Ball. 
S.  &  S.    Scribner  and  Smith. 


Seub.     Seubert,  M. 

Shuttlw.     Shuttleworth,  R. 

Soland.     Solander,  D. 

Spreng.     Sprengel,  K. 

Steud.     Steudel,  E.  G. 

Sudw.     Sud worth,  G.  B. 

Sw.     Swartz,  Olof. 

S.  Wats.     Watson,  Sereno. 

Thunb.     Thunberg,  C.  P. 

Torr.     Torrey,  J. 

T.  &  G.     Torrey,  J.,  and  Gray,  A. 

Torr.    &  Hook.      Torrey,    J.,   and 

Hooker,  W.  J. 

Tourn.     Tournefort,  J.  P.  de. 
Trin.     Trinius,  K.  B. 
Tuckerm.     Tuckerman,  E. 
Underw.     Underwood,  L.  M. 
Vent.     Ventenat,  E.  P. 
Wahl.     Wahlenberg,  G. 
Walp.     Walpers,  W.  G. 
Walt.     Walter,  T. 
Wats.    Watson,  S. 
Weinm.     Weinmanu. 
Willd.     Willdenow,  C.  L. 


GLOSSARY. 

Acaulescent.    Apparently  stemless. 
Accumbent.    Edges  of  cotyledon  folded  against  radicle. 
Achene.     A  dry  1-celled,  1-seeded  fruit  with  tight-fitting  pericarp. 
Acicular.    Needle-shaped. 
Acuminate.    Long-tapering  at  the  end. 
Acute.    Sharp-pointed  at  the  end,  but  not  tapering. 
Adnate.    Attached. 

Adventive.    Not  native  and  but  imperfectly  naturalized. 
Alate.    Winged. 

Albumen.    Nutritive  material  around  the  embryo  of  a  seed. 
Alliaceous.    Onion-like. 
Alternate.    Not  opposite. 

Ament.    A  dense,  usually  elongated,  cluster  of  imperfect  bracted  flowers. 
Amphitropous.     When  the  ovule  is  partly  inverted. 
Amplexicaul.    Clasping  the  stem. 
Anastomosing.     Forming  a  net-work. 

Anatropous.    Ovule  inverted  so  that  the  micropyle  is  close  to  the  hilum. 
-androus.    In  composition,  stamens. 
Angiospermous.    Seeds  borne  within  a  pericarp. 

Annual.    A  plant  of  one  year's  duration.     Winter  Annual  when  the  seed  ger- 
minates in  the  fall  and  the  plant  matures  the  following  season. 
Annular.    King-shaped. 

Anther.    The  upper  portion  of  the  stamen  containing  the  pollen. 
Antherid.    The  male  reproductive  organ  in  the  higher  cryptogams. 
Apetalous.    Without  petals. 
Apical.    Situated  at  the  apex. 
Apiculate.    Ending  in  a  minute  tip. 
Appressed.    Lying  close  against. 
Aquatic.     Growing  in  water. 
Arachnoid.    Cobwebby. 
Arborescent.    Tree-like. 

Archegone.    The  female  reproductive  organ  in  the  higher  cryptogams. 
Areolate.    Surface  divided  into  small  spaces  by  veinlets. 
Aril.    A  seed  appendage  growing  near  the  hilum. 
Arillate.    Having  an  aril. 
Aristate.    Tipped  by  an  awn  or  bristle. 
Aristulate.    Diminutive  of  aristate. 
Articulate.    Jointed. 
Ascending.    Rising  obliquely. 
Attenuate.    Becoming  very  slender. 
Auricle.    An  ear-shaped  appendage. 
Auricled.    Possessing  auricles. 
Awn.    A  slender  bristle-shaped  appendage. 
Axil.    The  angle  formed  where  a  leaf  or  branch  unites  with  the  stem. 

235 


216  GLOSSAEY 

Axillary.    Situated  in  an  axil. 

Axis.    The  central  support  of  a  group  of  organs. 

Barbed.    Furnished  with  short  usually  reflexed  bristles. 

Barbellate.    Minutely  barbed. 

Beaked.    Ending  in  a  stout  elongated  tip. 

Berry.    A  fruit  with  a  fleshy  pericarp. 

Bidentate.    Having  two  teeth. 

Biennial.    A  plant  of  two  years'  duration. 

Bilabiate.    With  two  lips. 

Bipinnate.    Twice  pinnate. 

Blade.    The  expanded  portion  of  the  leaf. 

Bract.    A  usually  diminutive  leaf  subtending  a  flower  or  group  of  flowers. 

Bracteate.    Possessing  bracts. 

Bracteolate.    Possessing  bractlets. 

Bractlet.    A  small  or  secondary  bract. 

Bristle.    A  stiff  hair. 

Bud.    An  unexpanded  or  undeveloped  leaf,  branch  or  flower. 

Bulb.    A  fleshy  scaly  leaf-bud,  usually  underground. 

Bulblet.    A  small  bulb. 

Caducous.    Early  falling  off. 

Caespitose.    Growing  in  tufts. 

Callosity.    A  small  hard  protuberance. 

Callus.    A  callosity. 

Calyculate.    With  bracts  subtending  the  flower  imitating  an  outer  calyx. 

Calyx.    The  outer  floral  envelope. 

Campanulate.    Shaped  like  a  bell. 

Campy lotropous.    A  much  incurved  seed  or  ovule. 

Canescent.    Covered  with  gray  or  hoary  usually  short  fine  hairs. 

Capitate.    In  a  dense  head-like  cluster. 

Capsule.     A  dry  dehiscent  fruit  with  two  or  more  carpels. 

Carinate.    Longitudinally  ridged  or  keeled. 

Carpel.    The  modified  leaf  forming  the  simple  pistil,  or  one  of  the  parts  of 

the  compound  pistil. 

Cartilaginous.    Firm  and  tough  like  cartilage. 
Caruncle.    Appendage  to  a  seed  growing  near  the  hilum. 
Carunculate.    Bearing  a  caruncle. 
Caryopsis.    A  one-celled  one-seeded  fruit  with  the  thin  pericarp  adnate  to  the 

seed. 

Catkin.    An  ament. 

Caudate.    Possessing  a  slender  tail-like  appendage. 
Caudicle.    The  stalk  of  a  pollen  mass. 
Caulescent.    Having  a  stem. 
Cell.    A  cavity. 
Cespitose.    Caespitose. 
Chaff.    A  dry  and  membranous  scale. 
Channelled.    With  a  deep  longitudinal  groove. 
Chartaceous.    Thick  papery  in  texture. 
Chlorophyll.    The  green  coloring  matter  in  plants. 
Ciliate.    Fringed  with  marginal  hairs. 


GLOSSARY  217 

Ciliolate.    Minutely  ciliate. 
Cinereous.    Ash-colored. 
Circinate.    Rolled  downward  from  the  apex. 
Circumscissile.     Dehiscent  by  a  horizontal  circular  line. 
Clavate.    Shaped  like  a  club. 

Cleistogamous.    Flowers  fertilized  in  the  bud  without  opening. 
Cleft.    Cut  about  to  the  middle  or  to  the  middle  of  a  half. 
Coalescent.    United. 
Coma.    A  tuft  of  small  hairs. 

Commissure.    The  surface  of  one  carpel  contiguous  to  the  other  carpel. 
Compound.    Composed  of  two  or  more  similar  parts. 
Conduplicate.    Folded  lengthwise  together. 
Coniferous.    Bearing  cones. 
Connate.    United. 

Connective.    That  part  of  the  stamen  between  the  two  anther  cells. 
Connivent.    Approaching  closely  and  often  connecting. 
Convolute.    Longitudinally  rolled  up. 
Cordate.    Heart-shaped. 
Coriaceous.    Leathery  in  texture. 
Corm.    The  solid  enlarged  fleshy  base  of  a  stem. 
Corolla.    The  inner  of  two  series  of  floral  envelopes. 
Corona.    A  crown-like  appendage,  especially  to  the  corolla. 
Corymb.    A  raceme  with  the  lower  pedicels  elongated  so  that  the  inflores- 
cence is  flat-topped. 
Corymbose.    Borne  in  corymbs. 
Costate.    Ribbed. 

Cotyledon.    The  rudimentary  leaf  or  leaves  found  in  the  seed  embryo. 
Crenate.    Having  rounded  teeth. 
Crenulate.     Diminutive  of  crenate. 
Crested.    Having  a  crest-like  appendage. 
Crown.    Corona. 
Cucullate.    Hood-shaped. 
Culm.    The  stem  of  sedges  and  grasses. 
Cuneate.    Shaped  like  a  wedge. 
Cusp.     A  sharp,  rigid  point. 
Cuspidate.    Bearing  a  cusp. 

Cyme.    A  flat-topped  inflorescence  with  the  central  flowers  blooming  first. 
Cymose.    Cyme-like. 
Deciduous.    Not  persistent  and  evergreen. 
Decompound.    Twice  or  more  divided. 
Decumbent.    Reclining,  with  ascending  ends. 
Decurrent.    Adnate  down  the  stem  below  the  insertion. 
Deflexed.    Turned  abruptly  downward. 
Dehiscent.    Opening  regularly. 
Deltoid.    Broadly  triangular. 
Dentate.    Toothed,  the  teeth  outwardly  projecting. 
Denticulate.    Diminutive  of  dentate. 
Depauperate.    Stunted. 
Depressed.    Flattened  from  above. 
Diadelphous.    Stamens  combined  in  two  sets. 


218  GLOSSARY 

Diandrous.    Possessing  two  stamens. 

Dichotomous.    Bi-forked  equally  and  regularly. 

Dicotyledonous.    Possessing  two  cotyledons. 

Didymous.    Twin-like. 

Didynamous.    Stamens  in  two  pairs  of  unequal  length. 

Diffuse.    Loosely  and  much  spreading. 

Digitate.     Diverging,  like  spreading  fingers. 

Dimorphous.    Two-formed. 

Dioecious.    Bearing  male  and  female  flowers  on  different  plants. 

Discoid.     Disk-like  ;  a  flower  head  with  none  but  rayless  flowers. 

Disk.    A  developed  receptacle  at  or  around  the  base  of  the  pistil,  especially 

the  enlarged  receptacle  on  which  the  numerous  flowers  are  borne  in 

Compositae. 
Disk  flowers.    The  central  flowers  in  the  head  in  Compositae,  as  distinguished 

from  the  marginal  flowers. 
Dissected.    Divided  into  numerous  segments. 
Distichous.    Arranged  in  two  vertical  ranks. 
Distinct.    Apparent ;  not  united. 
Divaricate.    Widely  spreading. 
Divided.    Cut  to  the  base  or  mid-nerve. 
Dorsal.    Pertaining  to  the  back. 
Drupaceous.    Drupe-like. 
Drupe.    A  fleshy  usually  simple  fruit  with  exocarp  fleshy  and  endocarp 

stony. 
Drupelet.    Diminutive  of  drupe. 

Echinate.    Prickly. 

Elliptical.    Oval. 

Emarginate.    With  a  shallow  notch  at  the  apex. 

Embryo.    The  rudimentary  plant  within  the  seed. 

Endocarp.    The  inner  layer  of  the  pericarp. 

Endogenous.    Forming  new  tissue  within  instead  of  by  superficial  layers. 

Endosperm.    The  albumen  of  a  seed. 

Entire.    Without  toothing,  lobes  or  divisions. 

Ephemeral.    Lasting  less  than  a  day. 

Epidermis.    An  outer  covering. 

Epigynous.    Growing  on  the  upper  part  of  the  ovary. 

Epiphyte.    An  air  plant. 

Equitant.    Conduplicate  distichous  leaves. 

Excurrent.    Eunning  out  beyond  the  main  body. 

Exfoliating.    Coming  off  in  layers. 

Exocarp.    The  outer  layer  of  the  pericarp. 

Exogenous.    Growing  by  new  tissue  formed  outside  the  old. 

Exserted.    Projecting  beyond  the  surrounding  organs. 

Exstipulate.    Without  stipules. 

Extrorse.    Facing  outward. 

Falcate.    Scythe-shaped. 

Farinose.    Covered  with  a  meal-like  powder. 

Fascicle.    A  close,  dense  bundle  or  cluster. 

Fastigiate.    Erect  stems  or  branches  borne  closely  together. 

Ferrugi  ous.    Color  of  rust. 


GLOSSARY  219 

Fertile.    Productive. 

Fertilization.    Intermingling  of  the  contents  of  a  male  and  female  cell. 

Fibrillose.    Bearing  fine  fibers. 

Filament.    The  slender  portion  of  the  stamen  supporting  the  anther. 

Filiform.    Thread-shaped. 

Fimbriate.    Fringed. 

Fimbrillate.    Diminutive  of  fimbriate. 

Flaccid.    Lacking  rigidity. 

Flexuous.    Zigzag. 

Floccose.    Bearing  tufts  of  wool-like  hairs. 

Foliaceous.    Leaf-like. 

-foliate.    In  composition  referring  to  leaves. 

-foliolate.    In  composition  referring  to  leaflets. 

Follicle.    A  one-celled  fruit  dehiscing  by  one  suture. 

Free.    Not  attached  to  other  organs. 

Frond.    The  leaf  of  ferns. 

Frutescent.    Shrub-like. 

Fugacious.    Early  falling  away. 

Fugitive.    Plants  not  native  and  apparently  not  permanently  established. 

Funicle.    The  stalk  of  an  ovule  or  seed. 

Fuscous.    Grayish-brown. 

Fusiform.    Spindle-shaped. 

Galea.    A  helmet-shaped  portion  of  a  floral  envelope. 
Galeate.    Provided  with  a  galea. 

Oamopetalous.    Having  the  petals  more  or  less  united. 
Geniculate.    Bent  abruptly. 
Gibbous.    With  a  swelling  on  one  side. 
Glabrate.    Nearly  without  hairs. 
Glabrous.    Entirely  without  hairs. 
Gland.    A  secreting  organism. 
Glandular.    Bearing  glands. 
Glaucous.    Covered  with  a  bluish-white  bloom. 
Globose.    Eound. 
Glomerate.    Compactly  clustered. 
Glumaceous.    Glume-like. 

Glume.    The  scaly  bractlets  of  the  inflorescence  in  sedges  and  grasses. 
Granular.    Resembling  or  composed  of  grains. 
Granulose.    Granular. 
Gregarious.    Growing  in  groups. 
Gymnospermous.    Plants  with  naked  seeds. 
Gynandrous.    Having  the  pistil  supporting  the  stamens. 
Gynobase.    A  prolongation  or  enlargement  of  the  receptacle  bearing  the 
ovary. 

Habit.    The  general  appearance  or  aspect  of  a  plant. 

Habitat.    Place  of  growth  of  a  plant. 

Hastate.    Arrow-shaped,  but  with  basal  lobes  spreading  at  right  angles. 

Head.    A  dense  usually  spherical  cluster  of  sessile  (or  nearly  so)  flowers. 

Herbaceous.    Herb-like  ;  leaf-like  in  color  or  texture. 

Heterogamous.    Bearing  two  kinds  of  flowers. 


220  GLOSSAEY 

Hilum.    The  point  of  attachment  of  a  seed  or  ovule. 

Hirsute.    Covered  with  coarse  stiffish  hairs. 

Hispid.    Covered  with  rigid  bristly  hairs. 

Hispidulous.    Diminutive  of  hispid. 

Hoary.    Covered  with  a  grayish-white  close,  fine  pubescence. 

Homogamous.    Bearing  one  kind  of  flower  only. 

Hyaline.    Thin ;  translucent. 

Hybrid.    A  cross  between  two  species. 

Hypocotyl.    The  radicle. 

Hypogynous.    Situated  on  the  receptacle  at  or  below  the  base  of  the  ovary. 

Imbricate.    Overlapping. 

Imperfect.    Without  both  sexual  organs  fully  developed. 

Incised.    Irregularly  deeply  and  sharply  cut. 

Included.    Not  protruding  beyond  the  surrounding  envelope. 

Incumbent.  Having  the  back  of  one  of  the  cotyledons  lying  against  the 
radicle. 

Indefinite.    Not  constant  in  number,  and  numerous. 

Indehiscent.    Not  opening. 

Indigenous.    Native. 

Indusium.    The  membrane  covering  the  fruit-dot  in  ferns. 

Inequilateral.    With  sides  unequal. 

Inferior.    Situated  below. 

Inflexed.    Bent  inward  abruptly. 

Inflorescence.  The  flowering  part  of  plants  with  especial  reference  to  the 
mode  of  arrangement. 

Inserted.    Attached  to. 

Internode.    Lying  between  two  nodes. 

Introrse.    Turned  inward. 

Involucel.    A  secondary  involucre. 

Involucre.    A  circle  of  bracts  subtending  a  flower  or  a  number  of  flowers. 

Involute.    Inwardly  rolled. 

Irregular.  A  flower  in  which  members  of  the  same  class  of  organs  are  dis- 
similar. 

Keel.    A  longitudinal  ridge  ;  the  two  united  lower  petals  of  a  pea  flower. 

Labiate.    Lipped. 

Laciniate.    Cut  into  narrow  lobes. 

Lanceolate.  Shaped  like  a  lance ;  broadest  below  the  middle  and  tapering 
upward. 

Lateral.    Pertaining  to  the  side. 

Lax.    Loose  and  slender. 

Leaflet.    A  division  of  a  compound  leaf. 

Legume.    A  simple  fruit  dehiscent  by  both  sutures. 

Lenticular.    Shaped  like  a  lens. 

Ligulate.    Provided  with  a  ligule. 

Ligule.  A  strap-shaped  corolla,  as  the  rays  of  Compositae ;  a  scarious  pro- 
jection from  the  summit  of  the  sheaths  in  Gramineae. 

Limb.    The  expanded  portion  of  a  floral  envelope. 

Linear.    Long  and  narrow  with  sides  about  parallel. 

Lobe.    A  segment  of  an  organ. 


GLOSSARY  221 

Lobed.    Cut  into  lobes ;  cut  about  to  the  middle. 

Loment.    A  jointed  legume. 

Loculicidal.    Applied  to  capsules  splitting  through  the  walls  of  the  carpels. 

Lunate.    Shaped  like  a  crescent. 

Lyrate.    Pinnatifid  with  the  terminal  lobe  much  the  largest. 

Macrosporange.    A  sporange  containing  macrospores. 

Macrospore.    The  larger  of  two  kinds  of  spores  borne  by  certain  plants. 

Marcescent.    Withering,  but  not  falling. 

Marginal.    Near  the  edge. 

Marginate.    Furnished  with  a  border. 

Membranaceous.    Thin  and  membrane-like. 

Micropyle.    The  orifice  of  the  ovule  and  the  corresponding  point  on  the  seed. 

Microsporange.    A  sporange  containing  microspores. 

Microspores.  .  The  smaller  of  two  kinds  of  spores  borne  by  certain  plants. 

Mid-rib  (mid-vein).    The  central  vein  of  a  leaf. 

Monadelphous.    Applied  to  stamens  united  by  their  filaments. 

Moniliform.    Like  a  string  of  beads. 

Monocotyledonous.    Plants  having  but  one  cotyledon. 

Monoecious.    Bearing  stamens  and  pistils  in  different  flowers,[but  on  the 

same  plant. 

Monstrous.    Deformed. 
Mucronate.    Bearing  a  short  abrupt  tip. 
Mucronulate.    Diminutive  of  mucronate. 
Multifld.     Cut  into  numerous  segments. 
Muricate.    Roughened  with  short  hard  points. 
Muticous.    Without  a  point. 

Naked.    Without  the  covering  normally  present  in  related  species. 
Naturalized.    Plants  not  native,  but  so  thoroughly  established  that  they 

appear  native. 

Nectary.    An  organ  secreting  sweet  matter. 
Nerve.    A  vein. 

Node.    The  point  on  a  stem  on  which  a  leaf  is  normally  borne. 
Nodose.    Knotty. 
Nodulose.    Diminutive  of  nodose. 
Nut.    A  hard  indehiscent,  1-celled,  1-seeded  fruit. 
Nutlet.    Diminutive  of  nut. 

Obcompressed.    Compressed  from  back  and  front  instead  of  from  the  sides. 

Obcordate.    Inversely  heart-shaped. 

Oblanceolate.    Inversely  lance-shaped. 

Oblique.    With  unequal  sides. 

Oblong.    Longer  than  broad  with  the  sides  parallel. 

Obovate.    Inversely  ovate. 

Obovoid.    Inversely  ovoid. 

Obsolete.    Rudimentary  or  absent. 

Obtuse.    Blunt  or  rounded. 

Ochreae.    Tubular  sheathing  stipules. 

Ochreolae.    Organisms  resembling  ochreae  subtending  flowers. 

Ochroleucous.     Yellowish-white. 

Operculate.    Furnished  with  a  lid. 


222  GLOSSARY 

Operculum.    A  lid. 

Orbicular.    Circular  in  outline  or  nearly  so. 

Orthotropous.  An  erect  ovule  with  the  micropyle  at  the  apex  and  the  hilum 
at  the  base. 

Oval.    Broadly  elliptical. 

Ovary.    The  portion  of  the  pistil  containing  the  ovules. 

Ovate.  Egg-shaped  with  the  broader  end  down;  broadly  and  shortly  lanceo- 
late. 

Ovule.    The  body  which  after  fertilization  becomes  the  seed. 

Palate.    The  projection  on  the  lower  lip  of  a  personate  corolla  which  closes 

the  throat. 

Falet.    The  thin  chaffy  bract  subtending  the  flower  in  the  Gramineae. 
Palmate.    Resembling  the  hand  with  spreading  fingers. 
Panicle.    An  irregular  compound  inflorescence. 
Panicled,  paniculate.    Borne  in  panicles. 
Papilionaceous.    A  name  applied  to  the  peculiar  corolla  of  the  Leguniinosae ; 

pea-like. 

Papillose.    Bearing  minute  projections. 

Pappus.    The  calyx  in  Compositae,  consisting  of  awns,  bristles,  teeth,  etc. 
Parasitic.    Growing  on  and  absorbing  nourishment  from  other  plants. 
Parietal.    Borne  on  the  inner  surface  of  the  wall  of  a  capsule. 
Parted.    Cut  down  nearly  to  the  base. 
Pectinate.    Cut  into  narrow  crowded  segments. 
Pedate.    Palmately  cut,  the  lateral  segments  2-cleft. 
Pedicel.    A  secondary  peduncle. 
Pedicellate.    Borne  on  a  pedicel. 

Peduncle.    A  primary  flower-stalk,  supporting  a  flower  or  cluster  of  flowers. 
Pedunculate.    Borne  on  a  peduncle. 

Peltate.    Shield-shaped  and  attached  to  a  stalk  by  the  lower  surface. 
Perennial.    Living  for  years. 

Perfect.    Applied  to  a  flower  having  both  sexual  organs. 
Perfoliate.    A  leaf  clasping  the  stem  so  that  the  stem  appears  to  pass  through 

it. 

Perianth.    The  modified  floral  leaves  taken  collectively. 
Pericarp.    The  wall  of  the  matured  ovary. 
Perigynium.    The  sac  enclosing  the  achene  in  Carex. 
Perigynous.    Attached  to  the  perianth  and  hence  around  the  ovary. 
Persistent.    Unusually  long-continuous. 

Personate.    Two-lipped  with  the  throat  closed  by  a  protuberance. 
Petal.    A  division  of  the  corolla. 
Petaloid.    Resembling  a  petal. 
Fetiolate.    Having  a  petiole. 
Petiole.    The  leaf  stalk. 
Petiolulate.    Having  a  petiolule. 
Petiolule.    A  small  petiole,  supporting  a  leaflet. 
Phaenerogamous.    Plants  producing  true  flowers  and  seeds. 
Phyllodia.    A  bladeless  petiole. 
Pilose.    Bearing  long  soft  hairs. 
Pinna  (pi.  pinnae).    One  of  the  primary  divisions  of.  a  pinnately  compound 

leaf. 


GLOSSARY  223 

Pinnate.  A  compound  leaf  with  the  leaflets  arranged  on  each  side  of  a  com- 
mon axis. 

Pinnatifid.    Pinnately  cleft. 

Pinnule.    A  division  of  a  pinna. 

Pistil.    The  female  reproductive  organs  in  the  higher  plants. 

Pistillate.  Provided  with  pistils,  and  usually  implying  the  absence  of  sta- 
mens. 

Placenta.    An  ovule-bearing  surface. 

Plicate.    Folded  lengthwise. 

Plumose.    Plume-like ;  having  fine  hairs  on  each  side. 

Plumule.    The  growing  point  of  the  embryo. 

Pod.    A  dry,  dehiscent  fruit. 

Pollen.    The  fertilizing  bodies  contained  in  the  anther. 

Pollinia.    The  waxy  pollen-masses  of  orchids  and  milk-weeds. 

Polygamous.    Bearing  both  perfect  and  imperfect  flowers  on  the  same  plant. 

Polypetalous.    Having  separate  petals. 

Pome.    A  fleshy  fruit  like  an  apple. 

Procumbent.    Lying  flat  on  the  ground. 

Prothallium.    The  sexual  generation  of  Pteridophyta. 

Puberulent.    Short  hairy. 

Pubescent.    Covered  with  hairs,  especially  if  short  and  soft. 

Punctate.    Dotted  with  translucent  spots  or  pits. 

Pungent.    Tipped  with  a  rigid  point. 

Pyriform.    Shaped  like  a  pear. 

Raceme.    An  elongated  flower  cluster  in  which  the  flowers  are  pedicelled  and 

the  lower  bloom  first. 
Racemose.    Borne  in  racemes. 
Rachilla.    The  axis  of  the  spikelet  in  Gramineae. 
Rachis.    The  axis  of  a  spike,  raceme  or  compound  leaf. 
Radiate.    Bearing  ray -flowers ;  spreading  from  a  common  center. 
Radicle.    The  rudimentary  stem  in  the  embryo. 
Ray.    A  branch  of  an  umbel ;  a  marginal  flower  when  distinct  from  the 

others. 
Receptacle.    That  part  of  the  axis  bearing  the  reproductive  organs  ;  or  the 

collective  flowers  in  Compositae. 
Recurved.    Backwardly  curved. 
Reflexed.    Abruptly  recurved. 

Regular.    Having  all  parts  of  the  same  nature  similar. 
Reniform.    Kidney-shaped. 
Repand.    Having  a  wavy  margin. 
Reticulate.    Netted- veined. 
Retrorse.    Turned  back  or  downward. 
Retuse.    Having  a  shallow  notch  at  the  rounded  end. 
Re  volute.    Rolled  backward. 
Rhachis.    The  same  as  rachis. 
Rhizome.    A  rootstock. 

Ringent.    The  gaping  mouth  of  a  bilabiate  corolla. 
Rostrate.    Beaked. 
Rotate.    Flat  and  round  in  outline. 


224  GLOSSAKY 

Rufous.     Red-brown. 

Rugose.    Wrinkled. 

Runcinate.    Sharply  jagged  with  the  lobes  turned  backward. 

Runner.    A  long  slender  stolon. 

Sac.    A  pouch-like  body. 

Saccate.    Shaped  like  a  sac. 

Sagittate.    Shaped  like  an  arrow-head,  the  lobes  turned  downward. 

Salver-shaped  (salver-form).  A  corolla  with  a  narrow  tube  abruptly  ex- 
panded into  a  spreading  limb. 

Samara.    An  indehiscent  winged  fruit. 

Saprophyte.    A  plant  growing  on  dead  organic  matter. 

Scabrous.    Rough. 

Scape.    A  stem  above  ground  bearing  flowers,  but  not  leaves. 

Scapose.    Scape-like ;  having  scapes. 

Scarious.    Thin,  dry,  membranous  and  not  green. 

Scorpoid.    An  inflorescence  coiled  up  in  the  bud,  but  unrolled  in  growth. 

Scurfy.    Covered  with  minute  scales. 

Secund.    Borne  on  but  one  side  of  the  axis. 

Seed.    The  ripened  ovule. 

Segment.    One  of  the  divisions  of  a  cut  or  divided  organ. 

Sepal.    One  of  the  divisions  of  the  calyx. 

Septicidal.  Applied  to  capsules  splitting  through  the  partitions  of  the 
carpels. 

Septum.    A  partition. 

Serrate.    Provided  with  teeth  pointing  forward. 

Serrulate.    Diminutive  of  serrate. 

Sessile.    Not  stalked. 

Setaceous.    Bristle-like. 

Setose.    Bristly. 

Sheath.  A  tube-like  envelope,  especially  the  lower  part  of  the  leaf  in 
Gramineae. 

Silicle.    A  silique  little  longer  than  wide. 

Silique.  An  elongated  two-valved  capsule  with  two  parietal  placentae,  usu- 
ally dehiscent. 

Simple.    Not  compound. 

Sinuate.    With  the  margins  strongly  wavy. 

Sinus.    The  cleft  between  lobes. 

Sorus  (pi.  sori) .    A  cluster  of  fruit-dots. 

Spadix.    A  fleshy  flower  spike. 

Spathe.  The  bract  or  bracts  subtending  the  inflorescence  in  certain  mono- 
cotyledonous  plants. 

Spatulate.    Shaped  like  a  spatula. 

Spicate.    Arranged  in  a  spike. 

Spike.    A  dense  elongated  inflorescence  with  sessile  flowers. 

Spikelet.  Diminutive  of  spike;  especially  applied  to  the  "flowers"  of 
grasses  and  sedges. 

Spinose.    Having  spines. 

Sporange  (sporangium).    A  spore-case. 

Spore.    Asexual  vegetative  bodies  in  Cryptogamia. 

Sporocarp.    An  organ  containing  sporangia  or  spores. 


GLOSSARY  225 

Spreading.    Widely  divergent ;  nearly  prostate. 
Spur.    A  tube-like  projection  from  part  of  a  blossom. 
Squarrose.    Strongly  spreading  and  projecting. 
Stamen.    The  male  sexual  organ  in  a  plant. 
Staminodium.    A  sterile  stamen. 
Standard.    The  upper  petal  of  a  pea  corolla. 
Stellate.    Star-like. 
Sterile.    Unproductive. 

Stigma.    The  uppermost  portion  of  the  pistil. 
Stipe.    A  stalk. 
Stipitate.    Possessing  a  stipe. 
Stipulate.    Having  stipules. 

Stipule.    Appendages  to  a  leaf  at  the  base  of  the  petiole. 
Stolon.    A  weak  basal  branch  disposed  to  root. 
Stoloniferous.    Producing  stolons. 
Striate.    Finely  lined  or  ribbed  longitudinally. 
Strict.    Very  straight  and  erect. 

Strigose.    Beset  with  more  or  less  appressed  straight  hairs. 
Style.    The  slender  portion  of  the  pistil  between  the  ovary  and  stigma. 
Stylopodium.    An  enlargement  at  the  base  of  the  style. 
Sub-.    A  prefix  meaning  somewhat  or  slightly. 
Subulate.    Awl-shaped. 
Succulent.    Juicy  and  fleshy. 
Superior.    Above  the  surrounding  organs. 
Suture.    The  line  of  opening. 

Symmetrical.    Applied  to  a  flower  having  the  same  number  of  parts  in  each 
circle. 

Terete.    Circular  in  cross-section. 

Ternate.    In  threes. 

Tetradynamous.    Having  four  of  the  six  stamens  longer  than  the  other  two. 

Thallus.    A  flat  vegetative  organ. 

Throat.    That  portion  of  a  gamopetalous  corolla  or  gamosepalous  calyx 

between  the  tube  and  the  limb. 
Thyrse.    A  compact  panicle. 
Thyrsoid.    Resembling  a  thyrse. 
Tomentose.    Covered  with  densely  matted  hairs. 
Tooth.    A  small  marginal  lobe. 
Torose.    Cylindrical,  and  contracted  at  intervals. 
Torulose.    Diminutive  of  torose. 
Tri-.     In  composition,  three. 
Triandrous.    Having  three  stamens. 
Truncate.    Ending  abruptly  in  a  straight  edge. 
Tuber.     A  short,  thick  underground  branch. 
Tuberiferous.    Tuber-bearing. 
Tubercle.    The  persistent  style  base  in  some  sedges. 
Tuberculate.    Bearing  short,  hard,  rounded  projections. 
Turbinate.    Inversely  conical. 
Umbel.     An  inflorescence  in  which  the  flower  pedicels  spring  from  the  same 

point,  and  the  outer  flowers  bloom  last. 
Umbellate.    Umbel-like. 

15 


226  GLOSSAKY 

Umbellet.    A  secondary  umbel. 

Undulate.    Having  wavy  margins. 

Uni-.    In  composition,  one. 

Utricle.    A  one-seeded  fruit  with  a  loose  pericarp. 

Valvate.    Opening  by  valves  ;  meeting  by  the  edges  without  overlapping. 

Vein.    A  prominent  leaf  vein. 

Veins.    The  main  frame- work  of  a  leaf  or  other  organ. 

Veinlet.    A  small  vein. 

Velum.    The  fold  on  the  inner  side  at  the  base  of  the  leaf  in  Isoetes. 

Velutinous.    Velvety. 

Ventral.    Relating  to  the  inner  or  front  surface. 

Ventricose.    Swollen  on  one  side. 

Venation.    The  arrangement  of  veins. 

Vernation.    The  arrangement  of  leaves. 

Versatile.    Applied  to  an  anther  attached  near  the  middle  and  free  at  the 

ends. 

Verticillate.    Whorled. 
Villous.    Bearing  long,  soft,  loose  hairs. 
Virgate.    Long  and  slender. 
Viscid.    Glutinous;  sticky. 

Whorl.    An  arrangement  of  organs  in  a  circle. 

Wing.    A  thin  expansion  of  an  organ  ;  the  lateral  petal  in  Leguminosae. 

Woolly.    Clothed  with  long  matted  hairs. 


ERRATA  AND  ADDENDA. 

Page  2,  3d  line  from  bottom  for  "grandular"  read  "glandular." 
Page  10,  under  Lophotocarpus,  1st  line,  for  "verticels"  read  "verticils"  and 
2d  line,  for  "inclosing"  read  "enclosing." 
Page  14,  under  6th  line  for  "waiting"  read  "wanting." 
Page  16,  under  Paspalum,  2d  line,  read  "spikes"  for  "spike." 
Page  19,  under  P.  miliaceum,  2d  line,  read  "sheaths"  for  "sheath." 
Page  23,  under  M.  sobolifera,  3d  line,  read  "2' -3'"  for  "2"-3"." 
Page  28,  under  Bouteloua,  Key,  read  "spikes"  for  "spikelets." 
Page  29,  add : 

35a.     BULBILIS  Raf. 

A  low,  creeping,  perennial  grass  with  the  staminate  and  pistillate  spikelets 
on  distinct  culms,  the  former  forming  2-4  one-sided  spikes  on  a  relatively 
long-exserted  culm,  the  latter  2-3  clusters  on  a  very  short  culm. 

1.  B.  dactyloides  ( Nutt. )  Raf.    Staminate  spikes  2"-2i' '  long,  2-3-flowered, 
sharp-pointed :  pistillate  spikes  subtended  by  long  filiform  bracts,  scarious- 
dilated  at  base :  the  outer  glumes  indurated. — Two  patches  found  as  a  waif 
along  the  Santa  Fe  Railroad  east  of  Sheffield.    May-Sept. 
Page  36,  under  Lolium,  2d  line,  for  "join"  read  "joints." 
Page  37,  under  A.  repens,  5th  line,  for  "forms"  read  "form." 
Page  39,  3d  line  from  bottom  for  "scales"  read  "scale." 
Page  39,  under  Hystrix  for  "elymoides  M.  &  B."  read  "pat-ula  Moench." 
Page  41,  under  C.  strigosus  robustior,  1st  line  for  "8"'  read  "8"." 
Page  47,  19th  line,  for  "sparganoides"  read  "gparganioides." 
Page  48,  under  C.  trichocarpa,  1st  line,  for  "bract"  read  "bracts." 
Page  52,  No.  41  should  read  "C.  cephaloidea." 

Page  53,  add :  46a.  C.  siccata  Dewey.  Culms  slender,  erect,  2°-3°  high  : 
leaves  l"-2"  broad:  spikes  3-4,  2i"-4"  long,  distinct,  silvery-brownish,  the 
staminate  flowers  basal  and  numerous,  or  sometimes  occupying  whole  spikes : 
perigynia  2£"  long,  lanceolate,  strongly  winged. — Locally  common  on  a  dry 
hill  near  Courtney.  June. 

Page  66,  under  Juglandaceae,  4th  line,  after  "1-ovuled"  add  "ovary." 
Page  67,  under  H.  minima,  2d  line,  for  "one"  read  "ones." 
Page  70,  under  Quercus,  4th  line,  "hydrids"  should  be  hybrids." 
Page  73,  under  Humulus,  3d  line,  read  "Pistillate  flowers  two  together  in 
the  axil  of  a  foliaceous  bract." 

Page  83,  under  A.  blitoides,  2dline,  for  "bract"  read  "bracts." 
Page  88,  the  authority  for  Cerastium  brachypodum  should  be  (Robinson) 
Engelm. 

Page  96,  under  C.  montanum,  2d  line,  "seeded"  should  be  omitted. 
Page  99,  the  authority  for  R.  palustris  is  (L.)  Bess. 
Page  106,  under  P.  pentandra,  3d  line,  for  "bottom"  read  "bottoms." 
Page  110,  for  "Caesalpinaceae"  read  "Caesalpiniaceae." 
Page  113,  under  Trifolium,  9th  line,  read  "plant"  for  "plants." 

227 


228  EKKATA  AND  ADDENDA 

Page  114,  under  T.  hybridum,  3d  line,  for  "peduncled"  read  "pedicelled." 
Page  118,  under  Lespedeza,  Key,  8th  line,  "perennials"  should  be  "peren- 
nial" and  in  9th  line,  "annuals"  should  be  "annual." 
Page  120,  under  Geraniaceae  "J.  St.  Hill."  should  read  "J.  St.  Hil." 
Page  121,  last  line,  "calltrop"  should  read  "caltrop." 
Page  122,  under  Euphorbiaceae,  "J.  St.  Hill."  should  read  "J.  St.  Hil." 
Page  128,  under  Acer  for  var.  barbatum  read  var.  Rugelii   (Pax)  Wesmael. 
Page  129,  under  Balsaminaceae,  5th  line,  "by  the"  should  read  "into." 
Page  131,  under  Tilia,  3d  line,  "5-delphous"  should  be  "5-adelphous." 
Page  135,  under  V.  Itafinesquii,  1st  line,  "annuals"  should  read  "annual." 
Page  135,  add :  4a.  V.  viarum  Pollard.    Growing  in  clumps  and  resem- 
bling No.  4,  but  glabrous  or  nearly  so  throughout :  leaves  ovate-cordate  to 
reniform  in  outline,  3-9-diyided,  the  divisions  very  unequal,   usually  the 
middle  one  the  longest :  peduncles  of  cleistogamous  flowers  at  first  erect,  but 
at  length  decumbent.— Moist  prairies  from  Levasy  to  Buckner.    April-May. 
Page  137,  under  Didiplis,  1st  line,  "aquatics"  should  read  "aquatic." 
Page  142,  under  Lomatium,  2d  line,  "later"  should  read  "lateral." 
Page  143,  under  Chaerophyllum,  "chevril"  should  read  "chervil"  and  "<7. 
Texensis"  should  read  "(7.  Texanum." 
Page  162,  add : 

7a.     DRACOCEPHALUM  L. 

Herbs  with  flowers  in  terminal  spikes  subtended  by  conspicuously  aristate- 
toothed  bracts.  Calyx  and  corolla  each  2-lipped.  Stamens  four  with  di- 
vergent anther-sacs,  the  upper  pair  the  longer. 

1.  D.  parviflorum  Nutt.  DKAQON-HEAD.  A  more  or  less  pubescent 
annual  with  spreading  branches,  about  1°  high  :  leaves  ovate,  cordate  or 
rounded  at  base,  strongly  serrate:  bracts  usually  exceeding  the  corolla.— 
Found  as  a  waif  at  Sheffield.  June. 

Page  185,  add :  la.  L.  scariola  L.  A  taller  plant  than  L.  virosa,  from 
which  it  also  differs  in  its  more  prickly  stem,  in  its  strongly  sinuate-pinnatifid 
leaves,  and  in  its  paler,  more  hairy  achenes. — Well  introduced  locally  in 
waste  places  at  Independence,  and  from  the  mouth  of  Sugar  Creek  to  Court- 
ney. June-September. 


INDEX  OF  LATIN  NAMES. 


Abutilon,  132 

Araceae,  54 

Campanula,  182 

Acalypha,  123 

Araliacese,  141 

Camptosorus,  4 

Acanthaceae,  176 

Arctium,  207 

Cannabis,  73 

Aceraceae,  128 

Arenaria,  88 

Capnoides,  96 

Acer,  128 

Argemone,  95 

Capparidaceae,  102 

Acerates,  151 

Arisaema,  54 

Caprifoliaceae,  179 

Achillea,  205 

Aristida,  22 

Cardamine,  99 

Acnida,  83 

Aristolochiaceae,  75 

Carduus,  208 

Acorus,  54 

Aristolochia,  75 

Carex,  45 

Acuan,  110 

Artemisia,  206 

Caryophyllaceae,   86 

Adiantum,  5 

Asarum,  75 

Cassia,  110 

Adicea,  74 

Asclepiadaceae,  150 

Catalpa,  175 

Ae^culus,  128 
Afzelia,  173 

Asclepias,  150 
Asclepiodora,  151 

Caulophyllum,  94 
Ceanothus,  129 

Agastache,  161 

Asimina,  90 

Celastraceae,  127 

Agrimonia,  106 

Asparagus,  61 

Celastrus,  127 

Agropyron,  37 

Asplenium,  4 

Celtis,  72 

Agrostemma,  87 

Aster,  194 

Cenchrus,  20 

Agrostis,  26 

Astragalus,  115 

Centaurea,  208 

Ailanthus,  122 

Athyrium,  4 

Centunculus,  147 

Aizoaceae,  85 

Atriplex,  81 

Cephalanthus,  178 

Alisma,  10 
Alisrnaceae,  9 

Avena,  27 
Azolla,  6 

Cerastium   88 
Ceratophyllaceae,  89 

Allionia,  84 

Ceratophyllum,  89 

Alliura,  59 

Balsaminaceae,  129 

Cercis,  110 

Alopecurus,  24 
Alsine,  88 

Baptisia,  112 
Barbarea,  98 

Chaerophyllum,  143 
Chaetochloa,  19 

Amaranthaceae,  82 

Batrachium,  93 

Chelone,  170 

Amaranthus,  82 

Beckinannia,  28 

Chenopodiaceae,  79 

Amaryllidaceae,  62 

Berberidaceae,  94 

Chenopodium,  79 

Ambrosiaceae,  186 

Bergia,  134 

Chrysanthemum,  205 

Ambrosia,  187 

Betulaceae,  69 

Cichoriaceae,  183 

Amelanchier,  108 

Bidens,  203 

Cichorium,  183 

Amiuannia,  137 

Bignoniaceae,  175 

Cicuta,  144 

Amorpha,  114 

Bikukulla,  95 

Cinna,  26 

Ampelopsis,  130 

Blephilia,  164 

Circaea,  140 

Amphiachyris,  192 

Boebera,  205 

Cistaceae,  134 

Amygdalus,  109 

Boehmeria,  74 

Claytonia,  85 

Anacardiaceae,  126 

Boltonia,  194 

Clematis,  92 

Anagallis,  147 

Boraginaceae,  156 

Cleome,  102 

Andropogon,  15 

Botrychium,  1 

Collinsia,  171 

And  rosace,  146 

Bouteloua,  28 

Comandra,  75 

Anemone,  91 

Brachyelytrum,  23 

Commelinaceae,  55 

Angiospermae,  7 

Brassica,  98 

Commelina,  55 

Anonaceae,  90 

Brauneria,  200 

Compositae,  188 

Antennaria,  197 

Bromus,  35 

Conobea,  171 

Anthemis,  205 

Bursa,  100 

Conringia,  102 

Anthoxanthum,  21 

Convallariaceae,  61 

Anychia,  89 

Cactaceae,  136 

Convolvulaceae,  152 

Apera,  27 
Apiastrum,  143 
Apios,  119 

Caesalpiniaceae,  110 
Calamagrostis,  26 
Calamovilfa,  27 

Convolvulus,  153 
Coreopsis,  202 
Corispermum,  82 

Aplectrum,  66 

Callirhoe,  132 

Cornaceae,  145 

Apocynaceae,  149 

Callitrichaceae,  126 

Cornus,  145 

Apocynum,  149 

Callitriche,  126 

Corylus,  69 

Aquilegia,  91 

Camelina.  100 

Crassulaceae,  102 

Arabis,  101                         '  Campanulaceae,  182 

Crataegus,  108 

229 

230 


INDEX  OF  LATIN  NAMES 


Crotalaria,  112 

Fagaceae,  70 

Ilysanthes,  172 

Croton,  123 

Fagopyrum,  76 

Impatiens,  129 

Cruciferae,  96 

Falcata,  119 

Inula,  198 

Cubelium,  136 

Festuca,  35 

lodanthus,  98 

Cucurbitaceae,  181 

Filix,  3 

Ipomoea,  152 

Cucurbita,  181 

Fimbristylis,  43 

Iridaceae,  63 

Cuscutaceae,  153 

Flaveria,  204 

Iris,  63 

Cuscuta,  153 

Foeniculum,  143 

Isanthus,  160 

Cycloloma,  81 

Fragaria,  105 

Isoetaceae,  6 

Cynoglossum,  156 

Fraxinus,  148 

Isoetes,  7 

Cyperaceae,  39 

Froelichia,  84 

Isopyrum,  90 

Cyperus,  39 

Fuirena,  44 

Iva,  186 

Cypripediuna,  64 

Gaillardia,  205 

Juglandaceae,  66 

Dactylis,  33 
Datura,  169 

Galinsoga,  204 
Galium,  178 

Juglans,  66 
Juncaceae,  57 

T                        Kfr 

Daucus,  142 

Gaura,  140 

Juncus,  57 

Delphinium,  91 
Dentaria,  100 

Gemmingia,  63 
Gentianaceae,  148 

Juniperus,  7 
Jussiaea,  138 

Deringa,  145 
Dianthera,  176 

Gentiana,  149 
Geraniaceae,  120 

Kallstroemia,  121 

"I/"^^»l-i^i      QO 

Dicotyledones,  66 

Geranium,  120 

-K.ocnia,  oZ 

Didiplis,  137 
Diodia,  178 
Dioscoreaceae,  63 

Gerardia,  173 
Geum,  106 
Gleditsia,  111 

Koeleria,  32 
Koellia,  164 
Korycarpus,  32 

Dioscorea,  63 
Diospyros,  147 

Glycyrrhiza,  116 
Gnaphalium,  198 

Kuhnia,  191 
Kyllinga,  41 

Diplachne,  30 
Distichlis,  33 
Dodecatheon,  147 
Draba,  100 
Drupaceae,  109 
Dryopteris,  4 
Duchesnea,  105 
Dulichiurn,  41 

Gonolobus,  152 
Gramineae,  11 
Gratiola,  172 
Grindeliaj  192 
Grossulariaceae,  103 
Gymnocladus,  111 
Gymnospermae,  7 
Gyrostachys,  65 

Labiatae,  159 
Lacinaria,  191 
Lactuca,  184 
Lamium,  162 
Lappula,  156 
Lechea,  134 
Lemnaceae,  54 
Lemna,  55 

Lentibulariaceae,  174 

Eatonia,  31 

Habenaria,  65 

Leonurus,  162 

Ebenaceae,  147 

Haloragidaceae,  140 

Lepidium,  97 

Echinodorus,  10 

Hartmannia,  139 

Leptandra,  173 

Echium,  158 

Hedeoma,  164 

Leptilon,  197 

Eclipta,  199 

Helenium,  204 

Leptochloa,  29 

Elatinaceae,  133 

Helianthemum,  134 

Lespedeza,  118 

Elatine,  133 

Helianthus,  201 

Liliaceae,  58 

Eleocharis,  42 

Heliopsis,  199 

Lilium,  60 

Elephantopus,  190 

Hemerocallis,  59 

Limosella,  172 

Eleusine,  29 

Hemicarpha,  45 

Linaceae,  121 

Elymus,  38 

Heteranthera,  56 

Linaria,  170 

Engelmannia,  199 

Heuchera,  103 

Linum,  121 

Epilobium,  139 

Hibiscus,  132 

Lithospermum,  157 

Equisetaceae,  6 

Hicoria,  66 

Loasaceae,  136 

Equisetum,  6 

Hieracium,  186 

Lobelia,  182 

Eragrostis,  30 

Hippocastanacese,  128 

Lolium,  36 

Erechtites,  207 

Holcus,  27 

Lomatium,  142 

Erigeron,  197 

Homalocenchrus,  20 

Lonicera,  180 

Eriochloa,  16 

Hordeum,  37 

Lophotocarpus,  10 

Eryngiurn,  142 

Houstonia,  178 

Lotus,  114 

Erysimum,  102 

Humulus,  73 

Ludwigia,  138 

Erythraea,  148 

Hydrastis,  90 

Lychnis,  87 

Erythronium,  60 
Euonymus,  127 
Eupatorium,  191 
Euphorbiaceae,  122 
Euphorbia,  124 
Euthamia,  194 

Hydrophyllaceae,  155 
Hydrophyllum,  155 
Hypericaceae,  133 
Hypericum,  133 
Hypoxis,  62] 
Hystrix,  38 

Lycium,  168 
Lycopersicon,  168 
Lycopus,  165 
Lysimachia,  146 
Lythraceae,  136 
Lythrum,  137 

INDEX  OF  LATIN  NAMES 


231 


Macrocalyx,  155 

Orobanchaceae,  174 

Potentilla,  105 

Malus,  108 

Osmundaceae,  2 

Primulaceae,  146 

Malvaceae,  131 

Osmunda,  2 

Prionopsis,  192 

Malva,  131 

Ostrya,  69 

Prunella,  162 

Mai  vastru  m,  132 

Oxalidaceae,  120 

Primus,  109 

Marrubium,  161 

Oxalis,  120 

Psoralea,  114 

Martyniaceae,  175 
Martynia,  175 

Oxygraphis,  94 

Pterido^hyta,  1 
Ptilimnium,  145 

Medicago,  113 

Panax,  141 

Meibomia,  116 

Panicularia,  34 

Quamasia,  60 

Melanthaceae,  58 

Panicum,  17 

Quamoclit,  152 

Melanthium,  58 

Papaveraceae,  95 

Quercus,  70 

Melica,  32 

Papilionaceae,  111 

Melilotus,  113 

Parietaria,  74 

Ranunculaceae,  90 

Melissa,  164 

Parosela,  115 

Ranunculus,  92 

Menispermaceae,  95           !  Parsonsia,  137 

Ratibida,  200 

Menisperrrmm,  95 

Parthenium,  199 

Rhamnaceae,  129 

Mentha,  165 

Parthenocissus,  130 

Rhamnus,  129 

Mentzelia,  136 

Paspalum,  16 

Rhus,  126 

Meriolix,  140 

Pastinaca,  142 

Ribes,  103 

Mertensia,  157 

Pedicularis,  174 

Ricinus,  124 

Mesadenia,  207 

Pellaea,  5 

Robinia,  115 

Micrampelis,  182 

Pentstemon,  170 

Roripa,  99 

Mimosaceae,  110 

Penthorum,  103 

Rosaceae,  104 

Mimulus,  171 

Perilla,  166 

Rosa,  107 

Moehringia,  88 

Petalostemon,  115 

Rotala,  137 

Mollugo,  85 

Phalaris,  21 

Rubiaceae,  178 

Monarda,  163 

Philotria,  11 

Rubus,  104 

Monniera,  171 

Phleum,  24 

Rudbeckia,  199 

Monocotyledons,  7 

Phlox,  154 

Ruellia,  176 

Monolepis,  81 

Phragmites,  29 

Rumex,  75 

Monotropaceae,  145 

Phrymaceae,  176 

Rutaceae,  122 

Monotropa,  145 

Phryma,  176 

Morongia,  110 

Phyla,  159 

Sabbatia,  148 

Moraceae,  72 

Physalis,  166 

Sagittaria,  10 

Morus,  73 

Physalodes,  166 

Salicaceae,  67 

Muhlenbergia,  22 

Physostegia,  162 

Salix,  68 

Myosotis,  157 

Phytolaccaceae,  84 

Salomonia,  61 

Myosurus,  92 

Phytolacca,  84 

Salsola,  82 

Myriophyllum,  140 

Pinaceae,  7 

Salvia,  163 

Plantaginaceae,  177 

Salviniaceae,  5 

Nabalus,  186 

Plantago,  177 

Sanibucus,  179 

Naiadaceae,  8 

Platanaceae,  103 

Sanguinaria,  95 

Naias,  9 

Platanus,  104 

Sanicula,  143 

Naumbergia,  147 

Poa,  33 

Santalaceae,  74 

Nelumbo,  89 

Podophyllum,  94 

Saponaria,  87 

Nepeta,  162 

Pogonia,  65 

Saxifragaceae,  103 

Nothocalais,  85 

Polanisia,  102 

Schedonnardus,  28 

Notholaena,  5 

Polemoniaceae,  154 

Scirpus,  43 

Nothoscordum,  59 

Polemonium,  155 

Scleria,  45 

Nyctaginiaceae,  84 
Nymphaeaceae,  89 

Polygalaceae,  122 
Polygala,  122 
Polygonaceae,  75 

Scrophulariaceae,  169 
Scrophularia,  170 
Scutellaria,  161 

Oenothera,  139 

Polygonum,  77 

Sedum,  103 

Oleaceae,  148 

Polymnia,  198 

Senecio,  207 

Onagraceae,  138 

Polypodiaceae,  2 

Sicyos,  181 

Onoclea,  3 

Polystichum,  3 

Sida,  132 

Onosmodium,  158 

Polytaenia,  142 

Sieglingia,  29 

Ophioglossaceae,  1 
Ophioglossum,  1 
Opulaster,  104 

Pomaceae,  107 
Pontederiaceae,  56 
Pontederia,  56 

Silene,  87 
Silphium,  198 
Simarubaceae,  122 

Opuntia,  136 

Populus,  68 

Sinapis,  98 

Orchidaceae,  64 

Portulacaceae,  85 

Sisymbrium,  97 

Orchis,  65 

Portulaca,  85 

Sisyrinchium,  64 

Ornithogalum,  60 

Potarnogeton,  8 

Sitilias,  185 

232 


INDEX  OF   LATIN  NAMES 


Slum,  144 
Smilaceae,  62 
Smilax,  62 
Solanaceae,  166 
Solanum,  168 
Solidago,  192 
Sonchus,  184 
Sophia,  101 
Sorghastrum,  15 
Sorghum,  15 


Sparganium,  8 
Spartina,  28 
Specularia,  182 
Spergula,  89 
Spermatophyta,  7 
Spiraea,  104 
Spirodela,  54 
Sporobolus,  24 
Stachys,  163 
Staphyleaceae,  127 
Staphylea,  127 
Steironema,  146 
Stenophyllus,  43 
Stipa,  22 

Strophostyles,  120 
Symphoricarpus,  180 
Syrnphytum,  158 
Syndesrnoii,  92 
Syntherisma,  16 


Taenidia,  143 

Urticastrum,  74 

Talinum,  85 

Utricularia,  174 

Tanacetum,  206 

Uvularia,  59 

Taraxacum,  184 
Tecoma,  175 
Teucrium,  160 
Thalesia,  175 
Thalictrum,  94 
Thaspium,  142 
Thelesperma,  204 
Thlaspi,  97 
Tiliaceae,  131 
Tilia  131 

Vaccaria,  87 
Vagnera,  61 
Valerianaceae,  181 
Valerianella,  181 
Vallisneriaceae,  11 
Verbascum,  170 
Verbenaceae,  158 
Verbena,  158 
Verbesina,  202 

Toxylon,  73 
Tradescantia,  56 
Tragia,  124 
Tragopogon,  184 
Trifolium,  113 

Vernonia,  190 
Veronica,  172 
Viburnum,  180 
Vicia,  119 
Violaceae,  134 

Trillium,  62 
Triosteum,  180 

Viola,  135 
Vitaceae,  130 

Tripsacum,  14 

Vitis,  130 

Trisetum,  27 
Typhaceae,  7 

Washingtonia,  144 
Wolffia,  55 

Typha,  8 

Woodsia,  3 

Ulmaceae,  71 
Ulmus,  72 

Xanthium,  187 
Xanthoxylum,  122 

Umbelliferae,  141 

Uniola,  32 

Zizania,  20 

Urticaceae,  73 

Zizia,  144 

Urtica,  74 

Zygophyllaceae,  121 

INDEX   OF   ENGLISH   NAMES. 


Adam-and-Eve,  66 
Adder's-tongue,  1 
Agrimony,  107 
Alexanders,  Golden,  142 
Alfalfa,  113 
Alsike  clover,  114 
Alum-root,  103 
Anemone,  91 

False  Rue,  91 

Rue,  97 

Apple,  May,  94 
Apple-of-Peru,  166 
Arrow-head,  10 

False,  10 
Ash,  Green,  148 

Prickly,  122 

Red,  148 

White,  148 
Asparagus,  61 
Aster,  195 

Swamp,  194 
Avens,  Rough,  106 

Spring,  106 

White,  106 

Balm,  Garden,  164 
Balsam-apple,  Wild,  182 
Barley,  Wild,  37 
Barnyard  Grass,  17 
Bass  wood,  131 
Bastard  Toad-flax,  75 
Beaked  Hazel-nut,  70 
Bean,  Castor,  124 

Wild,  120 
Beard-tongue,  170 
Beauty,  Spring,  85 
Bedstraw,  Fragrant,  179 

Marsh,  179 

Wood,  179 
Beggar  Ticks,  203 
Bell-flower,  182 
Bells,  Blue,  157 
Bellwort,  59 
Bent-grass,  27 
Bergamot,  Wild,  163 
Bernard's  Violet,  135 
Bet,  Bouncing,  87 
Big  Bur-reed,  8 
Bindweed,  153 

Small,  153 

Bishop-weed,  Mock,  145 
Bitter  Cress,  99 

Dock,  76 

Bittersweet,  127,  168 
Black-berry  Lily,  64 
Wild,  105 


Black  Haw,  180 

Jack  Oak,  71 

Locust,  115 

Mustard,  98  ! 

Nightshade,  168 

Oak,  71 
.    Sugar  Maple,  128 

Sumac,  126 

Willow,  68 
Bladder-nut,  128 

-wort,  174 
Blazing  Star,  191 
Blood-root,  95 
Blue-bells,  157 

-bottle,  208 

Cohosh,  94 

-eyed  Grass,  64 

-eyed  Mary,  170 

-flag,  63 

-grass,  Kentucky,  34 
Bluets,  178 
Blue-weed,  158 
Bog  Fern,  4 
Boneset,  191 

False,  191 

Bottle-brush  Grass,  38 
Bouncing  Bet,  87 
Bower,  Virgin's,  92 
Box  Elder,  128 

Rattle,  113 
Brake,  Cliff,  5 

Powdery  Cliff,  5 
Breeches,  Dutchman's,  96 
Broomgrass,  15 
Broomrape,  175 
Buckberry,  180 

-bush, 180 

-eye,  128 

-thorn,  129 

-wheat;  77 

Climbing,  79 
Buffalo  Bur,  168 
Bugle-weed,  165 
Bug-seed,  82 
Bulrush,  43 
Bunch-flower,  58 
Bur,  Buffalo,  168 

Cockle,  187 

-cucumber,  One-seeded,  181 

-dock,  208 

grass,  20 
ead,  10 

-marigold,  203 
Burning  Bush,  127 
Bur-oak,  71 
-reed,  Big,  8 


233 


234 


INDEX  OF  ENGLISH    NAMES 


Bur-reed  Slender,  8 
Bush,  Burning,  127 

Button,  178 

Clover,  118 

Skunk,  127 
Butter-and-Eggs,  170 
Butter-cup,  92 
Butterfly-weed,  150 
Butter  weed,  207 
Buttonbush,  178 

Snake-root,  143 

-weed,  178 

Caltrop.  121 
Camomile,  Field,  205 
Campion,  Starry,  87 

White,  87 
Canada  Lily,  60 

Thistle,  208 
Canary-grass,  21 

Keed,  21 

Southern,  21 
Cardinal  flower,  183 
Carpet- weed,  85 
Carrion-flower,  62 
Carrot,  Wild,  142 
Castor  Bean,  124 
Catalpa,  175 
Catch-fly,  Night-flowering,  87 

Sleepy,  87 
Catnip  162 
Cat-tail,  8 
Cedar,  red,  7 
Centaury,  western,  148 
Chaff  Weed,  147 
Chaffy  Fern,  3 
Charlock,  98 
Cheeses,  131 
Cherry,  Ground,  166 

Wild,  109 
Chervil,  143 
Chestnut,  Horse,  128 

Oak,  71 
Chess,  35,  36 

False,  36 

Field,  36 

Soft,  36 

Wild,  36 

Grayish,  36 
Chickweed,  88 

Forked,  89 
Chicory,  184 
Chinquapin  Oak,  71 

Water  Lily,  89 
Christmas  Fern,  3 
Cicely,  Sweet,  144 
Cinquefoil,  105 
City  Pigweed,  80 
Clammy-weed,  102 
Clear  weed,  74 
Cleavers,  179 
Clematis,  92 
Cliff-brake,  5 

Powdery,  5 
Climbing  Buckwheat,  79 


Climbing  Milkweed,  152 
Clover,  113 

Alsike,  113 

Bush,  118 

Prairie,  115 

Red,  113 

Sour,  120 

Sweet,  113 

White,  114 
Cockle-bur,  187 

Corn,  87 

Cohosh,  Blue,  94 
Coffee  Senna,  111 

-tree,  Kentucky,  111 
Columbine,  91 
Comfrey,  158 
Common  Milkweed,  151 

Scouring  Grass,  6 

Thistle,  208 

Vetch,  119 
Compass  Plant,  199 
Cone-flower,  199,  200J 

Purple,  200 
Cork  Elm,  72 
Corn  Cockle,  87 

-field  Morning  Glory,  153 

Gromwell,  157 

Indian,  96 

Salad,  181 

Speedwell,  173 
Cotton-wood,  68 
Couch-grass,  37 
Cow-herb,  88 
Crab-apple,  Wild,  108 

-grass,  17 

Slender,  16 
Smooth,  17 
Crane's-bill,  120 
Creeper,  Virginia,  130 
Creeping  Pigweed,  83 
Cress,  Bitter,  99 

Penny,  97 

Kock,  101 

Water,  99 

Winter,  98 

Yellow  Water,  99 
Crisped  Mallow,  132 
Crowfoot,  92 

White  Water,  93 

Yellow-water,  93 
Crownbeard,  202 
Culver's-root,  173 
Cup-leaf,  198 

-plant,  199 
Curled-dock,  76 
Cut  Grass,  20 

Daisy,  Ox-eye,  205 
Dandelion,  184 

False,  185 
Day-flower,  55 

-lily,  59 
Dewberry,  105 
Ditch  Stone-crop,  103 
Dock,  Bitter,  76 


INDEX  OF  ENGLISH  NAMES 


235 


Dock,  Curled,  76 

Patience,  76 

Prairie,  199 

River,  76 

Swamp,  76 

Tall,  76 

White,  76 
Dodder,  153 
Dogbane,  149 

-fennel,  205 

-tooth  violet,  60 

-wood,  145 
Dotted  Millet,  16 
Downy  Grape,  130 
Dragon,  Green,  54 

-head,  False,  162 
Dropseed  Grass,  24 
Duck- weed,  54 
Dutchman's  Breeches,  96 

Ebony  Spleenwort,  5 
Elecampane,  198 
Elder-berry,  180 

Box,  128 

Marsh,  186 
Elephant's-foot,  191 
Elm,  Cork,  72 

Slippery,  72 

White,  72 

Enchanter's  Nightshade,  140 
Evening  Primose,  White,  140 

Yellow,  139,  140 
Everlasting,  197, 198 

False  Arrowhead,  10 

Boneset,  191 

Chess,  36 

Dandelion,  185 

Dragon-head,  162 

Flax,  100 

Garlic,  60 

Grape,  130 

Gromwell,  158 

Indigo,  114 

Nettle,  74 

Oats,  27 

Penny-royal,  160 
False  Pimpernel,  172 

Rue-anemone,  91 

Sensitive  Plant,  110 

Solomon's  Seal,  61 

Sun-flower,  199 
Feather  Geranium,  81 
Fennel,  143 

Dog,  205 

-leaved  Parsley,  142 
Fern,  Bog,  4 

Chaffy,  3 

Christmas,  3 

Flowering,  2 

Grape,  2 

Lady,  4 

Maiden-hair,  5 

Rattle-snake,  1 

Sensitive,  3 


Fern,  Walking,  4 

Wood,  3 
Fescue  Grass,  35 

Meadow,  35 
Fetid  Marigold,  205 
Feverwort,  180 
Field  Camomile,  205 

Chess,  36 
Figwort,  170 
Fire  weed,  207 
Five-finger,  106 
Flag,  Blue,  63 

Sweet,  54 
Flame-flower,  85 
Flax, 121 

Bastard  Toad,  75 

False,  100 
Fleabane,  197 
Flower,  Bunch,  58 

Bell,  182 

Day,  55 

Flame,  85 

Monkey,  171 
Flowering  Fern,  2 
Flower-of-an-hour,  132 
Fog-fruit,  159 
Forget-me-not,  157 
Forked  Chickweed,  89 
Foxglove,  Yellow,  173 
Foxtail  Grass,  20 
Green,  20 
Marsh,  24 
Yellow,  20 
Fragrant  Bedstraw,  179 

Sumac,  127 
Frost  Grape,  130 

Weed,  134 

Gama  Grass,  15 
Garden  Balm,  164 
Garlic,  False,  60 
Gentian,  149 
Geranium,  Feather,  81 

Wild,  120 
Ghost  Plant,  146 
Giant  Hyssop,  161 
Ginger,  Wild,  75 
Ginseng,  140 
Golden  Alexanders,  142 

Rod,  192 

Seal,  90 
Gooseberry,  Wild,  103 
Goose-grass,  179 

-plum,  109 
Grape,  Downy,  130 

False,  130 

-fern,  2 

Frost,  130 

June,  130 

Summer,  130 
Grass,  Barnyard,  17 

Bent,  27 

Blue-eyed,  64 

Bottle-brush,  38 

Broom,  15 


236 


INDEX  OF  ENGLISH  NAMES 


Grass,  Bur,  20 

Canary,  21 

Couch,  37 

Cut,  20 

Dropseed,  24 

Fescue,  35 

Foxtail,  20 

Gama,  15 

Goose,  179 

Green  Foxtail,  20 

Hair,  26 

Hungarian,  20 

Indian,  15 

Johnson,  16 

Kentucky  Blue,  34 

Long-awned  wood,  24 

Manna,  34 

Marsh,  28 

Foxtail,  24 

Meadow,  33,  34 
Fescue,  35 

Melic,  32 

Mesquite,  28 

Orchard,  33 

Panic,  17 

Pepper,  97 

Porcupine,  22 

Rattle-snake,  29 

Red-top,  26 

Reed,  26,  27,  29 

Reed  Canary,  21 

Rough  Meadow,  34 

Rush,  24 

Rye,  36 

Sand,  30 

Southern  Canary,  21 
Spear,  33 

Spear,  33 

Spike,  32,  33 

Squirrel-tail,  38 

Star,  62 

Tall  Red-top,  29 

Three  Awned.  22 

Thin,  26 

Timothy,  24 

Velvet,  27 

Vernal,  21 

Whitlow,  100 

Wire,  33 

Witch,  19 

Wood,  34 

Wood  Reed,  26 

Yard,  29 

Yellow  Foxtail,  20 
Green  Ash,  148 

-brier,  62 

Dragon,  54 

Foxtail  Grass,  20 

Milkweed,  151 

Violet,  135 
Gromwell,  Corn,  157 

False,  158 

Wood,  157 
Ground  Cherry,  166 

Ivy,  162 


Gronnd  Nut.  119 

Plum,  116 
Gum-plant,  192 
Hackberry,  72 
Hair  Grass,  26 
Hairy  Spiderwort,  56 

Violet,  135 
Haw,  Black,  180 

Red,  108 

Hawkweed,  Prairie,  186 
Hazel-nut,  69 
Hedge-hyssop,  172 

-mustard,  97 

-nettle,  163 
Hemlock,  Water,  144 
Hemp,  73 

Water,  83 
Henbit,  163 
Herb,  Willow,  139 
Hickory,  Shell-bark,  67 
High  Mallow,  131 
Hoarhound,  Water,  165 

White,  161 
Hoary  Puccoon,  157 
Hog  Peanut,  119 

Plum,  109 

Weed,  187 
Honewort,  145 
Honey  Locust,  111 

Plant,  102 

-suckle,  180 

Wild,  91 
Hop,  73 

Medic,  113 
Hornwort,  89 
Horse  Chestnut,  128 

-nettle,  168 
Horse-nettle,  White,  168 

Radish,  99 

-tail,  6 

-weed,  187, 197 

Low,  197 

Hound's-tongue,  156 
Hungarian  Grass,  20 
Hyacinth,  Wild,  60 
Hyssop,  Giant,  161 

Hedge,  172 

Water,  171 

Indian  Corn,  96 

Grass,  15 

Plantain,  207 

Pipe,  146 

Strawberry,  105 

Tobacco,  183,  197 
Indigo,  False,  114 

Wild,  112 
Iron-weed,  190 

-wood,  69 
Ivy,  Ground,  162 

Poison,  127 

Jack-in-the-Pulpit,  54 
Jacob's  Ladder,  155 
Japanese  Morning-glory,  153 


INDEX  OF  ENGLISH  NAMES 


237 


Jimpson-weed,  169 
Joe-pye  Weed,  191 
Johnson  Grass,  16 
June  Grape,  130 

Kentucky  Blue-grass,  34 

Coffee-tree,  111 
King-nut,  67 
Knot-weed,  77 

Ladder,  Jacob's,  155 
Ladies'  Slipper,  64 

Tresses,  65 
Lady-cigar  Tree,  175 

Fern,  4 
Larkspur,  91 
Lead-plant,  115 
Leaf-cup,  198 

Stick,  136 

Velvet,  132 

Water,  155 
Lemon  Mint,  164 
Lettuce,  Prickly,  185 

White,  186 

Wild,  184 
Lily,  Blackberry,  64 

Canada,  60 

Chinqueqin  Water,  89 

Day,  59 

March,  60 

Turk's-cap,  60 
Liquorice,  Wild,  116,  179 
Locust,  Black,  115 

Honey,  111 

Log  Orchid,  Nodding,  65 
Looking-glass,  Venus',  182 
Loose-strife,  137 

Tufted,  147 

Yellow,  146 
Lopseed,  177 
Lousewort,  174 
Low  Horse  weed,  197 

Senna,  111 

Thistle,  208 

Willow,  69 

Maiden-hair  Fern,  5 
Mallow,  Crisped,  131 

High,  131 

Poppy,  132 

Prickly,  132 

Rose,  132 

Yellow,  132 
Manna  Grass,  34 
Man-of-the-Earth,  152 
Maple,  Black  Sugar,  128 

-leaved  Pig-weed,  81 

Sugar,  128 

White,  128 
March  Lily,  60 
Marigold,  Bur,  203 

Fetid,  205 
Marsh  Bedstraw,  179 

Elder,  186 

Fox-tail  Grass,  24 


Marsh  Purslane,  138 

Grass,  28 

Mary,  Blue-eyed,  171 
Matrimony  Vine,  169 
May  Apple,  94 
Meadow,  Fescue  Grass,  35 

Grass,  33,  34 
Rough,  34 

Parsley,  144 

Parsnip,  142 

Rue,  94 

-sweet,  104 
Medic,  Hop,  113 

Toothed,  113 
Melic  Grass,  32 
Mercury,  Three-seeded,  123 
Mesquite  Grass,  28 
Mexican  Tea,  81 
Milfoil,  205 

Water,  141 
Milk  Vetch,  115 

-weed,  150 

Climbing,  152 
Common,  151 
Green,  151 
Prairie,  151 
Purple,  150 
Swamp,  150 

-wort,  122 
Millet,  19,  20 

Dotted,  16 
Mint,  Lemon,  164 

Mountain,  164 

Wild,  165 

Wood,  164 

Woolly,  165 
Missouri  Violet,  135 
Mock  Bishop-weed,  145 
Mocker-nut,  67 
Moneywort,  146 
Monkey-flower,  171 
Moonseed,  95 
Morning-glory,  152 

Corn-field,  153 

Japanese,  153 

Purple,  152 

Red,  152     . 

Swamp,  152 
Motherwort,  162 
Moth  Mullen,  170 
Mountain  Mint,  164 
Mousetail,  92 
Mud-plantain,  57 

Smaller,  57 
Mudweed,  199 
Mud  wort,  172 
Mulberry,  73 
Mullen,  170 

Moth,  170 
Mustard,  Black,  98 

Hedge,  97 

Tall,  98 

Tansy,  101 

Treacle,  102 

White,  98 


238 


INDEX   OF   ENGLISH  NAMES 


Narrow-leaved  Pigweed,  80 
Neckweed,  173 
Needles,  Spanish,  204 
Nettle,  False,  74 

Hedge,  163 

Horse,  168 
White,  168 

Slender,  74 

Wood,  74 

New  Jersey  Tea,  129 
Nigger-head,  200 
Night-flowering  Catch-fly,  87 
Night-shade,  Black,  168 

Enchanter's,  140 
Nimble-will,  23 
Ninebark,  104 
Nodding  Log  Orchid,  65 
Nut,  Ground,  119 

Hazel,  69 

King,  67 

Mocker,  67 

Pig,  67 

Rush,  45 

Oak,  Black,  71 
Jack,  71 

Bur,  71 

Chestnut,  71 

Chinquapin,  71 

Post,  71 

Red,  70 

Shingle,  71 

Swamp  White,  71 

Texas  Red,  70 

White,  71 
Oats,  28 

False,  27 

Obedient  Plant,  162 
One-seeded  Bur-cucumber,  181 
Onion,  Wild,  59 
Orache,  Spreading,  82 
Orange,  Osage,  73 
Orchard  Grass,  33 
Orchid,  Nodding  Log,  65 
Orchis,  Prairie,  65 

Showy,  65 
Osage  Orange,  73 
Ox-eye  Daisy,  205 
Oyster  Plant,  184 

Panic  Grass,  17 

Pansy,  Wild,  135 

Papaw,  90 

Parsley,  Fennel-leaved,  142 

Meadow,  144 

Prairie,  142 
Parsnip,  Meadow,  142 

Wild,  142 
Partridge  Pea,  111 
Patience  Dock,  76 
Peach,  109 
Peanut,  Hog,  119 
Pea,  Partridge,  111 
Pear,  Prickly,  136 
Pecan,  67 


Pellitory,  74 
Penny-cress,  97 

-royal,  164 
False,  160 
Spring,  164 
Pepper-grass,  97 

-mint,  165 

-root,  100 
Persimmon,  147 
Petunia,  Wild,  176 
Phlox,  Wild,  154 
Pickerel-weed,  56 
Pignut,  67 
Pigweed,  80 

City,  80 

Creeping,  83 

Maple-leaved,  81 

Narrow-leaved,  80 

Prairie,  80 

Rough,  83 

Slender,  83 

Spiny,  83 

Spreading,  81 

Winged,  81 

Wood,  80 

Woolly,  84 
Pimpernel,  False,  172 

Yellow,  143 
Pink,  Prairie,  148 
Pinweed,  134 
Pipe,  Indian,  146 
Plantain,  177 

Indian,  207 

Mud,  57 

Smaller  Mud,  57 
Plant,  Compass,  190 

Cup,  199 

Ghost,  146 

Gum,  192 

Honey,  102 

Lead, 115 

Obedient,  162 

Oyster,  184 

Unicorn,  176 
Plum,  Goose,  109 

Ground,  116 

Hog,  109 

Wild,  109 
Poison  Ivy,  127 
Poke-berry,  84 
Pond- weed,  8 

Poor-man's  Weather-glass,  147 
Poplar,  Silver-leaf,  68 
Poppy  Mallow,  132 

Prickly,  95 
Porcupine  Grass,  22 
Portulaca,  85 
Post-oak,  71 
Powdery  Cliff-brake,  5 
Prairie  Clover,  115 

Dock,  199 

Hawkweed,  186 

Milkweed,  151 

Orchis,  65 

Parsley,  142 


INDEX  OF  ENGLISH  NAMES 


239 


Prairie  Pigweed,  80 

Pink,  148 

Rose,  107 

Trefoil,  114 

Turnip,  114 

Violet,  135 
Prickly  Ash,  122 

Lettuce,  185 

Mallow,  132 

Pear,  136 

Poppy,  95 

Sensitive  Plant,  110 
Puccoon,  157 

Hoary,  157 
Pumpkin,  Wild,  181 
Purple  Cone-flower,  200 
Purple  Milkweed,  150 

Morning-glory,  152 

Rocket,  99 

Purse,  Shepherd's,  100 
Purslane,  Marsh,  138 

Water,  137 
Pussley,  85 

Quillwort,  7 

Radish,  Horse,  99 
Ragweed,  187 

Southern,  187 

Western,  187 
Rape,  98 

Broom,  175 
Raspberry,  Wild,  105 
Rattle-box,  113 
Rattle-snake  Fern,  1 

Grass,  29 
Red  Ash,  148 

Bud,  110 

Cedar,  7 

Clover,  113 

Haw,  108 

Morning-glory,  152 

Oak,  70 

-top  Grass,  26 

Tall,  29 
Reed  Canary  Grass,  21 

Grass,  26,  27,  29 

Wood,  26 
Rice,  Wild,  20 
River-dock,  76 

-weed,  171 
Rock-Cress,  101 
Rocket,  Purple,  99 
Root,  Alum,  103 

Culver's,  173 
Rose  Mallow,  132 

Prairie,  107 

Wild,  107 
Rosin-weed,  199 
Rough  Avens,  106 

Meadow  Grass,  34 

Pigweed,  83 
Rue  Anemone,  91 
False,  91 

Meadow,  94 


Rush,  57 

Bui-,  43 

Grass,  24 

Nut,  45 

Spike,  42 
Russian  Thistle,  82 
Rye  Grass,  36 

Wild,  38 

Sage,  Wild,  163 

Wood,  160 
Salad,  Corn,  181 
Sand-bar  Willow,  69 

-grass,  30 

-wort,  88 
Sanicle,  143 

Scouring-rush,  Common,  6 
Slender,  6 
Stout,  6 
Seal,  False  Solomon's,  61 

Golden,  90 

Solomon's,  61 
Sedge,  45 
Self-heal,  162 
Senna,  Coffee,  111 

Low,  111 

Wild,  111 
Sensitive  Fern,  3 

-plant,  False,  110 
Prickly,  110 
Service-berry,  108 
Sheep  Sorrel,  76 
Shell-bark  Hickory,  67 
Shepherd's  Purse,  100 
Shingle  Oak,  71 
Shooting  Star,  147 
Showy  Orchis,  65 
Silver-leaf  Poplar,  68 
Silver  Maple,  128 
Silvery  Spurge,  123 
Skullcap,  161 
Skunk  Bush,  127 
Sleepy  Catchfly,  87 
Slender  Bur-reed,  8 

Crab-grass,  16 

Nettle,  74 

Pigweed,  83 

Scouring-rush,  6 
Slipper,  Ladies',  64 
Slippery  Elm,  72 
Small  Bindweed,  153 
Smaller  Mud-plantain,  57 
Small  Spleenwort,  4 
Smart- weed,  77 
Smooth  Crab-grass,  17 

Spiderwort,  56 

Sumac,  127 
Snake-root,  Button,  143 

Virginia,  75 

White,  191 
Sneezeweed,  204 
Spike  Rush,  42 
Soft  Chess,  36 
Solomon's  Seal,  61 

False,  61 


240 


INDEX  OF  ENGLISH  NAMES 


Sorrel,  Sheep,  76 

Wood,  120 
Sour  Clover,  120 
Southern  Canary-grass,  21 

Rag-weed,  187 

Spear-grass,  33 
Sowbane,  81 
Sow  Thistle,  184 
Spanish  Needles,  204 
Spear  Grass,  33 
Spearmint,  165 
Speedwell,  Corn,  173 

Water,  172 
Spiderwort,  Hairy,  56 

Smooth,  56 

Western,  56 
Spike  Grass,  32-33 

Rush,  42 

Spiny  Pigweed,  83 
Spleenwort,  Ebony,  5 

Small,  4 

Tall,  4 
Spreading  Oraehe,  82 

Pigweed,  81 

Avens,  106 
Spring  Beauty,  85 

Penny-royal,  164 
Spurge.  124 

Silvery,  123 

Stinging,  124 
Spurry,  89 
Squaw-weed,  207 
Squirrel-tail  Grass,  38 
Star,  Blazing,  191 

Grass,  62 

Water,  57 

-of-Bethlehem,  61 
Starry  Campion,  87 
Star,  Shooting,  147 

Thistle,  208 
Starwort,  Water,  126 
Stick-leaf,  136 

-seed,  156 

-tightr,  116 

Stinging  Spurge,  124 
St.  John's- Wort,  133 
Stone-crop,  Ditch,  103 
Stout  Scouring-rush,  6 
Strawberry,  Indian,  105 

Wild,  105 
Sugar  Maple,  128 

Black,  128 
Sumac,  Black,  126 

Fragrant,  127 

Smooth,  127 
Summer  Grape,  130 
Sun-flower,  201 

False,  199 

Tickseed,  203 
Swamp  Aster,  194 

Dock,  76 

Milkweed,  150 

Morning-glory,  152 
Swamp  Violet,  136 

White  Oak,  71 


Sweet  Brier,  107 

Cicely,  144 

Clover,  113 

Flag,  54 

Meadow,  104 

William,  Wild,  154 
Sycamore,  104 

Tall  Dock,  76 

Mustard,  98 

Red-top  Grass,  29 

Spleenwort,  4 

Thistle,  208 
Tansy,  206 

Mustard,  101 
Tarweed,  138 
Tea,  Mexican,  81. 

New  Jersey,  129 
Tearthumb,  79 
Texas  Red  Oak,  70 
Thin  Grass,  26 
Thistle,  Canada,  208 

Common,  208 

Low,  208 

Russian,  82 

Sow,  184 

Star,  208 

Tall,  208 

Thoroughwort,  191 
Three-awned  Grass,  22 
Three-seeded  mercury,  123 
Ticks,  Beggar,  203 
Tickseed,  202 

Sun-flower,  203 
Timothy  Grass,  24 
Toad-flax,  Bastard,  75 
Tobacco,  Indian,  183,  197 
Tomato,  168 
Tongue,  Beard,   170 

Hound's,  156 
Toothed  Medic,  113 
Touch-me-not,  129 
Treacle  Mustard,  102 
Tree,  Lady-cigar,  175 

of  Heaven,  122 
Trefoil,  Prairie,  114 
Tresses,  Ladies',  65 
Trumpet  Vine,  175 
Tufted  Loosestrife,  147 
Tumble-weed  83 
Turk's-cap  Lily,  60 
Turnip,  98 

Prairie,  114 
Turtle-head,  170 

Umbrella-wort,  84 
Unicorn  Plant,  176 

Velvet-grass,  27 

-leaf,  132 

Venus'  Looking-glass,  182 
Verbena,  Wild,  159 
Vernal-grass,  21 
Vervain,  158 
Vetch,  119 


INDEX  OF  ENGLISH  NAMES 


241 


Vetch,  Common,  119 
Milk,  115 

White  Clover,  113 
Dock,  76 

Wild,  119 

Elm,  72 

Vine,  Matrimony,  169 
Trumpet,  175 
Violet,  Bernard's,  135 
Dog-tooth,  60 

Evening  Primrose,  140 
Hoarhound,  161 
Horse  Nettle,  168 
Lettuce,  186 

Green,  136 
Hairy,  135 

Maple,  128 
Milkweed,  151 

Missouri,  135 

Mustard,  98 

Swamp,  136 

Oak,  71 

Wood,  135 
Yellow,  135 

Swamp,  71 
Snakeroot,  191 

Virginia  Creeper,  130 
Snake-root,  75 

Water  Crowfoot,  93 
Willow,  68 

Virgin's  Bower,  92 

Whitlow-grass,  100 

Wake-robin,  62 
Walking  Fern,  4 
Wall-flower,  Western,  102 

Widow  's-cross,  103 
Wild  Balsam-apple,  182 
Barley,  37 
Bean,  120 

Walnut,  66                       » 
Water  Cress,  99 
Yellow,  99 

Bergamot,  163 
Blackberry,  105 
Carrot,  142 

Crow-foot,  93 

Cherry,  109 

White,  93 

Chess,  36 

Yellow,  93 
Hemlock,  144 

Crab-apple,  108 
Geranium,  120 

Hemp,  83 
Hoarhound,  165 
Hyssop,  171 
-leaf,  155 

Ginger,  75 
Gooseberry,  103 
Honeysuckle,  91 
Hyacinth,  60 

-lily,  Chinquapin,  89 

Indigo,  112 

-milfoil,  141 

Lettuce,  184 

-plantain,  10 

Liquorice,  116,  179 

-purslane,  137 

Mint,  165 

Speedwell,  172 

Onion,  59 

Star-grass,  57 

Pansy,  135 

Stanvort,  126 

Parsnip,  142 

-weed,  11 

Petunia,  176 

Willow,  176 

Phlox,  154 

-wort,  133 

Plum,  109 

Weather-glass,  Poor-man's,  147 

Pumpkin,  181 

Weed,  Blue,  158 
Bugle,  165 

Raspberry,  105 
Rice,  20 

Butterfly,  150 

Rose,  107 

Carpet,  85 

Rye,  38 

Clammy,  102 

Sage,  163 

Duck,  54 
Hog,  187 

Senna,  111 
Strawberry,  105 

Jimpson,  169 

Sweet  William,  154 

Joe-pye,  191 

Verbena,  159 

Mud,  199 

Vetch,  119 

Neck,  173 

Yam,  63 

Pickerel,  56 

Will,  Nimble,  23 

Pig,  80 

Willow,  68 

River,  171 

Black,  68 

Tar,  138 

-herb,  139 

Tumble,  83 
Western  Centaury,  148 

Low,  69 
Sand-bar,  69 

Ragweed,  187 

Water,  176 

Spiderwort,  56 

White,  68 

Wall-flower,  102 

Vinged  Pig-weed,  81 

White  Ash,  148 

Winter  Cress,  98 

Avens,  106 

Vire  Grass,  33 

Campion,  87 

Witch  Grass,  19 

242 


INDEX  OF  ENGLISH  NAMES 


Wood  Bedstraw,  179 

Fern,  3 

Grass,  34 

Long-awned,  24 

Gromwell,  157 

Iron,  69 

Mint,  164 

Nettle,  74 

Pig-weed,  80 

Keed-grass,  26 

Sage,  160 

Sorrel,  120 

Violet,  135 
Woolly  Mint,  165 

Pigweed,  84 
Wormseed,  81 


Wormwood,  206 

Yam,  Wild,  63 

Yard-grass,  29 

Yarrow,  205 

Yellow  Evening  Primrose,  139,  140 

Fox-glove,  173 

Fox-tail  Grass,  20 

Loosestrife,  146 

Mallow,  132 
Yellow  Pimpernel,  143 

Violet,  135 

Water  Cress,  99 
Crowfoot,  93 

Weed,  192 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 


